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Clinical Neuro Quizzes
Clinical Neuro Quizzes
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1
The second-order neuron in the DCML pathway synapses where?
VPL of thalamus
somatosensory cortex
VPM of thalamus
Medulla
2
Brown Sequard Syndrome: ____ weakness, loss of ___ light touch & proprioception, and ____ pain & temperature
ipsilateral, ipsilateral, contralateral
contralateral, contralateral, ipsilateral
3
see pic
Anterior Cord Syndrome, variable loss of (B) pain, temperature and motor
Posterior Cord Syndrome, complete loss of (B) pain, temperature and motor
Anterior Cord Syndrome, complete loss of posterior body pain & temperature
Posterior Cord Syndrome and variable loss of (B) pain and temperature only
4
you shouldn't reorient the patient if they are disoriented to their name, date, location and why they're there
True
False
5
Which of the following changes would serve to increase cerebral blood flow?
Increased Ph (make more basic)
Increased O2
Increased CO2
Increased viscosity of blodd
6
Which area of the brain is critical for the processing of declarative memory (which we test during our clinical exam)?
Lateral pre-frontal cortex
Secondary somatosensory cortex
Medial temporal lobe/hippocampus
Temporoparietal association cortex
7
Which of the following Neuron disorders present with only UMN signs and symptoms?
ALS & PMA
PLS and Pseudobulbar palsy
ALS, PLS, Pseudobulbar palsy
ALS, PBP and PMA
8
see pic
vibration
pin prick
proprioception
light touch
9
see pic <3
left optic nerve not intact
the left optic nerve is intact
cant determine intactness based on these findings
10
which of the following is not an appropriate question for the PT when the patient is explaining their weakness?
Can you tell me when this weakness first started?
Is the weakness constant or does it seem to come and go?
Do you have any other complaints today?
Did this weakness appear suddenly or come on gradually?
11
Progressive muscular atrophy affects ____ and presents with _____ signs and symptoms
anterior horn cells, LMN
dorsal root ganglion, UMN
anterior horn cells, UMN & LMN
dorsal root ganglion, LMN
12
see pic again lmao
Secondary impairment
Both a primary and secondary impairment
Primary impairment
13
Hydrocephalus that occurs in adults aka Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus, which are the common signs and symptoms of this?
increase in temperature, changes in B&B, rapid enlargement of ventricles
rapid changes in cognition, (B) eye deviations downward, fatigue/lethargy
slow onset of ventriculomegaly, gait disturbances, and changes in cognition
14
acetylcholine function
postural control and walking patterning
carries touch modality
regulates muscle stretch reflex
inhibition or excitation as a neurotransmitter
15
the pic is a definition
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
Meniere's Disease
16
muscle spindle function
carries touch modality
regulates muscle stretch reflex
postural control and walking patterning
inhibition or excitation as a neurotransmitter
17
A pt is diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. If left untreated, this increases the patients risk for what type of stroke?
Hemorrhagic
Thrombic
Embolic
Realbadic
18
Which signs and symptoms are often reported by patients with vestibular pathophysiology?
Visual acuity impairments, frequent falls, (B) LE weakness
Dizziness, vertigo, disequilibrium, oscillopsia, tinnitus, HA/migraines
Decreased hearing, falls, visual acuity impairments, HA/migraines, weakness
19
Which of the following is not a Central mechanism (possible lesion location) of dizziness?
Cerebellum
Vestibular nuclei
CN 8
Pons
20
Chronic nociceptive pain has associated maladaptive neuroplasticity.
True
False
21
Which muscular disease causes flaccidity or paralysis with destruction of only lower motor neuron cells?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
polio
spinal muscle atrophy
22
Which of the following would be considered the least challenging/least dynamic balance outcome measure?
Dynamic Gait Index
BESTest
Berg Balance Scale
Functional Gait Assessment
23
In order to have impaired force production of both the upper & lower limbs on the left side, the lesion has to be where?
Below the lower medulla on the right
Above the lower medulla on the right
Left pre-central gyrus
In the right lateral part of the spinal cord
24
decreased internal sense of gravity, difficulty walking on uneven surfaces, oscillopsia and typically no vertigo are ___
s/s of bilateral vestibular loss
s/s of unilateral vestibular loss
25
Identify an object by using information about the size, texture, weight, and temperature of an object
function of secondary somatosensory cortex
function of primary somatosensory cortex
26
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship of the neural tube to the vertebral column?
The spinal cord and the bony spinal column develop at same rate
At birth, the spinal cord is longer than the vertebral column
Developing spinal cord grows at a faster rate than vertebral column bones
Bones in vertebral column grow at faster rate than developing spinal cord
27
Upper motor neurons which synapse in the medial aspect of the ventral horn regulate:
Movements of face
Fractionated movement
Reflex arcs
Postural and girdle control
28
The primary pathology when a stroke occurs, regardless of whether it is an ischemic or hemorrhagic lesion is:
Cerebral edema
Cell death due to ischemia
Increased arterial blood flow
Hydrocephalus
29
Electrophysiologic testing is used for evaluation of neuromuscular disorders, especially disorders of the:
Peripheral nervous system
Central nervous system
Autonomic nervous system
30
mmm, see pic
impaired
absent
intact
normal
31
SEE PIC
Above the medulla on the right
C8 Anterior and lateral part of the spinal cord on the right
Lateral aspect of the spinal cord at T1 on the left
T1 lateral part of the spinal cord on the right
32
Lesion in the corticobrainstem tract on the right. What is the loss of function at the face for facial expressions?
Weakness of all facial expressions on the left
Weakness of all facial expression and paralysis of the left lower face
Weakness of all facial expressions on the left
33
the posterior limb of the internal capsule carries body sensory & motor, auditory and visual special senses
False
True
34
Which of the following signs/symptoms are considered a hallmark of encephalopathy?
expressive aphasia
spatial inattention
altered mental status
focal limb weakness
35
What is a function of the ventral visual pathway regarding a car in your vision?
Help you point to the car
Discriminate the size/shape of the car
Identify the object as a car
Identify if the car is a light or dark shade
36
During a neuromotor exam, the PT notes that the Babinski sign is + on the right. What other sign listed may be present?
hyperreflexia
hypotonia
fasciculations
significant muscle atrophy
37
see pic again
This indicates an inflammatory or autoimmune process
The patient is at risk for increased/excessive bleeding
The patient is at increased risk for infections
Exercise may be restricted or contraindicated
38
Which of the following are peripheral vestibular disorders?
BPPV, Vestibular Neuritis, & Meniere's disease
Brainstem CVA, Cerebellar CVA, or TIA
Concussion, TBI, ALS
39
What is the role of the vestibulo ocular reflex (VOR)?
controls conjugate eye movements for smooth pursuit
maintains the head and eyes moving in same direction when head is rotating
maintains gaze stability
connects the vestibular system & motor system for head movements & balance
40
Which of the following WOULD NOT be a sign/symptom consistent with Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity following a TBI?
sweating
tachycardia
hypotension
sweating
41
which impairment is NOT associated with UMN lesions
Loss of selective motor control
Weakness or paresis
Hyperreflexia
profound atrophy
42
see pic, sorry
concussion
diffuse axonal injury
hemorrhagic stroke
brain tumor
43
complete spinal cord lesion is when the patient has sensation and motor function at the S4-S5 level
True
False
44
___ carries the modality touch
A-beta
A-beta fiber
45
A chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease affecting the brain and spinal cord
Polio
Huntingtons disease
MS
Parkinsons Disease
46
Which structure orients the eyes and head to movement in peripheral vision as its function?
Superior colliculus in the midbrain
Ganglion cell in the optic nerve
Lateral geniculate nucleus in the thalamus
Primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe
47
Which pathway provides direct feedback to alter coordinated movement and postural control of the lower trunk and legs?
Lateral vestibulospinals
Posterior spinocerebellars
Medial corticospinals
48
what is the most appropriate standardized instrument that measures level of consciousness
Glasgow Comma Scale
Rancho Los Amigos Scale
Modified Ashworth Scale
Alert & Oriented x 4 assessment
49
The Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) is:
Performance based measure of dynamic balance
Performance based measure of static balance
Self report measure of balance confidence
Self report measure of avoidance behavior
50
Which movement causes maximal excitation of the left anterior and inhibition of the right posterior semi-circular canal?
Turning head from side to side
Looking down and to the left
Looking up and to the left
51
Inherited disorder: presents w/ a progressive type of movement dysfunction referred to as Chorea or Dystonia movements
Parkinsons Disease
Huntingtons disease
Polio
MS
52
reticulospinal tract function
postural control and walking patterning
regulates muscle stretch reflex
inhibition or excitation as a neurotransmitter
carries touch modality
53
The cell bodies of the neurons that control the foot are located in what part of the cerebral cortex?
Medial
Lateral
Superior
54
A patient has loss of touch to the right hand and most of the forearm. The lesion would have to be located where?
Lateral spinothalamic tract on the left
Medial lemniscus on the right
Fasciculus cuneatus on the right
Internal capsule on the right
55
What does the cerebellum do with unconscious proprioception from the body?
Compares it to the motor plan from the frontal lobe to adjust movement
Directly sends to lower motor neurons to alter timing
Use it to adjust the vestibular ocular reflex
56
see pic, too many words
high density of receptors
low density of receptors
larger receptive fields
57
Which of the following tests may PTs administer to a patient to assess their ability to identify an object by touch?
Proprioception
2-point discrimination
Stereognosis
Graphesthesia
