One reason we see relatively little genetic variation among human regional populations is that:

humans migrated out of Africa so recently, not enough time for variation

Which of the following is an example of neoteny?

relatively little body hair on adult humans

Two species of frog mate in the same pond. One breeds in early summer and one in late summer. This is an example of what

pre-zygotic, temporal separation

Which of the following may be a characteristic of a beneficial mutation?

It facilitates successful reproduction.

Which molecular detail can be used to construct phylogenetic histories?

All of these choices are correct.

Which of the following is an example of stabilizing selection?

selection for average birth weight in humans

Other animals, including chimpanzees, have culture, but their culture is limited relative to the human version. Why?

Because we are more adept at learning and at imitation than other species

A drawback of the biological species concept is that it CANNOT be applied to:

All of these choices are correct.

How do mass extinction events influence subsequent species composition and diversity?

by reducing competition among surviving organisms

Which is a major trend in the evolution of modern humans?

All of these choices are correct.

What does it mean to say that humans are neotenous?

that humans in their adult state resemble juvenile chimpanzees

At the genetic level, evolution is:

a change in the frequency of an allele or genotype over time.

Which is an advantage of using the fossil record to obtain information about our evolutionary history?

Fossil record gives examples of extinct intermediate stages of evolution

Why do we think that male Neanderthals mated with non-African ancestral Homo sapiens?

N. nuclear DNA is present in human gene pool, N. mtDNA is not.

Which of the following are NOT events in which genetic drift may play a key role?

All of these choices are correct.

Phylogenetic trees can be built using:

anatomical data or molecular data.

The fossil Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis) is significant bc at ___ years old hers is the first hominin species to ___

1.3 million; migrate out of Africa

What does it mean when it is said that the tree of human evolution is shallow?

all humans, no matter how distantly related, share a recent common ancestor

Which of the following is a process that is unique to (or only found in) humans?

None of the answer options is correct.

Nonadaptive mechanisms of evolutionary change are:

migration (gene flow), mutation, and genetic drift.

Allele frequency can be measured using what technique?

All of these choices are correct.

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Bio 2150 Exam 1 Review

74 termsStudBud Administration118 plays

Imported from external platform

Flashcards74 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 74

Answers

1
Reinforcement refers to the development of _____-zygotic factors and is typically more rapid in species living in ___
post; sympatry
pre; sympatry
post; allopatry
pre; allopatry
2
A population experiencing genetic drift will be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
True
False
3
The convergent evolution of lactose tolerance in Europe and Africa is evidence that _____ can drive biological evolution
genetic drift
cultural evolution
mutation
recombination
4
_____ is a special case of explosive speciation, new species form rapidly in response to many “open” ecological niches
Adaptive radiation
Allopatric speciation
Co-speciation
Peripatric speciation
5
Among the organisms listed below, which is MOST likely to be fossilized?
house flies
clam
jellyfish
earthworm
6
One reason we see relatively little genetic variation among human regional populations is that:
extensive migration among human populations has homogenized gene pools.
humans migrated out of Africa so recently, not enough time for variation
extensive convergent evolution has homogenized gene pools.
genetic drift has reduced variation in most regional populations over time.
7
Individual populations cannot be included as separate taxa in a phylogenetic tree.
True
False
8
Population genetic studies of humans show a significant amount of variation across all humans.
False
True
9
Speciation always involves geographical separation of some kind between the two organisms.
True
False
10
The longer two species have been separated, the greater the number of genetic differences between them.
True
False
11
Which of the following is an example of neoteny?
dying graying hair blond
relatively little body hair on adult humans
opposable thumbs
bipedal locomotion of adult humans
12
Only homologous characters are useful in constructing phylogenetic trees.
True
False
13
Two species of frog mate in the same pond. One breeds in early summer and one in late summer. This is an example of what
pre-zygotic, behavioral isolation
pre-zygotic, temporal separation
post-zygotic, temporal separation
pre-zygotic, ecological separation
14
Which of the following may be a characteristic of a beneficial mutation?
It facilitates successful reproduction.
It has no effect on phenotype.
It decreases an organism's fitness.
It decreases lifetime reproductive output.
15
Which molecular detail can be used to construct phylogenetic histories?
All of these choices are correct.
amino acids
individual nucleotides
RNA
16
Which of the following is an example of stabilizing selection?
selection for average birth weight in humans
antibiotic resistance in bacteria
decrease in the # of birds w/ intermediate-sized beaks who can't eat seeds
breeding dogs from wolves
17
Other animals, including chimpanzees, have culture, but their culture is limited relative to the human version. Why?
Because cultural transmission serves no particular evolutionary advantage
Because cultural evolution cannot occur in species other than our own
Because we are more adept at learning and at imitation than other species
Because chimpanzees are limited to forest habitats
18
A drawback of the biological species concept is that it CANNOT be applied to:
highly polymorphic species.
All of these choices are correct.
extinct and asexual organisms.
populations of a single species living in different places.
19
Which of the following hypotheses is the MOST current and accepted one with regard to modern human origins?
the convergent hypothesis
the single regional hypothesis
the multiregional hypothesis
the out-of-Africa hypothesis
20
Natural selection is always the driving force of speciation.
False
True
21
Which phylogenetic group includes all descendants of a common ancestor and only the descendants of that ancestor?
polyphyletic
genus
paraphyletic
monophyletic
22
In general, sympatric speciation requires the action of _____ selection acting against hybrids.
directional
stabilizing
disruptive
artificial
23
How do mass extinction events influence subsequent species composition and diversity?
by immediately increasing species diversity
by reducing competition among surviving organisms
by permanently altering climate
by eliminating smaller organisms instead of larger organisms
24
Organisms in the same family will all be from the same genus.
False
True
25
Phylogenetic trees represent hypotheses about the evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms.
True
False
26
Post-zygotic reproductive isolation may be due to temporal or ecological separation.
True
False
27
Speciation requires that two populations become _____ isolated from each other.
reproductively
temporally
behaviorally
geographically
28
Which is a major trend in the evolution of modern humans?
body size increase
thumb dexterity increase
All of these choices are correct.
cranium size increase
29
What does it mean to say that humans are neotenous?
that humans take longer to reach sexual maturity
that humans in their juvenile state resemble adult chimpanzees
that humans reach sexual maturity quicker than chimpanzees
that humans in their adult state resemble juvenile chimpanzees
30
Becoming bipedal requires more anatomical changes than simply being able to stand on hind legs.
True
False
31
At the genetic level, evolution is:
an increase in fitness over time.
a population change over time.
a change in fitness over time.
a change in the frequency of an allele or genotype over time.
32
Which type of selection INCREASES overall genetic variation in a population?
disruptive selection
directional selection
None of the above
stabilizing selection
33
Which is an advantage of using the fossil record to obtain information about our evolutionary history?
There is no advantage.
Gives us confirmation that Neanderthals were the first bipedal humans.
The fossil record gives us the information necessary to define species.
Fossil record gives examples of extinct intermediate stages of evolution
34
Why do we think that male Neanderthals mated with non-African ancestral Homo sapiens?
N. mtDNA sequences are present in human gene pool and N. nuclear DNA isn't.
N. nuclear DNA is present in human gene pool, N. mtDNA is not.
Both N. nuclear and mtDNA are present in modern human gene pool.
Neither N. nuclear and mtDNA are present in modern human gene pool.
35
Which of the following are NOT events in which genetic drift may play a key role?
migration
bottleneck effect
All of these choices are correct.
founder event
36
Phylogenetic trees can be built using:
anatomical data or molecular data.
anatomical data.
molecular data.
visible characteristics only.
37
“Hominins” refers to members of all the different species in the lineage leading to humans.
False
True
38
The fossil Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis) is significant bc at ___ years old hers is the first hominin species to ___
20 million; have been fully bipedal
600,000; have hominin brow ridges
1.3 million; have hominin brow ridges
1.3 million; migrate out of Africa
39
What does it mean when it is said that the tree of human evolution is shallow?
only humans that have same ethnicity will share a recent common ancestor
all humans, no matter how distantly related, share a recent common ancestor
that only humans on the same continent will share a recent common ancestor
that humans haven't evolved much
40
What does the term 2pq represent in the Hardy-Weinberg relation?
the frequency of heterozygotes
the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
the frequency of deleterious mutations
the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals
41
_____ was the first hominin to leave Africa and did so around _____ million years ago.
Australopithecus afarensis; 3.2
Homo ergaster (H. erectus); 2
H. neanderthalensis; 0.6
Ardipithecus ramidus; 4
42
The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called a:
taxonomy.
morphology.
phylogeny.
fossil.
43
Which of the following is a process that is unique to (or only found in) humans?
language
None of the answer options is correct.
consciousness
culture
44
Nonadaptive mechanisms of evolutionary change are:
migration (gene flow), sexual selection, and genetic drift.
migration (gene flow), mutation, and genetic drift.
mutation, sexual selection, and genetic drift.
migration (gene flow), balancing selection, and genetic drift.
45
Two individuals of opposite sex are members of the same species if they:
they share genetic information.
can produce fertile offspring.
look similar.
similarly.
46
Some cases of hybridization that lead to instantaneous speciation result in alteration of chromosomal number.
False
True
47
All of the genetic differences between humans and chimpanzees are responsible for making us human.
False
True
48
A taxon that does NOT include the last common ancestor of all its members is a _____ group.
polyphyletic
monophyletic
paraphyletic
none of the above
49
. Mammals are _____ organisms, whereas plants may be _____.
haploid; diploid
haploid; polyploid
diploid; haploid
diploid; polyploid
50
Unlike the biological species concept, the morphospecies concept relies on:
offspring.
phenotype.
behavior.
physiology.
51
Allele frequency can be measured using what technique?
gel electrophoresis
observation of phenotype
DNA sequencing
All of these choices are correct.
52
Which of the following describes reinforcement of reproductive isolation?
the ability to identify + preferentially mate w/ only members of same pop.
the physical separation of two populations with diverging characteristics
an outbreak of disease that wipes out one of the two populations
the reduced fitness of hybrid offspring
53
What is one aspect of human language that differentiates it from other animals' forms of communication?
human language can convey several pieces of information in one interaction
a universal grammar
different sounds having different meanings
other animals only communicate about food
54
If two populations are thought to be diverging from one another, what would you expect to observe?
more shared mutations in different populations
an accumulation of different mutations in different populations
an increase in similarity of alleles coding for proteins
the same genotypes, but different phenotypes
55
Which of the following statements describes Neanderthals?
They are believed to have given rise to Homo sapiens.
They were the first bipedal hominins discovered.
They are also called Cro-Magnons for the site where they were discovered
They are a species thats closely related to but distinct from Homo sapiens
56
What evolutionary force definitely did NOT contribute to the obvious differences between races?
genetic drift
gene flow
natural selection
sexual selection
57
In general, males and females of the same species can produce fertile offspring.
True
False
58
You would expect similar species with a different # of chromosomes to be genetically compatible + able to reproduce
False
True
59
When you use a field guide to identify a species by its appearance, you are applying the _____ concept.
morphospecies
evolutionary species
ecological species
biological species
60
The BSC states that species are actually or potentially _____ populations that are reproductively isolated from others
physically similar
naturally selected
cohabitating
interbreeding
61
Which of the following is NOT an anatomical change that would be associated with a transition from four to two legs?
wider stance
narrower human foot
S-shaped spine
repositioned foramen magnum
62
All the alleles present in all individuals in a species are referred to as the _____ of that species.
genotype frequency
allele frequency
gene pool
genotype
63
According to the multiregional hypothesis of human origins, modern H. sapiens evolved by _____ from _____ of H. ergaster
adaptive radiation; a single Old World population
allopatric speciation; a single Old World population
convergent evolution; multiple Old World populations
allopatric speciation; multiple Old World populations
64
Why is it likely that MOST speciation is allopatric?
Because gene flow between diverging populations is strong in allopatry.
Related species are always found in allopatry rather than in sympatry
Because vicariance events are common.
Gene flow between populations prevents genetic divergence in sympatry
65
Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of phylogenetics?
Phylogenetics looks for patterns of relatedness.
Phylogenetics names species, genus, order, class, phylum, and kingdom.
Phylogenetics compares anatomical or molecular features.
Looks for patterns of relatedness, compares anatomical/molecular features
66
What is a disadvantage of using fossils to reconstruct phylogenetic history?
Fossils are a physical record of organismal structure.
Fossils reveal relatedness.
Fossils yield information about the timing and order of events in the past.
The probability that an organism will be fossilized varies among species
67
Which of the following characteristics separates primates from other mammals?
Primates all have tails, whereas other mammals do not.
Primates are all placental animals, whereas other mammals are not.
Primates have nails instead of claws.
Primates are the only mammals that have eyes on the front of the face.
68
It is difficult to apply the biological species concept to bacteria because:
bacteria are haploid.
bacteria are found everywhere, there are no individual populations/species
bacteria are not considered species bc they lack morphological variation.
bacterial reproduction is asexual.
69
The tips of the branches on a phylogenetic tree represent:
analogies.
common ancestors.
present-day groups or extinct taxa.
sister groups.
70
Why do we only see Neanderthal input in non-African genomes?
Neanderthals were adapted to a cold European climate.
Only mtDNA can be transmitted from Neanderthal genomes.
Only Y chromosome DNA can be transmitted from Neanderthal genomes.
Neanderthals never interbred with Homo sapiens in Africa.
71
The order of groups along the tips of a phylogenetic tree indicates how closely those groups are related.
False
True
72
An example of a phenotypic trait that allows identification of the genetic variation coding for the phenotype is:
human height.
human blood type.
human skin color.
human sprinting speed.
73
A population that exhibits only one allele at a particular gene is:
experiencing natural selection.
undergoing evolution.
fixed for that allele.
in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
74
Seals and penguins both have streamlined body forms that allow them to move through water efficiently. This similarity:
result of shared ancestry.
result of homology.
result of convergent evolution.
result of phylogeny

Bio 2150 Exam 1 Review Flashcards | StudBud

Bio 2150 Exam 1 Review

74 termsStudBud Administration118 plays

Imported from external platform

Flashcards74 cardsFPractice quizPHost liveL

Questions 74

Answers

1
Reinforcement refers to the development of _____-zygotic factors and is typically more rapid in species living in ___
post; sympatry
pre; sympatry
post; allopatry
pre; allopatry
2
A population experiencing genetic drift will be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
True
False
3
The convergent evolution of lactose tolerance in Europe and Africa is evidence that _____ can drive biological evolution
genetic drift
cultural evolution
mutation
recombination
4
_____ is a special case of explosive speciation, new species form rapidly in response to many “open” ecological niches
Adaptive radiation
Allopatric speciation
Co-speciation
Peripatric speciation
5
Among the organisms listed below, which is MOST likely to be fossilized?
house flies
clam
jellyfish
earthworm
6
One reason we see relatively little genetic variation among human regional populations is that:
extensive migration among human populations has homogenized gene pools.
humans migrated out of Africa so recently, not enough time for variation
extensive convergent evolution has homogenized gene pools.
genetic drift has reduced variation in most regional populations over time.
7
Individual populations cannot be included as separate taxa in a phylogenetic tree.
True
False
8
Population genetic studies of humans show a significant amount of variation across all humans.
False
True
9
Speciation always involves geographical separation of some kind between the two organisms.
True
False
10
The longer two species have been separated, the greater the number of genetic differences between them.
True
False
11
Which of the following is an example of neoteny?
dying graying hair blond
relatively little body hair on adult humans
opposable thumbs
bipedal locomotion of adult humans
12
Only homologous characters are useful in constructing phylogenetic trees.
True
False
13
Two species of frog mate in the same pond. One breeds in early summer and one in late summer. This is an example of what
pre-zygotic, behavioral isolation
pre-zygotic, temporal separation
post-zygotic, temporal separation
pre-zygotic, ecological separation
14
Which of the following may be a characteristic of a beneficial mutation?
It facilitates successful reproduction.
It has no effect on phenotype.
It decreases an organism's fitness.
It decreases lifetime reproductive output.
15
Which molecular detail can be used to construct phylogenetic histories?
All of these choices are correct.
amino acids
individual nucleotides
RNA
16
Which of the following is an example of stabilizing selection?
selection for average birth weight in humans
antibiotic resistance in bacteria
decrease in the # of birds w/ intermediate-sized beaks who can't eat seeds
breeding dogs from wolves
17
Other animals, including chimpanzees, have culture, but their culture is limited relative to the human version. Why?
Because cultural transmission serves no particular evolutionary advantage
Because cultural evolution cannot occur in species other than our own
Because we are more adept at learning and at imitation than other species
Because chimpanzees are limited to forest habitats
18
A drawback of the biological species concept is that it CANNOT be applied to:
highly polymorphic species.
All of these choices are correct.
extinct and asexual organisms.
populations of a single species living in different places.
19
Which of the following hypotheses is the MOST current and accepted one with regard to modern human origins?
the convergent hypothesis
the single regional hypothesis
the multiregional hypothesis
the out-of-Africa hypothesis
20
Natural selection is always the driving force of speciation.
False
True
21
Which phylogenetic group includes all descendants of a common ancestor and only the descendants of that ancestor?
polyphyletic
genus
paraphyletic
monophyletic
22
In general, sympatric speciation requires the action of _____ selection acting against hybrids.
directional
stabilizing
disruptive
artificial
23
How do mass extinction events influence subsequent species composition and diversity?
by immediately increasing species diversity
by reducing competition among surviving organisms
by permanently altering climate
by eliminating smaller organisms instead of larger organisms
24
Organisms in the same family will all be from the same genus.
False
True
25
Phylogenetic trees represent hypotheses about the evolutionary relationships among groups of organisms.
True
False
26
Post-zygotic reproductive isolation may be due to temporal or ecological separation.
True
False
27
Speciation requires that two populations become _____ isolated from each other.
reproductively
temporally
behaviorally
geographically
28
Which is a major trend in the evolution of modern humans?
body size increase
thumb dexterity increase
All of these choices are correct.
cranium size increase
29
What does it mean to say that humans are neotenous?
that humans take longer to reach sexual maturity
that humans in their juvenile state resemble adult chimpanzees
that humans reach sexual maturity quicker than chimpanzees
that humans in their adult state resemble juvenile chimpanzees
30
Becoming bipedal requires more anatomical changes than simply being able to stand on hind legs.
True
False
31
At the genetic level, evolution is:
an increase in fitness over time.
a population change over time.
a change in fitness over time.
a change in the frequency of an allele or genotype over time.
32
Which type of selection INCREASES overall genetic variation in a population?
disruptive selection
directional selection
None of the above
stabilizing selection
33
Which is an advantage of using the fossil record to obtain information about our evolutionary history?
There is no advantage.
Gives us confirmation that Neanderthals were the first bipedal humans.
The fossil record gives us the information necessary to define species.
Fossil record gives examples of extinct intermediate stages of evolution
34
Why do we think that male Neanderthals mated with non-African ancestral Homo sapiens?
N. mtDNA sequences are present in human gene pool and N. nuclear DNA isn't.
N. nuclear DNA is present in human gene pool, N. mtDNA is not.
Both N. nuclear and mtDNA are present in modern human gene pool.
Neither N. nuclear and mtDNA are present in modern human gene pool.
35
Which of the following are NOT events in which genetic drift may play a key role?
migration
bottleneck effect
All of these choices are correct.
founder event
36
Phylogenetic trees can be built using:
anatomical data or molecular data.
anatomical data.
molecular data.
visible characteristics only.
37
“Hominins” refers to members of all the different species in the lineage leading to humans.
False
True
38
The fossil Lucy (Australopithecus afarensis) is significant bc at ___ years old hers is the first hominin species to ___
20 million; have been fully bipedal
600,000; have hominin brow ridges
1.3 million; have hominin brow ridges
1.3 million; migrate out of Africa
39
What does it mean when it is said that the tree of human evolution is shallow?
only humans that have same ethnicity will share a recent common ancestor
all humans, no matter how distantly related, share a recent common ancestor
that only humans on the same continent will share a recent common ancestor
that humans haven't evolved much
40
What does the term 2pq represent in the Hardy-Weinberg relation?
the frequency of heterozygotes
the frequency of homozygous dominant individuals
the frequency of deleterious mutations
the frequency of homozygous recessive individuals
41
_____ was the first hominin to leave Africa and did so around _____ million years ago.
Australopithecus afarensis; 3.2
Homo ergaster (H. erectus); 2
H. neanderthalensis; 0.6
Ardipithecus ramidus; 4
42
The evolutionary history of a group of organisms is called a:
taxonomy.
morphology.
phylogeny.
fossil.
43
Which of the following is a process that is unique to (or only found in) humans?
language
None of the answer options is correct.
consciousness
culture
44
Nonadaptive mechanisms of evolutionary change are:
migration (gene flow), sexual selection, and genetic drift.
migration (gene flow), mutation, and genetic drift.
mutation, sexual selection, and genetic drift.
migration (gene flow), balancing selection, and genetic drift.
45
Two individuals of opposite sex are members of the same species if they:
they share genetic information.
can produce fertile offspring.
look similar.
similarly.
46
Some cases of hybridization that lead to instantaneous speciation result in alteration of chromosomal number.
False
True
47
All of the genetic differences between humans and chimpanzees are responsible for making us human.
False
True
48
A taxon that does NOT include the last common ancestor of all its members is a _____ group.
polyphyletic
monophyletic
paraphyletic
none of the above
49
. Mammals are _____ organisms, whereas plants may be _____.
haploid; diploid
haploid; polyploid
diploid; haploid
diploid; polyploid
50
Unlike the biological species concept, the morphospecies concept relies on:
offspring.
phenotype.
behavior.
physiology.
51
Allele frequency can be measured using what technique?
gel electrophoresis
observation of phenotype
DNA sequencing
All of these choices are correct.
52
Which of the following describes reinforcement of reproductive isolation?
the ability to identify + preferentially mate w/ only members of same pop.
the physical separation of two populations with diverging characteristics
an outbreak of disease that wipes out one of the two populations
the reduced fitness of hybrid offspring
53
What is one aspect of human language that differentiates it from other animals' forms of communication?
human language can convey several pieces of information in one interaction
a universal grammar
different sounds having different meanings
other animals only communicate about food
54
If two populations are thought to be diverging from one another, what would you expect to observe?
more shared mutations in different populations
an accumulation of different mutations in different populations
an increase in similarity of alleles coding for proteins
the same genotypes, but different phenotypes
55
Which of the following statements describes Neanderthals?
They are believed to have given rise to Homo sapiens.
They were the first bipedal hominins discovered.
They are also called Cro-Magnons for the site where they were discovered
They are a species thats closely related to but distinct from Homo sapiens
56
What evolutionary force definitely did NOT contribute to the obvious differences between races?
genetic drift
gene flow
natural selection
sexual selection
57
In general, males and females of the same species can produce fertile offspring.
True
False
58
You would expect similar species with a different # of chromosomes to be genetically compatible + able to reproduce
False
True
59
When you use a field guide to identify a species by its appearance, you are applying the _____ concept.
morphospecies
evolutionary species
ecological species
biological species
60
The BSC states that species are actually or potentially _____ populations that are reproductively isolated from others
physically similar
naturally selected
cohabitating
interbreeding
61
Which of the following is NOT an anatomical change that would be associated with a transition from four to two legs?
wider stance
narrower human foot
S-shaped spine
repositioned foramen magnum
62
All the alleles present in all individuals in a species are referred to as the _____ of that species.
genotype frequency
allele frequency
gene pool
genotype
63
According to the multiregional hypothesis of human origins, modern H. sapiens evolved by _____ from _____ of H. ergaster
adaptive radiation; a single Old World population
allopatric speciation; a single Old World population
convergent evolution; multiple Old World populations
allopatric speciation; multiple Old World populations
64
Why is it likely that MOST speciation is allopatric?
Because gene flow between diverging populations is strong in allopatry.
Related species are always found in allopatry rather than in sympatry
Because vicariance events are common.
Gene flow between populations prevents genetic divergence in sympatry
65
Which of the following BEST describes the purpose of phylogenetics?
Phylogenetics looks for patterns of relatedness.
Phylogenetics names species, genus, order, class, phylum, and kingdom.
Phylogenetics compares anatomical or molecular features.
Looks for patterns of relatedness, compares anatomical/molecular features
66
What is a disadvantage of using fossils to reconstruct phylogenetic history?
Fossils are a physical record of organismal structure.
Fossils reveal relatedness.
Fossils yield information about the timing and order of events in the past.
The probability that an organism will be fossilized varies among species
67
Which of the following characteristics separates primates from other mammals?
Primates all have tails, whereas other mammals do not.
Primates are all placental animals, whereas other mammals are not.
Primates have nails instead of claws.
Primates are the only mammals that have eyes on the front of the face.
68
It is difficult to apply the biological species concept to bacteria because:
bacteria are haploid.
bacteria are found everywhere, there are no individual populations/species
bacteria are not considered species bc they lack morphological variation.
bacterial reproduction is asexual.
69
The tips of the branches on a phylogenetic tree represent:
analogies.
common ancestors.
present-day groups or extinct taxa.
sister groups.
70
Why do we only see Neanderthal input in non-African genomes?
Neanderthals were adapted to a cold European climate.
Only mtDNA can be transmitted from Neanderthal genomes.
Only Y chromosome DNA can be transmitted from Neanderthal genomes.
Neanderthals never interbred with Homo sapiens in Africa.
71
The order of groups along the tips of a phylogenetic tree indicates how closely those groups are related.
False
True
72
An example of a phenotypic trait that allows identification of the genetic variation coding for the phenotype is:
human height.
human blood type.
human skin color.
human sprinting speed.
73
A population that exhibits only one allele at a particular gene is:
experiencing natural selection.
undergoing evolution.
fixed for that allele.
in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
74
Seals and penguins both have streamlined body forms that allow them to move through water efficiently. This similarity:
result of shared ancestry.
result of homology.
result of convergent evolution.
result of phylogeny