phi 2025 multi choice

A square is a polygon with four equal sides

In essence, all health claims are answers to questions about causation. 

Hockey is a game played on ice in Canada

We sometimes rely on expert opinion in reasoning about issues pertaining to health. 

A musician is a man who plays a musical instrument.

The genetic fallacy consists of judging a claim based solely on its origin. 

To equivocate is to use a given word in different senses in a single argument. 

 Yes, the house has a variety of problems: for starters, the wiring is a fire hazard

Causal claims are irrelevant to both preserving and restoring health

Appeal to the person is the flip side of the fallacy of composition. 

A mammal is a warm-blooded animal.

If a claim conflicts with our background information, we still do not have enough reason to doubt it. 

A banker is someone who works in a bank.

An even number is a number that is divisible by two.

an equilateral triangle is a triangle with 3 equal sides & angles

The fallacy of appeal to tradition consists of judging a claim based solely on its origin. 

Many professionals form corporations that cover their activities as dentists or doctors but also other business

A book is a printed document

The problem of common-causal factors is not relevant to reasoning about health. 

An argument must have both irrelevant and unacceptable premises to be fallacious. 

People ask me why I think we should re-open the meat-packing plant

A statement is true if it is factual.

A violin is a musical instrument with strings