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Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
Duplicate of AP Psychology - AP Exam Review
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A basic review over all material covered in AP Psychology used to prepare for the AP Exam.
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Questions
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Answers
1
Homeostasis is a state of...
psychological stability
physiological stability
physiological instability
psychological instability
2
What is somnambulism?
difficulty breathing when asleep
sleep-talking
difficulty remaining asleep
sleep-walking
3
Diffusion of responsibility refers to the...
basis for performing pro-social behavior
halo effect in aggression
assumption others will take responsibility;bystander effect
loss of identity one experiences in mob violence
4
Widely held beliefs about groups of people based on their group membership defines...
stereotypes
schematizing
cultural direction
cognitive structuring
5
PTSD is an example of what kind of disorder?
personality
schizophrenic
anxiety
mood
6
Common side effects of ____ include mood swings, aggression, and impaired mental functioning.
narcotics
alcohol
sedatives
cannabis
7
The fundamental attribution error leads observers to attribute crime in poor neighborhoods to..
poor police protection
crowded living conditions
the personal qualities of the residents
job discrimination experienced by the residents
8
The idea that dreams are the cortex's attempt to make sense of general firing of the brain is..
wish fulfillment theory
problem-solving theory
activation-synthesis theory
None of the Above
9
Cultural norms that determine which facial expressions are appropriate for what occasions are..
parental investments
social scripts
investment differentiations
display rules
10
The Binet-Simon scale of intelligence expressed a child's score in terms of...
mental age
IQ
a potential score
a percentile score
11
The function of sensory memory is to...
hold sensory impressions long enough for transfer
hold information for a lifetime
hold the immediate perception of what was perceived
put information into long-term memory
12
The most optimistic view of human nature is found in the ________ approach.
psychoanalytic
behavioral
cognitive
humanistic
13
Unusually vivid and detailed recollections of momentous events are called...
non-declarative memories
episodic memories
flashbulb memories
sensory memories
14
If Jane used an external attribution to explain why her son got into a fight, she would say...
he's just like his father
he can't help himself since he doesn't have self-control
he always gets in fights
the other boy started it and he was defending himself
15
If you suffer from depression, which type of psychologists would be of the most help to you?
a social psychologist
a clinical psychologist
a forensic psychologist
a developmental psychologist
16
The wavelength of light mainly affects our perception of...
light purity
color
saturation
brightness
17
A personality measure that asks you to respond freely to an ambiguous stimulus (ex. inkblot) is
a behavior rating
a deceptive test
a projective test
a self-report inventory
18
What is cognitive dissonance?
occurs only when cognitions are unrelated
a state of tension produced by inconsistent cognitions
feelings of guilt produced by acting against your conscience
feeling of discomfort experienced by receivers of persuasion
19
Rehearsal is most beneficial for maintaining information in _______ memory.
short-term
intermediate-term
sensory
long-term
20
The area of psychology referring to mental processes or thinking is known as...
intelligence
mentalism
introspection
cognition
21
Inferences that people draw about the causes of their and other's behavior are known as..
self-serving bias
prejudices
stereotypes
attributions
22
During the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development, a child experiences the world through..
systematic hypothesis testing
logical reasoning
physical interaction
abstract operations
23
When Bob hits his thumb with a hammer, the sensation will be transmitted to the CNS by...
autonomic nerves
sympathetic nerves
afferent nerves
efferent nerves
24
Which of the following is not a characteristic of antisocial personality disorder?
manipulative behavior
excessive guilt
aggressiveness
social charm
25
Which of the following is not a common effect of hypnosis?
resistance to pain
hallucinations
total loss of personal control
reduction of inhibitions
26
The neurotransmitter associated with schizophrenia is...
serotonin
endorphin
dopamine
acetylcholine
27
Alice has a dog phobia, and is being told to completely relax and imagine a dog. This is...
aversion therapy
avoidance therapy
psychotherapy
systematic desensitization
28
According to the medical model...
all physical illnesses have a psychological component
abnormal behavior can be thought of as a disease
all mental illnesses are caused by biological factors
all mental illnesses can be treated using drugs
29
The registration of sensory input without conscious awareness refers to
a superimposed stimulus
a false alarm
subliminal perception
a just noticeable difference
30
The decrease in individual effort exerted by group members when working together on a task is..
social loafing
conformity
group polarization
deindividuation
31
The production of speech is controlled by which area of the frontal lobe?
Wernicke's area
Cannon's area
Sperry's area
Broca's area
32
Learning that is not apparent from behavior when it first occurs is known as...
classical conditioning
insight learning
latent learning
operant conditioning
33
The hypothalamus influences or regulates all of the following except...
the autonomic nervous system
memory
the endocrine system
feeding
34
An antagonist...
extends the absolute refractory period
prevents reuptake of neurotransmitters
mimics the action of a neurotransmitter
blocks the action of neurotransmitters
35
If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in...
pitch
timbre
decibels
loudness
36
The structure that connects the two hemispheres of the brain is called the...
thalamus
parietal lobe
corpus callosum
pineal gland
37
Prejudice is to discrimination as...
attitude is to action
behavior is to motive
thought is to perception
feeling is to thinking
38
Reliability refers to the _______ of a measuring device, such as a test.
consistency
representativeness
predictability
accuracy of inference
39
The gate-control theory suggests that incoming pain sensations may be blocked at the...
cortex
spinal cord
thalamus
location of injury
40
A drug that depresses central nervous system activity is referred to as...
a sedative
an amphetamine
a narcotic
a hallucinogen
41
Destroying part of the brain tissue to observe its effect on behavior is referred to as...
stereotaxic inversion
ESB
lesioning
tumor ligation
42
Hadley uses ____ to relieve the symptoms of her glaucoma and relax her.
cocaine
mescaline
heroin
marijuana
43
Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events defines...
attention
sensation
processing
perception
44
Conditioned taste aversions represent an unusual or atypical example of...
observational learning
punishment
operant conditioning
classical conditioning
45
In Milgram's study of obedience, subjects...
indicated which of 3 lines matched the "standard line"
were put into a simulated prison
were ordered to deliver painful shocks to a stranger
became the recipient of painful electric shocks
46
Putting group goals ahead of personal goals & defining one's identity in terms of the group is
attributionism
collectivism
individualism
functionalism
47
Slot machines increase gambling behavior through the use of...
a short-delay reinforcement schedule
a non-contingent reinforcement schedule
a continuous reinforcement schedule
an intermittent reinforcement schedule
48
The gambler's fallacy reflects the influence of the...
law of small numbers
availability heuristic
representativeness heuristic
conjunction heuristic
49
The EEG pattern associated with normal, waking, alert states is...
alpha
gamma
beta
delta
50
Which type of intelligence involves the ability to apply acquired knowledge in problem solving?
episodic
procedural
fluid
crystallized
51
If a teacher gives an exam with questions that were not covered in class, the test lacks..
predictive validity
standardized validity
content validity
criterion-related validity
52
The process of pushing distressing thoughts into the unconscious and keeping them there is...
avoidance
suppression
neurogenic amnesia
repression
53
Which technique would be most useful for locating specific neurotransmitters in the brain?
electrographic tomography
computerized tomography
positron emission tomography
magnetic resonance imaging
54
An electroencephalograph is used in sleep research to measure brain-wave activity in the...
cerebral cortex
corpus callosum
hypothalamus
medulla
55
Sleep spindles are characteristic of which stage of the sleep cycle?
REM
stage 2
stage 4
stage 1
56
Mary Ainsworth's strategy for studying infant attachment is known as the __________ procedure.
secure-avoidant
attachment probing
shared inhibition
strange situation
57
Which statistical method is used to determine the reliability of a test?
standard deviation
means
percentiles
correlation coefficients
58
____ measure general mental ability while ___ measure various aspects of people (values, etc).
intelligence; standardized
intelligence; personality
standardized; intelligence
personality; standardized
59
The chemicals that are secreted from the terminal buttons into the synapse are...
neurotransmitters
action potentials
antagonists
agonists
60
After having his first ice cream cone yesterday, Dave keeps asking for ice cream, demonstrating
fast-mapping
metalinguistic awareness
overextension
semantic slanting
61
In experiments, subjects that receive special treatment are known as...
the observational group
the control group
the correlational group
the experimental group
62
The gradual disappearance of an operant response that is no longer being reinforced is called..
unconditioning
spontaneous remission
conditioned forgetting
extinction
63
You see a female VP being pushy/aggressive, and then assume all female VPs are this way, which
a contravened stereotype
a self-serving attribution
a heuristic observation
demonstrates an illusory correlation
64
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that...
a facial expression is just a sign of internal feelings
the internal state causes the facial expression
other people can identify your emotions by your expressions
you can affect how you feel by making a certain expression
65
When people overestimate the frequency of violent crimes because these events are on TV, they..
are using the representativeness heuristic
use a holistic decision model
use the elimination by aspects strategy
are using the availability heuristic
66
Potty training is a key challenge in which of Erikson's stages of development?
industry vs. inferiority
initiative vs. guilt
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
trust vs. mistrust
67
Expectations about what is appropriate behavior for each sex most accurately describes...
gender differences
gender roles
gender behaviors
gender stereotypes
68
A rat learns to press a bar to turn off an electric shock. This is an example of...
escape learning
positive reinforcement
an unconditioned response
avoidance learning
69
Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by...
conflicts between unconscious desires and environment
personal conflicts existing at the unconscious level
genetic dispositions to behave in a particular way
unrealistic demands from family/friends
70
Learning to crawl is an example of which motor development sequence?
the cephalopedal trend
the cephalocaudal trend
encephalitis
the proximodistal trend
71
Yielding to real or imagined social pressure defines...
cognitive dissonance
groupthink
conformity
obedience
72
At which stage do people use a personal code of ethics to guide their moral reasoning?
conventional
postconventional
concrete
preconventional
73
Which type of data collection is the best for studying attitudes?
physiological recordings
questionnaires
direct observation
psychological tests
74
The minimum stimulus intensity of any sensory input that an organism can detect is called the..
absolute threshold
just noticeable difference
sensory memory
subliminal threshold
75
Who is responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline?
G. Stanley Hall
William James
Rene Decartes
Wilhelm Wundt
76
The largely unconscious reactions used to protect us from guilt and anxiety are known as...
id mechanisms
offense mechanisms
defense mechanisms
coping mechanisms
77
The structure of the ear that transduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the...
cochlea
stirrup
temporal lobe
oval window
78
The awareness of self, your thoughts, internal sensations and external stimuli is defined as...
sensation
perception
hypnosis
consciousness
79
What is not a characteristic of groupthink?
dividing the world into the ingroup & outgroup
gathering all the relevant information (pros & cons)
censoring dissent from group members
censoring information that contradicts the group's views
80
If a dog salivates to a blue light but not a yellow light, the dog is demonstrating...
conditioned emotional reactions
stimulus discrimination
stimulus generalization
spontaneous recovery
81
Anhedonia is when a person...
experiences mild manic states
has difficulty experiencing pleasure
has two different psychological disorders
has trouble getting along with people
82
In Pavlov's experiment, the unconditioned stimulus was the...
salivation
food/meat powder
light
tone
83
Jay used to say "mikk", but now says "milk" properly, meaning he has made gains in the use of..
linguistic heuristics
morphemes
syntax
phonemes
84
Cohort effects are most closely associated with which research design?
cross-sectional
time of testing
sequential
longitundinal
85
When a choice must be made between two unattractive goals, you are experiencing...
an avoidance-avoidance conflict
an approach-approach conflict
a risk-aversion conflict
an approach-avoidance conflict
86
If the occipital lobe is stimulated, the person would be most likely to report...
seeing a flash of light
moving a part of his body
smelling an odor
hearing a sound
87
The test you are currently taking is an example of what kind of test?
a personality test
an intelligence test
an aptitude test
an achievement test
88
Your GPA is an example of which measure of central tendency?
midpoint
mean
median
mode
89
A student's organized set of expectations on how a professor should act is an example of a..
script
chunk
schema
semantic network
90
Classical conditioning could account for how a child learns to...
sing a song
fear the dark
tie shoe laces
print letters
91
Depression is an example of a _____ mood disorder.
bipolar
unipolar
cyclical
dissociative
92
In the Little Albert experiment, the conditioned stimulus was the...
rat
loud noise
fear reaction
rabbit
93
The amygdala plays a role in the modulation of which emotion?
sadness
surprise
happiness
fear
94
The assumption of a preoperational child that a car is moving because she is in it demonstrates
reversibility
conservation
centration
egocentrism
95
Free association and dream analysis were held to be major methods to discover the makeup of...
irrational thoughts
maladaptive behaviors
the conscious
the unconscious
96
A stimulus evokes a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus in...
observational learning
state-dependent learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
97
Which of the following is a mood disorder?
fugue
bipolar disorder
panic disorder
conversion disorder
98
A worker who is paid every Friday for completing his 40-hour work week is being paid on a...
variable-ratio schedule
fixed-interval schedule
variable-interval schedule
fixed-ratio schedule
99
We often perceive a series of dots as a "solid" line because of the Gestalt principle of...
symmetry
closure
similiarity
constancy
100
Tension reduction is the goal of which motivational theory?
incentive theory
evolutionary theory
drive theory
instinct theory
101
Which of the following disorders/issues would be least likely to be treated by a psychiatrist?
schizophrenia
marital problems
anxiety disorders
bipolar disorder
102
If you were awakened during REM sleep, you would probably report that you had...
been dreaming
a headache
not really been asleep
not been dreaming
103
What appears to be responsible for regulating circadian rhythm?
amount of time awake
exposure to light
amount of time alseep
cultural practices
104
The sickly child who becomes a forceful, physically active adult demonstrates what Adler called
displacement
fixation
compensation
regression
105
The deepest level of processing which involves emphasizing the meaning of words is known as...
the triarchic level of encoding
the semantic level of encoding
dyadic encoding
attention encoding
106
Multiple-choice tests use what measure of memory?
relearning
recall
recognition
reiteration
107
The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior is...
behaviorism
neodynamism
functionalism
psychoanalysis
108
Which brain structure is most closely related to regulating emotions?
brainstem
reticular formation
cerebellum
limbic system
109
A valid test is one that...
measures what it is supposed to measure
is consistent
has been standardized but not normed
is reliable
110
Watson defined psychology as the scientific study of...
conscious experience
the unconscious
behavior
the brain
111
The idea that we should pay back in kind what we receive from others is known as the..
the principle of collectivism
the law of cognitive dissonance
display rules
the reciprocity norm
112
The process of selectively reinforcing responses that are closer to the desired response is..
step-wise conditioning
stimulus discrimination
shaping
selection
113
Dave washes his hands 50 times a day, even when they're not dirty. This is an example of..
a phobia
an obsession
a delusion
a compulsion
114
The ability to generate ideas that are original, novel, and useful defines...
reasoning
creativity
intelligence
insight
115
A person who perceives stimuli that aren't there is said to have...
delusions
hallucinations
obsessions
illusions
116
Which of the following does not belong with the other three?
gonads
pituitary
thyroid
thalamus
117
A person who loses memories of events that occur following a head injury is experiencing...
anterograde amnesia
retroactive interference
retrograde amnesia
pseudoforgetting
118
The minimum length of time between action potentials is determined by...
transduction capacity
the absolute refractory period
the relative threshold period
transduction incapacity
119
Failure to actively seek out contrary evidence may lead to...
overestimating the improbable
the conjunction fallacy
the confirmation bias
the gambler's fallacy
120
The superego is Freud's term for...
the mediating agent between the id and ego
the biological impulses that drive behavior
the conscious aspect of personality
the moral component of personality
121
If a psychological test intends to tell you how you score relative to others, they must develop
test scales
test scores
test norms
test levels
122
What kind of validity do the ACT and SAT strive for?
construct
content
absolute
criterion-related
123
Framing refers to...
structuring decision problems so they lead to poor decisions
how alternatives in a decision problem are presented
presenting only part of the information required
presenting irrelevant information
124
Although Sheri falls asleep easily, she has difficulty remaining asleep. Sheri suffers from..
pseudoinsomnia
narcolepsy
sleep apnea
insomnia
125
Severing the reticular formation in cats caused them to
become fearful/cautious
remain in continuous sleep
remain in continuous wakefulness
become aggressive
126
The ability to rapidly process words in reading depends most on...
bottom-to-top processing
top-down processing
bottom-up processing
lateral processing
127
The characteristic mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity of an infant is their...
behavioral quality
personality
temperament
attachment
128
According to the James-Lange theory, one's conscious experience of emotion occurs..
before autonomic arousal
independently of autonomic arousal
after autonomic arousal
simultaneously with autonomic arousal
129
Substances such as viruses and drugs that can harm a developing fetus are known as...
prenatals
opiates
pathogens
teratogens
130
Which of the following statements is the best example of telegraphic speech?
i wanted a cookie
I eated a cookie
cookie
give cookie
131
The tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon can best be described as an instance of...
complete storage failure
partial retrieval
complete retrieval failure
partial storage
132
According to the five-factor model, people who score _____ tend to be trusting and cooperative.
low in openness
low in extraversion
high in neuroticism
high in agreeableness
133
A father suggests that his son's low marks are due to the child's laziness. He has made...
a situational attribution
an external attribution
an internal attribution
a distinctive attribution
134
People who have hormonal imbalances have problems with their...
limbic system
leftbrain/right brain communication
endocrine system
reticular formation
135
In order for a memory to be stored, it must first be..
ablated
modeled
retrieved
encoded
136
In relation to age, which of the following does not belong with the others?
autonomy vs. shame & doubt
post-conventional moral reasoning
development of secondary sex characteristics
formal operations
137
The last are of the brain to fully mature in late adolescence or early adulthood is the...
occipital cortex
hypothalamus
medulla
prefrontal cortex
138
Voluntary responses come to be controlled by their consequences in what type of learning?
observational learning
operant conditioning
reinforcement
classical conditioning
139
Negative reinforcement involves...
the presentation of an unpleasant stimulus
the presentation of a pleasant stimulus
the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
the removal of a pleasant stimulus
140
Most explanations for the Flynn effect revolve around...
a variety of environmental factors
changes in testing procedures
group differences in basic intelligence
genetic influences on IQ
141
Which of the following is not one of the intelligence types described by Gardner?
musical
mechanical
spatial
logical-mathemathical
142
According to the notion of semantic networks, which word pair should be linked most closely?
car-nose
tree-bird
boat-goat
fill-feed
143
The sensory receptors for smell are referred to as...
sciatic receptors
gustatory bulbs
olfactory cilia
smell buds
144
A perceptual set implies that...
feature analysis is a "hard-wired" process
the focused-attention stage of processing is overridden
people often see what they expect to see
visual perception is based on bottom-up processing
145
In which level of processing is an emphasis placed on the sounds of words?
platonic
phonemic
mnemonic
morphemic
146
Five-year-old Bob washes his bike after seeing his father was his car, demonstrating...
classical conditioning
superstitious behavior
positive reinforcement
observational learning
147
The structure that controls the size of the pupil is the...
vitreous humor
cornea
lens
iris
148
Aggression is often a behavioral response to stressors involving...
pressure
change
frustration
conflict
149
The hypothalamus communicates with the endocrine system by way of the..
thyroid gland
pancreas
pituitary gland
sebaceous gland
150
According to Freud, nail-biting may be evidence of fixation at the _____ stage of development.
latency
oral
genital
anal
