Which factor is a major cause of global warming?

Increased burning of fossil fuels

Which is a characteristic of a natural self-sustaining ecosystem?

Materials are cycled between the organisms and their environment.

The similarities in development shown in the diagram suggest that these organisms

may have evolved from a common ancestor

The appearance of a recessive trait in offspring of animals most probably indicates that

both parents carried at least one recessive gene for that trait

Carrying capacity is best thought of as the amount of

organisms the ecosystem can support

In humans, a gene mutation results from a change in the

sequence of the nitrogenous bases in DNA

Hereditary information is stored inside the

nucleus, which has chromosomes that contain many genes

The region labeled A is made up of a section of

DNA that may direct protein synthesis

Carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere by

respiration in plants and animals

For these mammals, the number, position, and shape of the bones most likely indicates that they may have

developed from the same earlier species

A climax community is able to exist in a certain geographic region for a long period of time because it

remains in equilibrium with the environment

The characteristics of a developing fetus are most influenced by

gene combinations and their expression in the embryo

An ecosystem is not considered to be self-sustaining if

it lacks a constant supply of energy

Which statement indicates one difference between the genes that code for insulin and testosterone?

Insulin gene has different sequence of bases than testosterone gene

Which statement best explains the observation that clones from the same parent organism may not be identical?

Gene expression can be influenced by the environment.

Hereditary traits are transmitted from generation to generation by means of

specific sequences of bases in DNA in reproductive cells

A boy inherits genes for tallness, but his growth is limited as a result of poor nutrition. This is an example of

environmental influence on gene expression

Which concept was not included in Darwin's theory of evolution?

sorting out and recombination of genes

Which statement best describes evolution?

Evolution is a process of change through time.

One function of the placenta in a human is to

permit passage of nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the fetus

In ecology, a population is defined as all the

members of a single species inhabiting a given area

Extinction of a species could result from

limited genetic variability in the species

The science of ecology is best defined as the study of

the interactions of living organisms and their environment

Which statement best describes what would happen if a fire destroyed all the organisms in the climax stage?

Succession would begin again, leading to another climax stage

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Biology Semester 2 Review

95 termsStudBud Administration294 plays

Quiz covering units 5 (Reproduction & Development), 6 (Genetics & Heredity), 7 (Evolution), and 8 (Ecology)

Flashcards95 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 95

Answers

1
Which base pairings normally occur during DNA replication?
G-C, T-T
A-T, C-G
C-C, T-T
T-G, C-A
2
Which factor is a major cause of global warming?
Decreased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Increased number of green plants
Decreased mineral availability
Increased burning of fossil fuels
3
The study of the evolutionary relationships between these structures is known as comparative
biochemistry
embryology
cytology
anatomy
4
The similarities between these structures provide support for the concept of
reproductive isolation
acquired characteristics
survival of the fittest
common ancestry
5
A sequence of three nitrogenous bases in a messenger-RNA molecule is known as a
polypeptide
nucleotide
gene
codon
6
Which is a characteristic of a natural self-sustaining ecosystem?
No energy is lost at any feeding level.
Available energy is present in the producers, but not in the consumers.
The number of animals is greater than the number of plants.
Materials are cycled between the organisms and their environment.
7
The similarities in development shown in the diagram suggest that these organisms
have adaptations for the same environment as adults
all undergo external development
may have evolved from a common ancestor
are all members of the same species
8
The appearance of a recessive trait in offspring of animals most probably indicates that
one parent was homozygous dominant and the other parent was hybrid
both parents carried at least one recessive gene for that trait
one parent was homozygous dominant and the other was homozygous recessive
neither parent carried a recessie gene for that trait
9
Two genes located in corresponding positions on a pair of homologous chromosomes for the same traits are known as
gametes
zygotes
chromatids
alleles
10
Carrying capacity is best thought of as the amount of
light available for photosynthesis
organisms the ecosystem can support
abiotic factors present in an ecosystem
producers compared to consumers in the ecosystem
11
According to Charles Darwin, one factor that affects the evolution of a species is
Exposure to environmental pollutants
Survival of the fittest
Rapid fossil formation
Variation due to genetic mutations
12
For a given trait, the two genes of an allele pair are not alike. An individual possessing this gene combination is
homozygous for that trait
heterozygous for that trait
recessive for that trait
pure for that trait
13
In humans, a gene mutation results from a change in the
chromosome number in a sperm cell
sequence of sugars and phosphates in the DNA
chromosome number in an egg cell
sequence of the nitrogenous bases in DNA
14
Cloning an individual usually produces organisms that
produce completely different enzymes
are identical in behavior
contain identical genes
contain dangerous mutations
15
Which hormone does not directly regulate human reproductive cycles?
testosterone
insulin
progesterone
estrogen
16
Hereditary information is stored inside the
ribosomes, which have genes that contain many chromosomes
nucleus, which has genes that contain many chromosomes
nucleus, which has chromosomes that contain many genes
ribosomes, which have chromosomes that contain many genes
17
Which organisms break down substances in the environment to make them available to other organisms?
decomposers
herbivores
carnivores
producers
18
The region labeled A is made up of a section of
a protein that becomes an enzyme
glucose that may be copied to make DNA
DNA that may direct protein synthesis
a carbohydrate made from amino acids
19
Orchids grow on large trees. The orchids depend on the trees but do not harm them. This is
commensalism
saprophytism
parasitism
mutualism
20
Carbon dioxide is added to the atmosphere by
evaporation of water
photosynthesis in plants
respiration in animals only
respiration in plants and animals
21
For these mammals, the number, position, and shape of the bones most likely indicates that they may have
identical methods of obtaining food
developed from the same earlier species
identical genetic makeup
developed in a common environment
22
A climax community is able to exist in a certain geographic region for a long period of time because it
attracts many pioneer organisms
provides a habitat for parasites
remains in equilibrium with the environment
alters the climate of the geographic region
23
The characteristics of a developing fetus are most influenced by
milk production in the mother
hormone production by the father
circulating levels of white blood cells in the placenta
gene combinations and their expression in the embryo
24
An ecosystem is not considered to be self-sustaining if
cycling of materials occurs between organisms and their environment
some of its living systems incorporate energy into organic compounds
there is interaction between biotic and abiotic factors
it lacks a constant supply of energy
25
Which statement indicates one difference between the genes that code for insulin and testosterone?
Insulin gene has different sequence of bases than testosterone gene
Insulin gene turned on in liver cells, testosterone gene not
insulin gene uses 5 molecular bases while testosterone gene uses 4
Insulin gene reproduced in vacuoles, testosterone gene not
26
The primary function of estrogen and progesterone is to
regulate growth
monitor blood sugar levels
regulate reproductive cycles
control heart rate
27
Secondary consumers in this food chain include
Wheat plants and rabbits
Wheat plants and bats
Rabbits and coyotes
Coyotes and mosquitoes
28
In a given habitat, different species use the same limited resources. This situation usually leads to
competition
isolation
succession
segregation
29
A wolf in Alaska tends to attack and kill weak animals instead of strong ones. This represents part of
natural selection
geographic isolation
use and disuse
punctuated equilibrium
30
Which statement best explains the observation that clones from the same parent organism may not be identical?
Half of the genetic information in offspring comes from each parent.
Gene expression can be influenced by the environment.
Differentiated cells have different genes.
Events in meiosis result in variation.
31
Which base is normally used in the synthesis of RNA but not in the synthesis of DNA?
guanine
adenine
cytosine
uracil
32
Different species of animals in a community would most likely be similar in their
physical structure
number of offspring produced
abiotic requirements
size
33
Hereditary traits are transmitted from generation to generation by means of
carbohydrates in body cells
specific starches making up DNA in reproductive cells
proteins in body cells
specific sequences of bases in DNA in reproductive cells
34
In which zone does the greatest amount of food production occur?
A
C
D
B
35
A boy inherits genes for tallness, but his growth is limited as a result of poor nutrition. This is an example of
an inherited disorder
environmental influence on gene expression
a characteristic controlled by more than one pair of genes
expression of a hidden trait
36
Which ecological unit exists as an interdependent system made up of the physical environment and a living community?
habitat
ecosystem
food chain
population
37
Which type of reproduction results in the production of genetic copies?
Combination of sperm and egg
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
Meiosis and fertilization
38
Which concept was not included in Darwin's theory of evolution?
production of more offspring than can survive
struggle for survival between organisms
development of new species from a common ancestor
sorting out and recombination of genes
39
This sequence of diagrams best illustrates
a food chain
ecological succession
the effects of acid rain
organic evolution
40
Which statement best describes evolution?
Evolution often proceeds from complex to simpler organisms.
Evolution forces organisms to develop the characteristics they need.
Evolution is a predictable change from simple to complex organisms.
Evolution is a process of change through time.
41
Each of the bands in this diagram represents
Amino acids
Proteins
Enzymes
Genes
42
Which two bases are present in equal amounts in a double-stranded DNA molecule?
adenine and uracil
cytosine and urcail
cytosine and thymine
adenine and thymine
43
Some variations within species are the result of
asexual reproduction
sexual reproduction
vegetative propagation
mitosis
44
One function of the placenta in a human is to
act as the heart of the fetus, pumping blood until the fetus is born
surround the embryo and protect it from shock
permit passage of nutrients and oxygen from the mother to the fetus
allow for mixing of maternal blood and fetal blood
45
In ecology, a population is defined as all the
abiotic and biotic factors in a given location
members of a given genus inhabiting a given area
members of a single species inhabiting a given area
members of a single species in the biosphere
46
Extinction of a species could result from
limited genetic variability in the species
evolution of a type of behavior that produces greater reproductive success
synthesis of a hormone that controls cellular communication
fewer unfavorable mutations in the species
47
Which cell process occurs only in organisms that reproduce sexually?
mitosis
mutation
meiosis
replication
48
The science of ecology is best defined as the study of
the interactions of living organisms and their environment
weather and its effects on food production in the ocean
technology and its effects on society
the classification of plants and animals
49
The level represented by X is composed of
four types of base subunits
twenty different amino acids
folded chains of glucose molecules
complex, energy-rich inorganic molecules
50
Which statement best describes what would happen if a fire destroyed all the organisms in the climax stage?
Grasses would become the dominant plants in a new climax stage
Drought-resistant shrubs and succulent plants would replace climax stage
The shrub stage would become extinct
Succession would begin again, leading to another climax stage
51
The primary source of energy for most ecosystems is
carbon dioxide
sunlight
animal proteins
radioactivity
52
Which statement describes how two organisms may show the same trait yet have different genotypes for that phenotype?
One is homozygous dominant and the other is homozygous recessive
Both are heterozygous for the dominant trait
Both are homozygous for the dominant trait
One is homozygous dominant and the other is heterozygous
53
An abiotic component of the biosphere is represented by the
mushroms in a cave in the Catskill mountains
annual range of temperatures in a lake in New York State
population of deer in a forest at the close of the hunting season
interactions of insect species in a cornfield
54
Which statement is not part of the concept of natural selection?
Individuals that have the most favorable variations will reproduce most
Genes of an individual adapt to a changing environment
More individuals are produced than will survive
Variation occurs between individuals in a population
55
When two different species live in the same environment and use the same resources, which interaction will occur?
mutualism
competition
cooperation
commensalism
56
Which process will increase variations that could be inherited?
Recombination of genes
Active transport
Synthesis of proteins
Mitotic cell division
57
Nitrogen is both removed from the atmosphere and returned to the atmosphere by the activities of
animals only
bacteria
plants only
plants and animals
58
The sex of a person depends on
Whether the unfertilized egg contains an X or a Y chromosome
The genetic makeup of autosomes found in the sperm cell
The genetic makeup of autosomes found in the egg cell
Whether the sperm that fertilizes the egg contains an X or a Y chromosome
59
Which organisms in the diagram below are components of the same food chain?
trees, rabbit, deer, shrubs
trees, mountain lion, snake, hawk
grasses, cricket, frog, mouse
grasses, mouse, snake, hawk
60
Which series is arranged in correct order according to decreasing size of structures?
chromosome, nucleus, nitrogenous base, nucleotide, DNA
DNA, nucleus, chromosome, nucleotide, nitrogenous base
nucleotide, chromosome, nitrogenous base, nucleus, DNA
nucleus, chromosome, DNA, nucleotide, nitrogenous base
61
The gene for insulin from human cells has been inserted into bacteria. The bacteria will now produce
enzymes that digest insulin
antibodies against insulin
a new type of insulin
human insulin
62
Which factor would cause two specialized tissues that contain identical chromosomes to function differently?
All of the sections of DNA are activated
All of the amino acid molecules in the cytoplasm are activated
Specific sections of amino acids in the cytoplasm are activated
Specific sections of DNA are activated
63
Biodiversity in an ecosystem is important because it
provides stability to the ecosystem
slows down the pace at which species evolve
limits the amount of variation among organisms
allows one species to dominate over the others in its habitat
64
Which observation provides the best evidence that two different animals most likely have a common ancestor?
They choose the same plants for food.
They both inhabit the same environment.
They both burrow into the ground for shelter.
They have similarities in early embryonic development.
65
A normal human egg cell contains
44 autosomes and XY chromosomes
22 autosomes and one Y-chromosome
22 autosomes and one X chromosome
44 autosomes and XX chromosomes
66
Mitosis normally results in
four cells with different genes from the parent
two cells with only one gene from each parent
two cells with identical genes as the parent
one cell with no chromosomes
67
Which term includes the three terms that follow it?
Community: ecosystem, organism, population
Ecosystem: organism, population, community
Organism: ecosystem, community, population
Population: community, ecosystem, organism
68
Most of the hereditary information that determines the traits of an organism is located in
the numerous ribosomes in certain cells
the nuclei of body cells of an individual
only those cells of an individual produced by meiosis
certain genes in the vacuoles of body cells
69
What concept does the diagram below represent?
the reduction in energy at each successive feeding level of a food chain
the relative elevation of different organisms living at high altitudes
the direct relationship between abiotic and biotic factors in an ecosystem
the imbalance in ecosystems caused by low numbers of carnivores
70
Which statement is not included as part of the modern theory of evolution?
Sexual reproduction and mutation provide variation among organisms.
More offspring are produced than can possibly survive.
New organs arise when they are needed.
Traits are transmitted by genes and chromosomes.
71
In an ecological succession in New York State, lichens growing on bare rock are considered to be
climax species
decomposers
pioneer organisms
primary consumers
72
In the diagram of the female reproductive system, which structure is correctly paired with its function?
3 - produces and releases the egg cell
1 - nourishes a developing embryo
5 - provides the usual site for fertilization
4 - releases estrogen and progesterone
73
Which statement describes one characteristic of this molecule?
It is the template for the replication of genetic information
organic catalysts are made up of these molecules
it is different in each cell of an organism
cell membranes contain many of these molecules
74
Since the time of Darwin, increased knowledge of heredity has resulted in
disagreement with Mendel's discoveries
the addition of use and disuse to Lamarck's theory
increased support for the theory of natural selection
the elimination of all previous evolutionary theories
75
When dark-bodied flies are crossed with light-bodied flies, all of the offspring are light-bodied. This demonstrates
dominance
incomplete dominance
segregation
independent assortment
76
The genetic code for one amino acid molecule consists of
five sugar molecules
four hydrogen bonds
three nucleotides
two phosphates
77
Two plants that grow in the same location and require the same resources would most likely compete for the same
population
climax fauna
biological control
niche
78
Some organisms living in a vacant lot include rye grass, dandelions, grasshoppers, and shrews. These represent
an ecosystem
a community
a population
a biome
79
Which components of the food web are indicated by letters A, B, and C?
A - producers; B - primary consumers; C - secondary consumers
A - primary consumers; B - producers; C - secondary consumers
A - primary consumers; B - secondary consumers; C - producers
A - producers; B - secondary consumers; C - decomposers
80
The most likely result of this process is
an increase in the chromosome number of the organism
a new combination of inheritable traits that can appear in the offspring
a loss of genetic information that will produce a genetic disorder
an inability to pass these chromosomes to the offspring
81
Which statement illustrates how human activities can most directly change the dynamic equilibrium of an ecosystem?
A hurricane causes a stream to overflow its banks.
Water pollution causes a decrease in fish populations in a river.
Increased wind increases water evaporation from a plant.
The ozone shield helps prevent radiation from reaching Earth's surface.
82
Which inference can correctly be made from the diagram?
The fossils in layer A are older than those in layer C.
The fossils in layer C are older than those in layer A.
The fossils in layer A are older than those in layer B.
The fossils in layer B are older than those in layer C.
83
Which statement represents the major concept of the biological theory of evolution?
Present-day organisms developed from earlier, different organisms
Every location on earth's surface has its own unique group of organisms
Every period of Earth's history has its own group of organisms.
A new species moves into a habitat when another species goes extinct
84
All of the different species within an ecosystem are collectively referred to as the
consumers
population
niche
community
85
If anatomical structures change in some species of organisms over a long period of time, these changes may contribute to
transmission of acquired characteristics
fossil formation
water pollution in an area
evolution, leading to a new species
86
Nitrogenous wastes in the soil are broken down as a result of the action of
omnivores
herbivores
decomposers
autotrophs
87
In order for new species to develop, there must be a change in the
genetic makeup of a population
migration patterns within a population
rate of succession in the environment
temperature of the environment
88
If a structural gene in an organism's genome is comprised of 29% guanine, what percentage is comprised of cytosine?
19%
21%
Cannot be determined
29%
89
If all the snakes are removed, which change, if any, would most likely occur?
The number of insect larvae would decrease.
The number of nematodes would increase.
The number of centipedes would decrease.
No change would occur.
90
DNA and RNA molecules are similar in that they both contain
thymine
nucleotides
deoxyribose
a double helix
91
The first organism in a food chain must be
an autotroph
a saprophyte
an herbivore
a heterotroph
92
Gel electrophoresis is used to separate DNA fragments based on the basis of their
chromosomes
size
color
functions
93
Which of these is the most positive human action for the environment?
Burning of fossil fuels
Recycling of materials such as plastics
Depletion of nutrients from the soil
Excess pollution being added to the air
94
A food web best illustrates the
amount of food needed by organisms in a terrestrial biome
role of carnivores in recycling environmental resources
dependence of autotrophs on the abiotic factors in an ecosystem
pathway of energy through the living components of an ecosystem
95
The sequence of amino acids in horse hemoglobin is very similar to the sequence in human hemoglobin. This is
Comparative biochemistry
Comparative cytology
Comparative anatomy
Comparative embryology

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