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AP Psychology Exam Review 2023 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology Exam Review 2023
AP Psychology Exam Review 2023
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1
Which concept from memory directly contradicts the belief that humans never forget anything?
Recovered Memory
Sensory Memory
Constructive Memory
Selective Attention
2
Phonemes and morphemes refer to...
Elements of telegraphic speech toddlers use.
Elements of language.
Two types of influences language has on thought.
Basic elements of memories stored in long-term memory.
3
Antidepressant drugs that treat mood disorders affect which type of neurotransmitter?
Serotonin
Adrenaline
Endorphins
Acetylcholine
4
Schachter's theory states what about the relationship between emotion & physiological reaction?
Emotions are caused simply by physiological reactions.
A combination of reactions & interpretation causes emotions.
Physiological reactions are caused simply by emotions.
Physiological reactions and emotions occur simultaneously.
5
Paul takes a test in the army to see if he would make a good pilot. Such a test is a(n)...?
Intelligence test
Aptitude test
Standardized test
Achievement test
6
Which of the following concepts is most integral to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory?
Gestalt Theory
Structuralism
Behaviorism
The unconscious mind
7
All schizophrenics suffer from...
Multiple personalities
Compulsions
Hallucinations
Depression
8
Which of the following are reasons why intrinsic motivation might be better than extrinsic?
Intrinsic is more effective with a wider range of people.
Intrinsic might be more enduring.
Intrinsic is easier and more convenient to provide.
Intrinsic is higher on Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
9
Weber's Law determines...
Amplitude of sound waves
Just-noticeable difference
Level of subliminal messages
Absolute threshold
10
The principal difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study is...
The time span of the study.
The developmental stage of the participants.
The number of participants involved.
The statistical methods employed to evaluate the data.
11
Which of the following psychologists might have described himself as a humanist?
Ivan Pavlov
John Watson
B.F. Skinner
Abraham Maslow
12
Sandy scores a perfect 100 on a test everyone else fails. Graphically, the data would be...
A straight line
Normal
Negatively skewed
Positively skewed
13
The Flynn Effect is the finding that...
Linguistic skills decline with age.
The more people take a test, the better they tend to score.
Intelligence seems to increase with every generation.
Television has decreased intellectual performance.
14
Which of the following is the best example of prejudice?
Santiago dislikes cheerleaders.
Billy won't let girls play on his hockey team.
Ginny thinks all Asians are smart.
Mr. Tamp calls on boys more often than girls.
15
Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement?
Going inside to escape a thunderstorm.
Assigning a student a detention for fighting.
Buying a child a video game after she throws a tantrum.
Depriving a prison inmate of sleep.
16
A therapist who uses whatever perspective "works best" for the patient is described as...
Functionalist
Social-cultural
Eclectic
Humanist
17
You tense up after hearing scary music during a horror film. In this case, the music is a(n)...
CR
CS
UR
US
18
Which of the following is an example of a generalized reinforcer?
Chocolate cake
High grades
Money
Applause
19
Which method of therapy is most eclectic?
Token economy
Psychoanalytic
Client-centered
Psychodynamic
20
Someone who has an external locus of control is likely to have...
A high sense of self-efficacy.
A belief in luck.
A positive self-concept.
A strong libido.
21
According to Erikson's theory, adolescents are primarily concerned in a search for...?
Affection
Career
Autonomy
Identity
22
Psychologists prefer the experimental method to other research methods because...
It is easier to obtain a random sample.
Experiments result in statistically significant findings.
Experiments can show cause-effect relationships.
Experiments are more likely to support hypotheses.
23
Which of the following best describes the relationship between sensation and perception?
Perception is an advanced form of sensation.
Sensation is mechanical, while perception is cognitive.
Sensation is in the senses while perception is in the brain.
Sensation detects stimuli, perception interprets stimuli.
24
To establish behaviorism as a paradigm of psychology, John Watson relied on the work of...?
B.F. Skinner
Sigmund Freud
Wilhelm Wundt
Ivan Pavlov
25
Redirecting unacceptable urges into more acceptable pursuits defines which defense mechanism?
Sublimation
Rationalization
Denial
Regression
26
Which of the following is an example of random sampling?
Picking out of a hat to assign subjects to a condition.
Flipping a coin to assign students to two different tests.
Having a computer generate a random list of 100 students.
Approaching any 50 students during 6th-period lunch.
27
Which of the following attachment styles did Mary Ainsworth find most often in her research?
Authoritative
Secure
Authoritarian
Avoidant
28
Which of the following two sleep disorders occur most commonly?
Sleep Apnea and Insomnia
Night terrors and Sleep Apnea
Sleep Apnea and Narcolepsy
Insomnia and Narcolepsy
29
Which sentence most accurately describes sensory memory?
Records all incoming sensations, remembering them forever.
Decides which memories to encode in long-term memory.
Perfectly stores all sensory input for a limited time.
Encodes only sensations we are currently attending to.
30
Which kind of therapist is most likely to analyze a client's dreams?
Humanistic
Behaviorist
Psychoanalytic
Cognitive
31
Which of the following is not an anxiety disorder?
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Panic Disorder
Zoophobia
Conversion Disorder
32
What is the median of the following distribution: 6, 2, 9, 4, 7, 3?
5.5
6
4.5
5
33
Perceived control over a stressful event results in...
More motivation to solve the stressful problem.
Increased arousal.
Less reported stress.
More frustration regarding the stressful event.
34
In the Milgram studies, the dependent measure was...?
The highest level of shock supposedly administered.
The number of people in the group.
The instructions given by the experimenter.
The location of the learner.
35
The cochlea is responsible for...
Sending messages to the brain about the body's orientation.
Transmitting vibrations to the hammer, anvil, and stirrup.
Transforming vibrations into neural signals.
Protecting the surface of the eye.
36
Schizophrenia is most likely to be treated with...?
Valium
Prozac
Haldol
Lithium
37
Which statement about bulimia is true?
The main cause of bulimia is society's emphasis on thinness.
All bulimics use vomiting to rid their bodies of calories.
Bulimics tend to be overly concerned with their body image.
Bulimics lose in excess of 15 percent of their body weight.
38
Which is NOT one of the big five personality traits?
Honesty
Openness
Agreeableness
Extraversion
39
Juan hears voices that tell him to kill people. Juan is experiencing...
Obsessions
Hallucinations
Compulsions
Delusions
40
Generating alternate hypotheses to explain a phenomenon demonstrates which Piagetian stage?
Abstract reasoning
Syllogistic
Formal operations
Operational
41
If you only had sight in one eye, which of the following depth cues could you NOT use?
Texture gradient
Interposition
Convergence
Linear perspective
42
One of your classmates remarks that "Ryan is all id." What does she likely mean?
Ryan is a highly-ethical person.
Ryan uses a lot of defense mechanisms.
Ryan frequently pursues immediate gratification.
Ryan is a perfectionist.
43
Depression is associated with low levels of...
Epinephrine
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Dopamine
44
Paralysis of the left arm might be explained by a problem in the...
Motor cortex in the occipital lobe in the right hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe of the right hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the parietal lobe in the left hemisphere.
Motor cortex in the frontal lobe in the left hemisphere.
45
Which reinforcement schedule would most quickly teach a cat to jump through a hoop?
Fixed Ratio
Fixed Interval
Continuous
Variable Ratio
46
Which of the following is most likely to reduce hostility between antagonistic groups?
Punish the groups whenever they treat each other badly.
Force the groups to spend a lot of time together.
Encourage them to avoid each other as much as possible.
Give groups a task that must be solved by working together.
47
Which level of consciousness controls involuntary body processes?
Subconscious level
Autonomic level
Unconscious level
Nonconscious level
48
Which of the following is the best analogy for how psychologists view consciousness?
The ignition switch on a car.
A circuit breaker that controls power to a house.
The on/off switch on a computer.
A dimmer switch for a light fixture.
49
According to the nativist theory, language is acquired...
Using an inborn ability to learn language.
Only if instruction is provided in the native language.
By parents reinforcing correct language use.
Best in the language and culture native to the family.
50
One of the principal differences between ethical guidelines for human and animal research is...
Conditions for humans must be monitored more closely.
Animals can be placed at much greater risk than humans.
Humans can be deceived for experimental purposes.
Humans must be chosen much more carefully than animals.
51
"Brain plasticity" refers to...
New connections forming to take over for damaged sections.
Our adaptability to different problems.
The surface texture of the cerebral cortex.
The brain's ability to regrow damaged neurons.
52
Behaviorists explain human thought and behavior as a result of...
Individual choice
Unconscious behavioral impulses
Past conditioning
Biological processes
53
Which brain scans should be used when studying connections between stimuli and brain processes?
MRI and CAT
EKG and CAT
PET and EEG
CAT and EKG
54
Ads are more effective when the communicators are: I. Attractive; II. Famous; III. Experts
I and II
I, II, and III
II Only
II and III
55
Which aspects of hunger are controlled by the lateral and ventromedial hypothalamus?
Body temperature and desire to eat.
The desire to eat and the feeling of fullness.
The binge and purge cycle in bulimics.
Contraction and expansion of the stomach.
56
Symbolic dream analysis might be used by a psychologist from which perspective?
Structuralist
Behaviorist
Biopsychologist
Psychoanalytic
57
Which of the following neurotransmitters allows you to have control over your muscles?
Acetylcholine
Serotonin
Dopamine
Thorazine
58
Some researchers consider developmental psychology an applied research topic because...
Original research in this area is difficult.
Pure research is difficult to gain support for.
It is more easily applied to people's lives than research.
Researchers apply findings from other areas of psychology.
59
If a test is reliable, it means that...
It is also valid.
It yields consistent results.
It tests what it is supposed to test.
It is given in the same way every time.
60
According to research, the most advantageous parenting style for children's development is...
Permissive, because children need to explore.
Authoritarian, because children learn boundaries quickly.
Securely attached, because parents will meet all needs.
Authoritative, because children have justifiable boundaries.
61
Who is credited with creating client-centered therapy?
Aaron Beck
Carl Rogers
Fritz Perls
Albert Ellis
62
Psychologists who draw from several different theoretical perspectives are known as...?
Eclectic
Open-minded
Mixed
Flexible
63
Parental involvement can have dramatic effects on all of the following human traits, EXCEPT...?
Motor development
Reading ability
Self-esteem
Intelligence
64
You find a slug on the shed only after it rains. What kind of reinforcement schedule is this?
Variable Ratio
Continuous
Variable Interval
Fixed Interval
65
The information-processing theory states that dreams...
Are by-products of how our brain processes information.
Are representations of the information we encode daily.
Occur as the brain deals with daily events during REM sleep.
Occur only after stressful events.
66
Gate-Control Theory refers to...
Blocking sound waves, causing some waves to be undetected.
How our minds use either bottom-up or top-down processing.
Which pain messages are perceived.
Which sensory impulses are transmitted first.
67
Night Terrors and Somnambulism usually occur during which stage of sleep?
REM Sleep, but only later in the night.
Stage 4
REM Sleep
Stage 1
68
In most people, which of the following is a specific function of the left hemisphere?
Producing speech
Control of the left hand
Spatial reasoning
Abstract reasoning
69
Which neurotransmitter is affected by opiates?
Dopamine
Serotonin
Endorphins
GABA
70
Agonists are psychoactive drugs that...
Mimic the same effects as certain neurotransmitters.
Mimic neurotransmitters and block their receptor sites.
Enhance the effects of certain opiates like heroin.
Produce tolerance to the drug without withdrawal symptoms.
71
A negative side-effect of ECT is...
Hysteria
Hallucinations
Memory loss
Tardive dyskinesia
72
Which of the following is not one of Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences?
Spatial
Linguistic
Musical
Practical
73
Wilhelm Wundt used a research methodology called...?
Introspection
Naturalistic observation
Structuralism
Inferential
74
Which process involves counterconditioning?
ECT
Somatic therapy
Systematic desensitization
Transference
75
The balanced physiological state we are driven to attain by satisfying our needs is called...?
Equilibrium
Primary satisfaction
Homeostasis
Self-actualization
76
On a second date, Megan tells Francisco that she loves to watch Rugrats. This is called...?
Open communication
Self-disclosure
Deindividuation
In-group bias
77
In which stage of cognitive development do infants learn object permanence?
Pre-operational
Sensorimotor
Conventional
Formal Operations
78
Blindness could result from damage to which cortex and lobe of the brain?
Visual cortex in the frontal lobe.
Visual cortex in the occipital lobe.
Visual cortex in the temporal lobe.
Cerebral cortex in the occipital lobe.
79
Which of the following is an example of the representativeness heuristic?
Solving a problem by breaking it down into smaller parts.
Believing younger people are more likely to start fights.
Judging a situation by a rule that is usually true.
Making a judgment according to past experiences.
80
Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory has been criticized for being...
Based on large groups, not individual cases.
Appropriate for only female patients.
Too applicable for research settings.
Unscientific and unverifiable
81
Theoretically, random assignment should eliminate...
Sampling error
Many confounding variables
Concerns over validity
The need for a representative sample
82
Which approach toward personality is the least deterministic?
Psychoanalytic
Biological
Humanistic
Behaviorist
