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GIANT WHAP REVIEW
GIANT WHAP REVIEW
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1
An example of diffusion rather than independent invention is the
Sumerian use of the wheel
Mayan concept of zero as a place holder
Origin of the Greek alphabet
Cultivation of the banana in southeast Asia
2
Nationalism
Delayed the unification of both Italy and Germany
Brought tolerance for diversity within the Russian Empire
Eased tensions within Austrian Empire
Served as both a unifying and a divisive force
3
Hinduism
Gained little acceptance outside India
Addressed the consequences of one's behavior
Was based on traditions of the Harappan civilization
Offered no hope from members of lower castes
4
During the classical period, Africa
Lost contact with classical civilizations
Was cut off from global trade patterns
Saw new technology used in trans-Saharan travel
Repelled Christian missionary efforts
5
Earliest civilizations in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres were similar in
Their reliance on the flooding of major rivers
Their practice of polytheism
Their location at similar latitudes
Their technological knowledge
6
Economic imperialism
Was the most common imperialist model in Africa
Didn't lead to direct political control over new territories
Led to industrialization of Latin America
Led to colonial dependence upon industrialized nations
7
Silk road trade
Florished despite constant interferences from nomadic tribes
Was confined to land routes across Asia
Established links between the empires of Han China and Rome
Bypassed Mesopotamia
8
All of the following describe the Scientific Revolution EXCEPT that
It emphasized the value of research
It was modeled on Chinese philosophy
It described the nature of the universe
9
The agricultural revolution
was an abrupt process beginning in 8000 BCE
began with an extensive pattern of cultural diffusion
Saw the use of agricultural methods that inspired migration
occurred about the same time throughout the world
10
Daoism and Confucianism
Agreed on the importance of education
Disagreed on the need for personal reflection
Taught that political involvement was essential to a society
Based their teachings on Chinese traditions
11
The Egyptian civilization was similar to the Sumerian civilization in
Its reliance on natural defense barriers
Its political structure
Its system of social stratification
Its extent to which its culture was diffused
12
During the agricultural revolution, women
Weren't represented in neolithic art
Experienced a decrease in status
Observed and studied the agricultural environment
Participated in hunting activities with men
13
Trade among the peoples of the Americas
United the Chimor and Inca people
Was facilitated in the Andes by geography
Was most similar in the Aztec and Toltec societies
Remained local
14
Latin American trade
Caused great Britain to support the Monroe doctrine
Relied on exports of manufactured goods
Relied on the increased slave trade of the late 19th century
Decreased after the 1820s
15
Industrialization in Egypt
Resulted from disharmony in the Muslim world
Decreased Egypt's dependency on the west
Was accomplished without government support
Gave new freedoms to lower classes
16
Early societies of South America
Was challenged by geographic limitations
Traded widely with regions to their north
Developed societies that had no knowledge of metals
Built upon Mesoamerican cultural traditions
17
Common to most early industrial nations was the development of
Zaibatsu
Steel manufacturing
Unions
Railroads
18
The 15th century was characterized by
The beginning of nation-states in Italy and Germany
The decentralization of political power in Spain
The strengthening of nation-states in England and France
19
European explorations
Concentrated on the Americas
Sought to break established trade monopolies
Were dependent on European technological innovation
Promoted harmony among the nations of Europe
20
Both Hinduism and Buddhism
Supported the caste system
Became increasingly popular in India
Revered women
None of the above
21
Under both the Han and Roman empires
Imperial roads were connected to the Silk Roads
New territories were added to the empire
A time of peace settled over both empires
All of the above
22
The Renaissance
Represented a complete break from medieval traditions
What is a movement of uniquely Western origins
Was a result of the crusades
Began in the Eastern Roman empire
23
The area in which Islam showed the most change during the 7th to the 15th centuries was in
The status of slaves
The development of the shariah
The role of women
It's treatment toward People of the Book
24
Compared to the Spanish Empire, that of the Portuguese
Was less influenced by the Roman Catholic Church
Developed a more egalitarian society
Developed a better relationship with Indian inhabitants
Was more global in its extent
25
The early civilization with the least-developed technology was
Egyptian
Mesoamerican
Harrapan
Sumerian
26
Interactions between Muslims and Europeans during the 1600's are most commonly found in the
Atlantic ocean
Indian Ocean
Pacific ocean
Arctic Ocean
27
The Ottoman Empire
Supported policies that benefited local artisans
Saw trade between non-Muslims and European merchants
Refused to accept foreign loans
Resisted economic reforms
28
Buddhism
Changed to teach that common people could reach nirvana
Was the adopted faith of Gupta rulers
Opposed Confucian ideals of patriarchal families
29
As a result of hemispheric trade between 1450 and 1750
The entire globe was linked by numerous active trade routes
European wealth and commercial dominance increased
The work of African artisans found new markets
30
One of the weaknesses of the early Muslim empires was
Disregard for the cultural traditions of conquered peoples
Insistance on conversion of non-Arabs within the empire
Indifference to the Sunni and Shi'ite split
Failure to resolve questions of succession
31
Both the Protestant Reformation and the Enlightenment
Upheld church traditions
Lowered the status of women
Relied on reason over faith
Questioned political authority
32
As a new faith, Islam gained strength
Within portions of the former Roman Empire
First in Mecca, then throughout the Arabian peninsula
Because of rules of succession
33
The natives of North America
Build empires on the scale of those of Mesoamerica
Used architectural designs similar to those of Mesoamerica
Established tribute empires
34
New scientific and artistic expressions in the west in the 19th century
Relied on reason in literacy expression
Created new frontiers in physics
Supported traditional beliefs
35
European exploration through the mid-15th century
Placed merchants in conflict with monarchs
Depended upon the knowledge of the eastern world
Suffered from a lack of technological expertise
Produced intense rivalries with East Asian civilizations
36
The Protestant and Catholic reformations were like in there
Emphasis on education
Views towards papal authority
Reliance on church councils
Abandonment of church traditions
37
The nation-state
Was incompatible with absolute monarchies
Was embraced by the Ottoman empire
Arose in Europe because of its diversity of cultural groups
Promoted harmony among Europeans
38
Both the Aztecs and Incas
Allowed women a significant role in public life
Integrated conquered peoples into their empire
Built on the traditions of their predecessors
Were originally nomadic people
39
The Indus Valley civilization
Declined after the arrival of Aryan invaders
Relied heavily on communal planning
Is the best studied through it's written records
Was isolated from other River Valley civilizations
40
During the Gupta dynasty
Arabic numerals originated in India
Slavery increased
The government of India became more centralized
Hinduism and Buddhism became the official religions of India
41
From the time of the Roman Republic to the Pax Romana
Rome became increasingly democratic
Roman citizenship became increasingly rare
Roman civilization became increasingly weaker
The territory of Rome continued to expand
42
The end of the trans-Atlantic slave trade
Occurred about the time of the emancipation of Russian surfs
Received widespread support of African kings
Was resisted by Great Britain
Began with Brazil
43
Muhammad
Built on the religious traditions of the Arabian Peninsula
Made provisions for the future leadership of Islam
Established clear class distinctions for Islamic society
44
The Black Death
Changed the course of political institutions
Spread solely along routes of Mongol conquest
Was most devastating in north Africa
Originated in Europe
45
Indian Ocean trade
Failed to establish connections with land routes
Linked all areas of the Indian Ocean basin except Africa
Declined with the fall of classical empires
Saw mariners use the geographic forces of the Indian Ocean
46
Confucianism and early Buddhism
Emphasized the importance of effective government
Did not believe that their founders were gods
Included a belief in nirvana
Became the dominant philosophy of their respective regions
47
The rule of classical India included
The Aryan writing language
Vedic traditional literature
The egalitarian Aryan society
Aryan agricultural knowledge
48
During the period of the late Roman empire, Christianity
Appealed primarily to elite classes
Became less organized as the empire fell
Declined in numbers because of persecutions
Experienced a change in its official status
49
The Neolithic age
Produced societlies without class distinctions
Saw agriculture carried out without the use of metal tools
Saw a decline in global populations
Saw the beginnings of urbanization
50
The American and the French revolutions were alike in all of the following ways EXCEPT
They produced documents that defined similar natural rights
They both brought increased political power for women
They were prompted by issues of taxation
51
Population patterns in the 19 century
Showed growth restricted to the Western world
showed limited growth among working classes
Were affected by the Columbian exchange of the last period
Showed decline in east Asia and growth in Western Europe
52
All of the following Chinese traditions and achievements began under the Han dynasty EXCEPT
The civil service exam
Expansion into central Asia
Confucian philosophy
Paper manufacture
53
The Persians
Were noted for their harsh treatment toward conquered people
Continued the traditions of ancient Mesopotamia
Introduced a religion similar to the structure of Hinduism
Failed to establish a unified empire
54
Egyptian trade
Was dependent on the exportation of a single crop
Didn't suffer from competition with Europe
Improved as a result of Muhammad Ali's policies
Weakend after the opening of the Suez Canal
55
Christianity
Failed to utilize the public works of the Roman empire
Remained a religion of the Roman empire
Taught the forgiveness of sins through faith in Jesus
Was not a missionary religion
56
As a result of the Opium War
The importation of opium to China increased
The Qing dynasty over took to Ming
The Chinese silver supply was restored
Great Britain acquired Hong Kong
57
The period of greatest population decline in Europe during the Middle Ages was
The 10th to 13th centuries
The 15th century
The 14th century
The 5th and 6th centuries
58
Early urban dwellers
Were offered few chances to carry out specialized tasks
Left the religious practices to agricultural peoples
Saw the need for a government
Were dominated by people in agricultural settlements
59
Early medieval Europe's strongest state was
The Papal States
The Holy Roman Empire
England
France
60
The position of the Chinese scholar-gentry
Was mimicked by the Japanese
Weekend efforts to curb nomadic invasions
Declined during the Song Dynasty
Was admired by the Vietnamese
61
The influence of nomadic peoples in Eurasia
Delayed the interaction of global commercial networks
Ended with the Mongols
Created a relationship between nomads and settled peoples
Brought efficient administration to Eurasia
62
Among the common migration patterns in the 19th century was
middle-class migration from countryside to city
The discontinuation of shelter colonies
migration from Latin America to Mediterranean Europe
Migration for religious reasons
63
The Mughal empire
Controlled the entire Indian subcontinent
Produced art and architecture that reflected syncretism
Failed to ease tensions between Hindus and Muslims in India
64
Within Africa, the slave trade
Had little effect on central African kingdoms
Promoted unity amoung African kingdoms
Decreased the value of women slaves
Increased African dependence on European nations
65
South Africa
Saw British enslavement of native peoples
Saw the beginnings of racial divisions during colonial rule
Became an egalitarian society under Dutch rule
66
The Ottoman empire
Unlike the Mughal empire, was not a gun powder empire
Was unsuccessful in controlling European territory
Reached its height around 1750
Weakend because its technology fell behind that of Europe
67
The trans-Atlantic slave trade
Carried more women than men
carried the majority of slaves to North America
Increased after the establishment of sugar plantations
68
The Columbian exchange
Improved the nutrition of American indigenous peoples
Created both positive and adverse effects on population
Didn't involve Africa
Drew the world's oceans into an active trade network
69
Enlightenment thought
Resulted in harsher punishments for criminals
Treated children as miniature adults
Resembled renaissance thought
Wasn't embraced by the woman's movement
70
The Five Pillars
Provide unity within Islam
Are inattentive to distinctions in social class
Are included in the Quran
71
Japanese feudalism
Brought a temporary end to internal conflicts
Saw the beginnings of a centralized Japan
United peasants and elite classes
Revolve around the power of the samurai as warlords
72
The position of Chinese women
Was more restrictive under the Tang than under the Song
Changed markedly between the 7th and 13th centuries
Resulted in greater freedoms under Neo-Confucianism
Was defined by Confucianism
73
The Abbasid dynasty
Creates a social rift between Arabs and new converts
Proved the high point of Muslim cultural achievement
Healed the rift between Sunnis and Shi'ites
74
The Protestant Reformation
Spread due to advances in Chinese and European technology
Diminished the achievements of the Commercial Revolution
Became the basis of Enlightenment thought
Strengthened the authority of the papacy
75
The Eastern portion of the Roman empire
Competed with the Parthians and Sassanids for trade
Successfully restored the boundaries of the Western empire
Was a center of trade, art, and architecture
Didn't experience pressure from invaders
76
Shang China
Contributed to the development of China's central government
Was prevented by natural barriers from trading
Left no decipherable written records
Was less urbanized than the Nile Valley civilization
77
Japan's greatest challenge to industrialize was
Continued presense of the shogunate
It's geography
Competition between the government and the zaibatsu
Lack of government cooperation
78
Under Mongol rule in China
Japan and Vietnam were brought under Mongol control
Chinese women were placed in a more subordinate position
Chinese educational traditions were maintained
Chinese regional rulers were allowed to govern
79
Sugar plantations
Were initially founded in the Caribbean
Were the ultimate destination of the first Portuguese slaves
Especially valued slaves from Western Africa
80
The decline of Gupta India
Occurred without pressure from invading peoples
Didn't result in the fragmentation of the country
Saw the increased power of local princes
Resulted in the decline of traditional Indian culture
81
The Netherlands established commercial/colonial interests in all of the following areas EXCEPT
Southern Africa
Japan
North America
Western Africa
82
Attempts to save the Roman empire from ruin included
The establishment of a new capital in the eastern empire
The division of the latifundia
The emancipation of Roman slaves
83
Results of cultural diffusion among early civilizations included
The cultivation of potatoes
The legend of Quetzalcoatl
Harappan sewage systems
The invention of the wheel
84
Industrial revolution in Great Britain
Followed a similar revolution in the US
Received little government support
Initiated an interest in global trade
Was facilitated because of the enclosure movement
85
The decline of Han China
Resulted in the decline of Buddhism in China
Saw Daoism, rather than Confucianism, gaining popularity
Sae the end of Chinese established traditions
Like Rome, saw invaders permanently dominate the empire
86
Colonialism in India
Brought an end to tensions between Muslim and Hindus
Decreased nationalist feelings among Indians
Was facilitated by the breakup of the Mughal Empire
87
Medieval Europe
Saw the rise of universities
Extended to local schools found on the manor
Produced urban areas that rivaled those of European empires
Developed banking institutions from multicultural contacts
88
The English and French engaged in rivalries over territory in
East Africa
Indonesia
North Africa
China
89
The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment
Both held that reason could be used to improve humanity
Broke completely with classical traditions
Were global movements
90
The declining years of Han China and the Roman empire shared all of the following EXCEPT
Attack by powerful neighboring states
Poor harvests
Epidemic disease
Unequal land distribution
91
The declining years of the Qing dynasty saw
The long-term acceptance of the self-strengthening movement
The influence of foreign nations
The end of the opium trade
Invasion by nomadic people north of the Great Wall
92
Mercantilism
Encouraged the importation of foreign goods
Supported free trade
Sparked further rivalries among European nations
Brought long-term prosperity to Europe
