What is the dynamic systems theory?

Development take place over time through a "self-organizing" process

What are the principles of growth?

Cephalocaudal, proximodistal, and Orthogenetic

The smallest unit of sound in a language

What are the basic components of language?

Phonemes, morphemes, syntax, pragmatics, and prosody

What is Gibson’s Ecological theory of Perception?

Highlights the role of nature and nurture

What is the constructivist theory of perception in developmental psychology?

Stresses the influence of environmental factors on behavior

What are the four stages of memory strategy development that children progress through?

Mediation deficncy, prod deficncy, utilization deficncy, effective stratgy

What is Broca’s area in the brain associated with?

Motor control of speech production

What methods are commonly used for assessing infant memory?

Imitation, Habituation, and Operant conditioning

What are the four major hypotheses about why learning and memory improve?

Changes in capacities, memry strategy, + knowledge about memory & the world

The meaning of a word or group of words

How are young children fooled by their perceptions?

Children often focus on the most obvious features of an object or situation

How is attention different in infancy than in childhood?

Infancy: It is mainly reflexive Childhood: it becomes voluntary & focused

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PSY 203 Quiz # 2

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Answers

1
What is the dynamic systems theory?
The development of sleep patterns emphasizing patterns over time
The self-organizing process of cognitive advancements over time
Development take place over time through a "self-organizing" process
The modification of behavior through rewards and punishments
2
What are the principles of growth?
Egocentrism, accommodation, and assimilation
Formal operations, concrete operations, and reversibility
Centration, conservation, and randomization
Cephalocaudal, proximodistal, and Orthogenetic
3
In a meeting a speaker addresses their boss using respectful language and avoids interrupting others. This demonstrates
Syntax
Pragmatics
Morpheme
Prosody
4
What is a phoneme?
The order of words in a sentence
The meaning of a word or group of words
The smallest unit of sound in a language
A basic grammatical unit
5
What are the basic components of language?
Phonemes, morphemes, syntax, pragmatics, and prosody
Vowels, consonants, nouns, verbs, and adjectives
Alphabets, punctuation, grammar rules, vocabulary, and sentence structure
Gestures, facial expressions, intonation, rhythm, and body language
6
Which of the following is not a dimension of temperament identified by Rothbart and his colleagues?
Effortful Control
Negative Affectivity
Surgency/Extraversion
Intellectual Capacity
7
What is Gibson’s Ecological theory of Perception?
Stresses the influence of environmental factors on behavior
Emphasizes genetic factors in development
Highlights the role of nature and nurture
Focuses on the interaction between individuals and their cultural context
8
What is the constructivist theory of perception in developmental psychology?
Emphasizes genetic factors in development
Stresses the influence of environmental factors on behavior
Highlights the role of cognitive processes in shaping development
Focuses on the interaction between individuals and their cultural context
9
What are the four stages of memory strategy development that children progress through?
Recognition, recall, reconstruction, and relearning
Encoding, storage, retrieval, and forgetting
Mediation deficncy, prod deficncy, utilization deficncy, effective stratgy
Sensory memory, short-term memory, working memory, and long-term memory
10
What is Broca’s area in the brain associated with?
Language comprehension
Visual processing
Motor control of speech production
Memory storage
11
What methods are commonly used for assessing infant memory?
Imitation, Habituation, and Operant conditioning
Observational techniques and naturalistic observations
Self-report surveys and interviews
Neuroimaging methods and electrophysiological measures
12
What are the four major hypotheses about why learning and memory improve?
Parental influence, educational methods, SES, and exposure to technology
Emotional exp, physical activity, sensory stimulation, & dietary factors
Maturation, social interactions, cultural exposure, and sleep quality
Changes in capacities, memry strategy, + knowledge about memory & the world
13
What is pragmatics?
The meaning of a word or group of words
The order of words in a sentence
A basic grammatical unit
The smallest unit of sound in a language
14
How are young children fooled by their perceptions?
They are easily influenced by external distractions
Children are generally not susceptible to perceptual illusions
Children often focus on the most obvious features of an object or situation
Perceptual errors in children are solely attributed to genetic factors
15
How is attention different in infancy than in childhood?
Infancy: it's focused on external Childhood: it shifts 2 internal thoughts
Infancy: It is mainly reflexive Childhood: it becomes voluntary & focused
Infancy: it is solely genetics, Childhood: it is environmental
Infants and children exhibit similar attention patterns

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