AS Media Review 2

We need media regulation to

In the US, the MPA rates its own films but the FCC is the overall governing body.

The major movies studios today consist of (think SPUN North)W(est):

Streamer subscription plans increased by one billion during the pandemic.

Media corporations and media conglomerates don't have a particularly big place in the wider economy.

Subcultures are groups often at odds with mainstream culture. Fandoms involve attachments beyond the "norm"

"Representation" refers to the idea that media "stands in" for people, ideas, groups, etc.

"Windowing" refers to the order and length of time films spend in one distribution market before moving to the next.

Media REGULATION is how media is overseen and governed by LAWS, often dictated by policy.

"Convergence" can refer to our tech, to media companies, and to prosumers' abilities to make and distribute content.

Some say media companies deliver audiences, not content, which in turn shapes content.

We live in a "participatory culture" because...

Conglomerates are built through both vertical and horizontal integration.

Online distribution includes the digital cinema package and marketing materials streamed online.

Content funded by advertisement will generally have more "mass" appeal.

Worldwide distribution of media content and information to a globally dispersed audience...

The FCC is prohibited from censoring and enforcing laws that limit free speech.

Most media conglomerates are considered monopolies.

Hollywood took its first big hit when the courts ordered them to sell off their theatre chains and then tv came along.

Indie filmmaker often get foreign distributors, since more than 50% percent of film sales can come from global markets.

One third of Disney Plus subscribers lives in India.

Media giants are built through mergers and acquisitions.

It is estimated that five conglomerates control 90% of global media.

In the US, regulation is overseen by the courts and the Federal Communications Commission (FCC).

Audiences are an anonymous, variable collectives of groups and individuals addressed by mass media, real and abstract.

A passive audience member is actively engaged with a media product online.

Another fear around corporate convergence is not just control over content, but control over most distribution channels.

The inequity of access to internet around the globe is known as ______________________.

American comedies and documentaries often don't play well in the global market.

There are two primary regulatory bodies in the UK. OFCOM is the minor one.

PLURALISM Theory is the opposite of HYPODERMIC THEORY. It says we are in no way part of a manipulated mass.

Abundance of of media supply, combined with an increasingly limitless digital space, has created an ATTENTION ECONOMY.

This approach is concerned with whether or not the PROFIT imperative has an impact on media text MEANINGS.

Transnational media conglomerates acquire companies to create potential synergies.

Cross promotions are when different media companies work to increase sales of a product or related products.

Media forms can be seen as artefacts, texts or commodities. Media organizations mostly view them as texts.

In the past, the US wasn't overly receptive to foreign films, but Covid accelerated foreign film consumption online.

In 2023, US box office was about 9 billion dollars, and global box office was about 34 billion.

Horizontal integration refers to buying companies in the same business.

When asked to ANALYZE, you must examine in detail to show meaning and id elements/relationships.

SYNERGIES are processes that work together, in different media, for maximum profit and engagement.

Studios distribute their own content but indie filmmakers must..

The "hypodermic" or "magic bullet" theory says media has a direct, overt effect on audience behavior and attitudes.

Media theorist Stuart Hall says

PROSUMERS use film equipment/tools suitable for professional use and distribute their own content.

This media theorist has documented repeated corporate interference in media news.

Technological changes in the last century have given audiences power, and media companies have had to adapt.

Media companies seek to generate profits for their shareholders in the form of dividends, so there's profit imperative.

A conglomerate is a corporation made of several different independent businesses where one company has majority stock.

Unless you are asked about histories, don't spend lots of time defining things. They're experts. ANSWER the ?.

When media scholars study audiences, they are often looking at its effects, known as "audience effects" research.

Media companies and conglomerates get big and stay big due to....

The relationship between media companies and audiences was once seen as a power relationship with media in control.

One of the biggest outcomes of the pandemic was the diminished theatrical window.

An "establishing" shot usually shows a wide outdoor shot to let the audience know where they are.

Sites that pay according to length of time online tend to feature more sensational, controversial content.

American horror movies are huge in Mexico and South Korea, and romcoms are popular in Mexico and Russia.

Egypt and China have very strict media censorship rules.

When asked to CONSIDER, you must review and respond to given information.

"Sound" includes music, effects, and dialogue (inc. voice over, narration and direct address).

Currently in the US, social media and internet are not regulated, but that might be/is changing.

Stereotypes are common, recurring characters. Archetypes are oversimplified representations.

Netflix is investing billions in foreign content; foreign audiences represent over 60% of its user base.

If you write about any media theory, it is okay to say that you disagree, or partially disagree.

In the EU, there are competition laws enforced to create more equity in mass media.

TARGET AUDIENCE determines both marketing and distribution strategies.

The Time Warner-AOL merger of 2000 was significant because it wanted to bring media entertainment to....

After Covid, the power balance shifted from theatres to streamers, resulting in increased audience engagement.

The conglomerates that own the "legacy" studios are...

When considering distribution, it is very important to consider overseas markets, as they generate significant money.

When asked to EVALUATE, you are being to judge the importance/value/quality of something.

In the US, our public media organizations (PBS, NPR) are generally thriving.

Content funded by public "license fees" are seen to have a public service obligation and may screen more local content.

In 2020, Disney acquired Fox, making one less legacy studio in Hollywood.

Media company revenues can come from consumers, from advertisers, and from data tracking companies.

Disney and Marvel are recognizable media brands.

Vertical integration refers to acquiring companies in different businesses, providing synergistic oportunitites.

When considering "multiple audiences" you can address how films/tv shows come back into public awareness years later.

Media products are not generally repeat purchases and are frequently considered "disposable content."

When asked to DISCUSS, write about issues IN DEPTH, in a STRUCTURED WAY.

Some people fear concentrated media ownership because...

In essay one, it can be helpful to ask about the clip's GENRE, and if it's challenging or conforming to conventions.

Most countries have some form of governmental media regulation.

Reception Analysis Theory says no media text is the same for all. Often invoked in discussions of racism and sexism.

When asked to EXPLAIN, set out purposes/reasons; make relationships evident; provide evidence.

Streamers have increased audience engagement with foreign titles through personal suggestions, dubbing and subtitling.

Today there's a bidding war between several companies, including Sony/Apollo and Skydance, to acquire Paramount Global.

China is the largest box office territory in the world and India makes more films annually than any country.

Content funded by subscription seeks to satisfy loyal audiences and innovate to create new audiences.

Theorist Dennis McQuail says we use media to gratify personal/social needs, like:

Convergence often creates synergies, like when a Universal movie is made into a theme park ride.

When considering audiences, look at local, national and international audiences.

FAANG is an acronym that helps us remember the companies that have overtaken the top spots in the economy.

Film distribution is how media content reaches audiences (theatres, stream/download, watched on "tv" or DVD).

When asked to "assess" you are being asked to make an INFORMED JUDGMENT.

As a subscription service, Netflix is focused more on their library and retaining subscribers than on individual films.

American dramas generally do well in South Korea and the UK but do not play well in Mexico or other Asian countries.

When you provide case study examples in essay two, also provide an ANALYSIS of your thoughts.

American action movies don't do well in Asian countries.

Although we usually associate lighting with cinematography, for test purposes it is part of mise en scene.