AP Psychology Cognition Part 1

Measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test

Persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words

Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically

Process of getting information into the memory system, ex. extracting meaning

Clear, sustained memory of an emotionally significant moment or event

Explicit memory of personally experienced events; one of two conscious memory systems

Process of getting information out of memory storage

Unconscious encoding of incidental information and well-learned information

Activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory

Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously in your brain

Increase in a cell's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation; neural basis for learning and memory

Process of retaining encoded information over time

Immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system

Tendency for distributed practice/study to yield better long-term retention than massed study or practice

Momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a picture-image memory that lasts less than a second

Retention of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare

Measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again

Relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system

Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield the best retention

Neural storage of a long-term memory

Activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten

Idea that cues and contexts specific to a particular memory will be most effective in helping us recall it

Neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories of facts and events for storage

Retention of learned skills or classically conditioned associations independent of conscious recollection

Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices

Measure of memory in which the person identifies items previously learned, as on a multiple choice test

Tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood

Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort

Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information

Explicit memory of facts and general knowledge; one of two conscious memory systems

Tendency to recall best (recency effect) and first (primacy effect) items in a list