1.3- JUST SOUTH ASIA

The lack of a ___ left the kingdoms vulnerable to Muslim attacks.

Its emphasis on equality of all believers attracted low-caste ___ who hoped it would improve their social status

largest number of Islam converts were __. Corruption among monks&monastery raids by early Muslims left it disorganized

The Delhi Sultanate prevented the ____ themselves from conquering South Asia.

____ was more stable than ___

Despite strong Islamic presence, local kingdoms continued to play a major role in India’s _____

This in India was like Christianity in the Roman Empire. Both appealed to the people who suffered the most

In the 8th century, Islamic armies invaded what is today ____.

While some _____ converted to Islam, others resented Muslims and considered them foreigners.

Hindus pray to many gods, while ____ is strictly monotheistic.

___ recognize several sacred texts, while __ look to only the Quran for spiritual guidance.

Though the bhaktis were Hindus, they were similar in some ways to

While _____ protected India from invasions from north & east, mountain passes in the northwest allowed invasions by ____

__ was associated with a hierarchical caste system, while __ has always called for the equality of all believers.

In the early 13th century, ____ forces managed to conquer the city of Delhi and much of northern portion of South Asia.

In addition, the Rajput princes skillfully wielded their power to limit the ____ conquerors’ influence.

Many ___ ____ in the Indian Ocean trade moved to Indian port cities and married. Their wives usually converted.

Both mystical movements that emphasized inner reflection in order to achieve a direct personal relationship with 1 deity

__ was associated with a hierarchical caste system, while __ has always called for the equality of all believers.

As _____ spread, ____ varied how they applied its core teachings, depending on their culture before converting.

During the 11th century: it extended its rule to Ceylon, the large island just south of India. (Today: Sri Lanka.)

Bringing ____ into India, the ____ reigned for 300 years, from the 1th through the 16th centuries.

In addition, they erected mosques on _____ holy sites---much to the anger of followers of those faiths.

In India, sultans erected buildings melding intricate artistic details of ____ art with the geometric patterns by ___

Because of competitive clans, no __ arose, once again demonstrating the diversity and the regionalism of South Asia

In the 11th century, ____ forces plundered northern India’s ___ temples and ____ shrines for their riches.

However, in 1526, the sultans lost power to a new empire, _____, whose leaders did trace their ancestry to the Mongols.

The interaction of Islam and Hinduism in _____ dominated the political history of the era.

In South Asia, ______ women were confined to a separate social sphere, and _____ women received similar treatment.

When brothers left Delhi Sultanate, they embraced the religion of their birth and established their own Hindu kingdom

The first kingdom, _____, reigned over southern India for more than 400 years 850-1267.

Rulers from ____ built an elaborate mosque on top of a __ temple & used materials for the mosque from nearby __ shrines

These brothers had been born as Hindus and converted to Islam for the sake of upward mobility.

___ temples and artwork are replete with pictures of deities, while __ disapprove of any visual representation of Allah.

Islam was a ___, one that wanted to ___, or actively seek converts. Muslim rulers found this unsuccessful in India

___ developments in algebra and geometry were translated into Arabic, and spread throughout Dar al-Islam.

The city of Delhi is filled with examples of ___ architecture built during the ___. One famous example: ________

Many people combined their ___ with adherence to the same scriptures and core beliefs respected throughout the region

After ____that had dominated South Asia collapsed in 550, Golden Age or Classical Era ended & disunity returned 1000 yrs

converts in South&Southeast Asia found ways to accommodate a new faith, but most people did not ____ in the process.

In 12th century some Hindus began to draw upon traditional teachings about importance of emotion in their spiritual life

However, _____ provided some cultural unity throughout the region.

Each attack disrupted a region that had been mostly _____. Over time, the ____ presence in the region grew:

Result of movement of ideas was the numeral system referred to in the West as “Arabic numerals,” which originated in ___

In ____, women enjoyed more independence before the arrival of Islam. This pattern continued as people became Muslims.

Before the arrival of Islam, most South Asians practiced __, while a smaller number identifed themselves as ___.

Rather than emphasize studying texts or performing rituals, focused on developing strong attachment to one deity.

existed from the mid-100s until the mid-1500s, when a group of Muslim kingdoms overthrew it.

While obviously inequitable, the caste system lent stability to a _____ land.

One factor contributing resentment was the Delhi Sultanate imposed a tax, ____, on all non-______ subjects

The arrival of ______ did little to alter the basic structure of society in South Asia.

Towering over the mosque is the ____ itself, a gigantic leaning tower, the tallest structure in India today.

For this reason, sultans had diffculty imposing their policies in a land as vast and diverse as India.

People in ____ and the ____ shared their intellectual and cultural achievements with each other.

One obvious function is its presence as a symbol of Islamic influence and dominance of northern India.

_____ merchants&migrants, though not Hindu, found a place for themselves within the caste hierarchy based on their job

Throughout its reign, the Delhi Sultanate had an ______ (unlike the Chinese)

was only occasionally united as a single state in its history.

These _____ based on job operated like workers’ guilds, soon becoming absorbed into the social fabric of Indian society.

melded grammar of Hindi (language of Northern Indians)&the vocabulary of Arabic&some elements of Farsi (Persian)

began in southern India. Appealed to many because it didn't discriminate against women or people of low social caste

The ____ was flexible and able to accommodate newcomers.

They brought little change to everyday life. Located on the eastern fringes of 1.2, the region was isolated

relationship between __ shaped the history of South Asia beginning in 7th century, and it continues to shape it today

India’s ____ is its strongest historical continuity.

the official language of Pakistan.

The low-caste _____ who converted to Islam as a way to improve their social status usually did not achieve that goal.

People required more education&job opportunities, not just a new religion, to help them escape their ___ in life

It began with arrival of two brothers, Harihara&Bukka, from Delhi Sultanate in north India to expand Delhi Sultanate

Just as the Sufis helped spread Islam, the Bhaktis helped spread _______.

Sultans wanted to control south. However, they became focused on defending themselves from the northwest ______.

_____ astronomers and mathematicians added to the body of knowledge begun by their Indian counterparts.

Because they placed less emphasis on strict adherence to traditional rituals&beliefs, each appealed to people outside

___ initially entered India forcefully yet eventually took on a more peaceful approach.

formed in __ and present-day Pakistan. Hindu kingdoms led numerous clans who were often at war with each other

The spread of Islam helped make _____ a minority religion in its place of birth.

Most converts came to ______ voluntarily in India