Abrasion is a type of mechanical weathering. How is it described?

water, wind, and/or gravity cause rock fragments to collide off each other

the removal and transport of rock

Frost wedging is a type of mechanical weathering. How is it described?

The freezing and thawing of water in cracks of rocks splits rocks apart

How are igneous rocks formed?

Formed from a magma (molten rock)

What are the 4 basic climate zones?

dry, tropical, temperate, polar/cold

________ is a single, identifiable source of pollution while ______ occurs over a wide area and is not easily identified

Point Source Pollution, Nonpoint Source Pollution

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Formed at the Earth’s surface out of fossils, shells, fragments, etc.

What is NOT true about the Carbon Cycle?

Only effects Earth's atmosphere

Organic/Biological activity is a type of mechanical weathering. How is it described?

anything that is living that breaks up rocks (ex. plants)

Exfoliation is a type of mechanical weathering. How is it described?

masses of rock are exposed through uplift and erosion, expand, and peel

What is the correct order of coal formation?

peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite

45% minerals, 25% water, 25% air, 5% organic matter

any process that breaks rocks into sediments

What is the difference between the greenhouse effect and global warming?

Greenhouse effect naturally warms Earth & global warming is a human impact

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Answers

1
Which two processes are most associated with metamorphic rock?
heat & pressure
melting & cooling
compaction & cemetation
internal & external
2
The tide with the smallest tidal range that occurs when the moon and sun are at right angles to Earth is the _____ tide.
Spring
Sun
Moon
Neap
3
Two plates dividing describes which type of plate boundary?
Transform
Divergent
Convergent
Division
4
What are two different types of crust?
Continental/Oceanic
Nazca/Eurasian
Laurasia/Gondwana
Lithosphere/Mesosphere
5
Which two processes are most associated with sedimentary rock?
heat & pressure
melting & cooling
internal & external
compaction & cemetation
6
Abrasion is a type of mechanical weathering. How is it described?
masses of rock are exposed through uplift and erosion, expand, and peel
water, wind, and/or gravity cause rock fragments to collide off each other
anything that is living that breaks up rocks (ex. plants)
The freezing and thawing of water in cracks of rocks splits rocks apart
7
What is erosion?
the removal and transport of rock
any process that breaks rocks into sediments
sediments are dropped
sediments are squeezed or compacted
8
Which is NOT one of the earthquake waves we learned about?
S-waves
surface waves
P-waves
W-waves
9
Frost wedging is a type of mechanical weathering. How is it described?
water, wind, and/or gravity cause rock fragments to collide off each other
masses of rock are exposed through uplift and erosion, expand, and peel
anything that is living that breaks up rocks (ex. plants)
The freezing and thawing of water in cracks of rocks splits rocks apart
10
How are igneous rocks formed?
Formed deep inside the Earth changed by pressure, temperature, and fluids
Formed from a magma (molten rock)
Formed at the Earth’s surface out of fossils, shells, fragments, etc.
11
What are the two types of Sedimentary Rock?
Foliated & Nonfoliated
Oceanic & Continental
Intrusive & Extrusive
Clastic & Chemical/Biochemical
12
What are the 4 basic climate zones?
dry, tropical, temperate, polar/cold
dry, tropical, mild, polar/cold
desert, tropical, tundra, polar/cold
desert, tropical, temperate, polar/cold
13
The amount of dissolved salts in ocean water is ___________
salinity
halinity
density
thermohalinity
14
Scientists think plate tectonic movement is caused by which of the following processes?
None of these
GPS
Radiation
Convection Currents
15
The energy that drives surface ocean currents comes from ________.
wave action
temperature differences
wind
salinity variations
16
________ is a single, identifiable source of pollution while ______ occurs over a wide area and is not easily identified
Single Source Pollution, Multisource Pollution
Nonpoint Source Pollution, Point Source Pollution
Point Source Pollution, Nonpoint Source Pollution
Multisource Pollution, Single Source Pollution
17
Chemical weathering occurs when _______ forces break apart rock.
external
chemical
physical
internal
18
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Formed deep inside the Earth changed by pressure, temperature, and fluids
Formed at the Earth’s surface out of fossils, shells, fragments, etc.
Formed from a magma (molten rock)
19
Mechanical weathering occurs when _______ forces break apart rock.
physical
external
chemical
internal
20
What is NOT true about the Carbon Cycle?
It includes sinks and processes
Carbon is rare in nature and usually combined with other elements (CO2, CO)
Demonstrates the cycling and impact of burning fossil fuels
Only effects Earth's atmosphere
21
________are located on the surface of the Earth, while the _______ is beneath the crust and located right below
focus, epicenter
wave, release
epicenter, focus
shock, center
22
Organic/Biological activity is a type of mechanical weathering. How is it described?
masses of rock are exposed through uplift and erosion, expand, and peel
water, wind, and/or gravity cause rock fragments to collide off each other
The freezing and thawing of water in cracks of rocks splits rocks apart
anything that is living that breaks up rocks (ex. plants)
23
_____ energy sources that cannot be replenished in a short period of time while ______ can be replenished naturally
Alternative, Natural
Clean, Alternative
Nonrenewable, Renewable
Renewable, Nonrenewable
24
The agents of weathering and erosion include water, wind, ice, and gravity.
False
True
25
The surface of the Earth is called the:
Mantle
Outer Core
Crust
Inner Core
26
What does the "I" in HIPPO (threats of biodiversity) stand for?
Introduction Species
Invasive Species
Industrialization
27
Exfoliation is a type of mechanical weathering. How is it described?
anything that is living that breaks up rocks (ex. plants)
water, wind, and/or gravity cause rock fragments to collide off each other
The freezing and thawing of water in cracks of rocks splits rocks apart
masses of rock are exposed through uplift and erosion, expand, and peel
28
What is the correct order of coal formation?
anthracite, bituminous, lignite, peat
peat, lignite, anthracite, bituminous
lignite, bituminous, anthracite, peat
peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite
29
What factor other than salinity affects the density of seawater?
latitude
temperature
salt content
depth
30
Which soil is the best to support plant life?
Sandy loam soils
Clay-rich soils
Loam soils
Sandy soils
31
What percentage of Earth's water is fresh?
97%
15%
3%
0.6%
32
What is created at an ocean-ocean divergent boundary?
mid-ocean ridge
continental rift
mountains
33
Which of the following is NOT identified as a renewable energy resource?
Hydroelectric Power
Geothermal Energy
Solar Energy
Nuclear Energy
34
Two plates colliding describes which type of plate boundary?
Uplifting
Transform
Divergent
Convergent
35
Which process is NOT involved in the hydrologic cycle?
Evaporation
Condensation
Infiltration
Cementation
36
What are the 3 components of soil? (Used in the Soil Texture Triangle)
Sand, silt, clay
Soil, silt, clay
Soil, dirt, clay
37
What is described as "the characteristic condition of the atmosphere for a region. The long-term weather (30 years+)"?
Climate
Season
Weather Condition
Weather Pattern
38
The order of soil horizons from top to bottom is...
A, B, C, O, Bedrock
Bedrock, A, B, C, O
Bedrock, C, B, A, O
O, A, B, C, Bedrock
39
Which of the following factors does NOT increase biodiversity?
diverse habitat
nutrients
temperature
geographic isolation
40
The ocean layer of rapid temperature change with depth is known as the ___________
mixed zone
thermocline
pycnocline
surf zone
41
Windbreaks, silt fences, vegetation, terraced plowing, etc. are all examples of what?
Erosion eliminator
Erosion control
Erosion advancer
42
The rising of cooler water from the deep ocean to replace warmer surface water is called _________.
El Nino
La Nina
upwelling
walker circulation
43
Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?
Wood
Coal
Natural Gas
Oil/Petroleum
44
Soil consists of...
45% dirt, 25% CO2, 25% air, 5% organic matter
45% dirt, 25% water, 25% air, 5% organic matter
45% minerals, 25% CO2, 25% air, 5% organic matter
45% minerals, 25% water, 25% air, 5% organic matter
45
What does the FIRST mentioned "P" in HIPPO (threats of biodiversity) stand for?
Precipitation
Pollution
Protection
Population
46
When ocean-continent convergence occurs, what forms?
volcanic island arc
continental volcanic arc
mountains
47
What are the two types of Metamorphic Rock?
Intrusive & Extrusive
Oceanic & Continental
Foliated & Nonfoliated
Clastic & Chemical/Biochemical
48
What is weathering?
any process that breaks rocks into sediments
sediments are dropped
sediments are squeezed or compacted
the removal and transport of rock
49
Which of the following is NOT a greenhouse gas?
Oxygen (O2)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)
Water Vapor (H2O)
50
What is the difference between the greenhouse effect and global warming?
Greenhouse effect naturally warms Earth & global warming is a human impact
Global warming naturally warms Earth & greenhouse effect is a human impact
51
The ocean later of rapid density change with depth is known as the _________
surf zone
pycnocline
mixed zone
thermocline
52
What percentage of ocean water is made up of dissolved minerals?
5%
5.3%
3.5%
3%
53
________ is the avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance
Sustainability
Ecological Effort
Protection
54
Convection currents occur in the ____________.
Inner Core
Asthenosphere
Mantle
Atmosphere
55
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
Formed from a magma (molten rock)
Formed deep inside the Earth changed by pressure, temperature, and fluids
Formed at the Earth’s surface out of fossils, shells, fragments, etc.
56
What temperature water holds the most nutrients and dissolved gases?
lukewarm water
cold water
warm water
frozen water
57
Ocean currents affect world climate by...
spreading plant and animal life over a wider area
transferring heat to and from various regions
ensuring ocean density is not the same globally
carrying sediment from rivers and inland basins
58
Underwater mountain chain where seafloor spreading occurs is called what?
Magnetic Reversals
Subduction Zones
Mid-ocean Ridge
Mariana Trench
59
The three types of chemical weathering include all except...
Dioxisis
Hydrolysis
Acid Dissolution
Oxidation
60
When ocean-ocean convergence occurs, what forms?
mid-ocean ridge
mountains
volcanoes
trench & volcanic island arc
61
What percentage of Earth's crust is covered in ocean water?
71%
95%
91%
75%
62
Which is the warmer phase of the ENSO Cycle?
La Nino
El Nino
El Nina
La Nina
63
Which plate boundary is MOST associated with earthquakes?
Convergent
Divergent
Transform
64
The outermost rigid layer of Earth that includes the crust and the upper mantle is called _____
Lithosphere
Mantle
Oceanic
Inner Core
65
Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 pieces of evidence supporting Continental Drift?
geologic structures
signs of human life
fossil evidence
puzzle pieces
66
What are the agents of metamorphism?
heat, pressure, and water
heat, pressure, and hydrothermal solutions
heat, pressure, and compaction
heat, pressure, and erosion
67
What two factors are used to classify climate in the Köppen climate classification system?
precipitation and location
temperature and air pressure
elevation and latitude
temperature and precipitation
68
Which type of river has experienced the most erosion with almost flat sides?
Mature River
Old Age River
Youthful River
69
________ is a process by which waterways become enriched with nutrients from the surrounding watershed
Eutrophication
Percolation
Infiltration
Upwelling
70
Which type of river is v-shaped with steep sides?
Youthful River
Mature River
Old Age River
71
Which ocean is the largest and deepest?
Atlantic
Pacific
Indian
Southern
72
A food chain is a sequence of organisms where energy is transferred while a _______ is complex series of feeding
Food Web
Food Pyramid
Predator Pyramid
Trophic level
73
Huge moving current systems on the ocean's surface made of 4 currents are called ________.
el nino and la nina
thermohaline circulation
currents
gyres
74
What would happen if thermohaline circulation stopped?
colder Europe and warmer tropics
colder tropics and warmer Europe
no change in global temperatures
warmer Europe and warmer tropics
75
Which is NOT one of the 4 pieces of evidence for the theory of Plate Tectonics?
Eathquake Patterns
Paleomagnetism
Puzzle pieces
Hot Spots
76
Ocean tides result largely from the gravitational attraction of the
other planets
moon
core of the Earth
sun
77
What does the "O" in HIPPO (threats of biodiversity) stand for?
Overharvesting
Overuse
All of the above
Overexploitation
78
When continent-continent convergence occurs, what forms?
mountains
volcanoes
deep ocean trench
79
What is created at an continent-continent divergent boundary?
continental rift
mid-ocean ridge
mountains
80
What does the SECOND mentioned "P" in HIPPO (threats of biodiversity) stand for?
Pollution
Population of humans rising quickly
Precipitation
Protection
81
What are the two types of Igneous Rock?
Oceanic & Continental
Intrusive & Extrusive
Clastic & Chemical/Biochemical
Foliated & Nonfoliated
82
The storage and movement of water through rock and soil is called an _____.
aquifer
zone of aeration
water table
zone of saturation
83
Two plates sliding past one another describes which type of plate boundary?
Transform
Collision
Convergent
Divergent
84
Which is the cooler phase of the ENSO Cycle?
La Nino
El Nino
La Nina
El Nina
85
The tide with the greatest tidal range that occurs when the moon and sun are aligned is the ______ tide.
Moon
Sun
Neap
Spring
86
What causes surface ocean currents to be deflected?
local winds
Earth's revolution
global winds
the Coriolis effect
87
The number and variety of species in an ecosystem is known as _______.
Biovariety
Biomity
Biodiversity
Biorichness
88
A subduction zone is where two plates do what?
Collide and form mountains.
Separate and form new continents.
Spread apart to form new crust.
Collide and one is pushed under and destroyed.
89
Hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single Landmass then broke apart:
Laurasia
Lithosphere Displacement
Continental Drift
Plate Movement
90
What does the "H" in HIPPO (threats of biodiversity) stand for?
Habitat Protection
Human Impact
Habitat Loss
Human Population Growth
91
"A mixture of dissolved gases and solids in pure water" describes...
freshwater
icebergs
sea ice
ocean water
92
Which ocean is the smallest and shallowest?
Arctic
Southern
Atlantic
Pacific
93
What are the 2 settings in which metamorphic rocks are formed?
contact & regional
oceanic & continental
convergent & divergent
heat & pressure
94
Which two processes are most associated with igneous rock?
compaction & cemetation
melting & cooling
internal & external
heat & pressure

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