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Final Study I
Final Study I
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The first of several quizs aimed to aid in studying for the final
Flashcards
99 cards
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Practice quiz
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Host live
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Questions
99
Answers
1
What phylum typically has radial symmetry and cnidocytes?
Porifera
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Placozoa
2
Why are scientists so interested in resolving the animal tree of life?
Allows us to determine characteristics of last universal common ancestor
Helps us understand the origin of eukaryotes
Provides a framework for evolutionary biology
Helps us discover new species
3
How do some freshwater sponges survive harsh winter weather?
Forming gemmules
Producing specialized spicules resistant to freezing
Budding to produce freeze-resistant gametes
Migrating to warmer water during cooler months
4
When using genes in a phylogenetic analysis, they must be
paralogous
analogous
orthologous
autapomorphies
5
What components are associated with extracellular matrix components?
Wnt Frizzled EGFR
HOX ETS POU
Collagen type IV Nidogen Perlecan
Classical cadherins
6
This phylum is characterized by being dorsoventrally flattened, acoelomates, and nonsegmented.
Platyhelminthes
Gastrotricha
Chaetognatha
Rotifera
7
What were the 2 kingdoms Linnaeus used?
Monera
Fungi
Animalia
Plantae
8
What are synapomorphies of Bilateria?
Hydrostatic skeleton, Triploblastic, cephalization
Trochophore larva, cephalization, hydrostatic skeleton
Bilateral symmetry, cephalization, triploblastic
Triploblastic, bilateral symmetry
9
Organisms in clade _____ have the defining feature of molting.
Ecdysozoa
Spiralia
10
____ are responsible for making spicules
Pinacocytes
Spongocytes
Choanocytes
Sclerocytes
11
What kind of spicules are these?
siliceous (Hexactinellida)
siliceous (Demospongiae)
Calcerous
Spongin
12
What kind of spicules are these?
Calcerous
Spongin
siliceous (Hexactinellida)
siliceous (Demospongiae)
13
What is this character state?
Plesiomorphy
Symplesiomorphy
Autapomorphy
Synapomorphy
14
What body plan is this?
Sylleibid
Leuconoid
Asconoid
Syconoid
15
What body plan is this?
Sylleibid
Leuconoid
Syconoid
Solenoid
16
What is a node?
A division of 2 branches
A point at which lines or pathways intersect or branch
Descent from a common evolutionary ancestor not shared with any other group
A group of 1+ populations of an organism/organisms
17
Who used a five kingdom system?
Whittaker
Margulis
Linnaeus
18
What is this character state?
Autapomorphy
Synapomorphy
Apomorphy
Plesiomorphy
19
Porifera: What class does this organism belong in?
Calcarea
Homoscleromorpha
Demospongiae
Hexatinellida
20
An organism with radial symmetry and a dimorphic life cycle (alternates between medusa and poly) CANNOT be
Anthozoan
Ctenophore
Medusozoan
21
The LEAST inclusive of Linnaeus' taxonomic categories is
species
family
class
domain
22
What is a phylogeny?
Thescientific study of phylogeny
Theevolutionary history of development of a group of organisms
Thebiological process by which an organism exists
23
____ have biradial symmetry.
Ctenophora
Bilateria
Cnidaria
Placozoa
24
In Porifera, where does water enter?
Osculum
Mesohyl
Ostium
Choanocytes
25
What is a common ancestor?
The most recent individual from which all organisms of the set are descent
A point at which lines or pathways intersect or branch
The lineal descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree
A group of 1+ populations of an organism/organisms
26
What is homoplasy?
Derived trait unique to a particular taxa
Any trait inherited from ancestor of a group and passed down to descendant
Independent evolution of a character state in a different taxa
Any trait inherited from the common ancestor of a group
27
What phylum does this organism belong to?
Platyhelminthes
Chaetognatha
Rotifera
Gastrotricha
28
Characteristics that all metazoans share include
multicellularity
musculature
intrasomatic variation
ribosomes
29
What is bifurcation?
The most recent individual from which all organisms of the set are descent
Group of 1+ populations of an organism/organisms
A division into 2 branches
A point at which lines or pathways intersect or branch
30
What phylum lacks a basal membrane and is considered "plate animals"?
Porifera
Placozoa
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
31
In the classification system developed my Linnaeus, classes are grouped into....
species
orders
phyla
supergroups
32
This phylum is considered very ancient with fossils tracing back to the lower Cambrian. Also known as arrow worms.
Trematoda
Rotifera
Platyhelminthes
Chaetognatha
33
In Protostomes, the _____ develops first.
Mouth
Anus
34
Cnidarians have how many tissue layers?
2
0
3
1
35
What type of body plan does Platyhelminthes have?
Triploblastic
Single germ layer
Diploblastic
36
You'd expect to find ___ in the mesohyl of a sponge.
Sclerocytes
Choanocytes
Colloblasts
Porocytes
37
A suite of characters shared by a group phylogenetically related at some point of development is a
homoplasy
phylogeny
blastula
bauplan
38
Placozoans lack an extracellular matrix and basal membrane features present in all other animals. These traits are
orthologs
plesiomorphies
autapomorphies
basal characters
39
A __ is a special type of adult stem cell.
Hermaphrodite
Auricle
Neoblast
Ocelli
40
Choanoflagellate cells are similar to
spongocytes
fiber cells
nematocysts
collar cells
41
What body plan is this?
Leuconoid
Asconoid
Sylleibid
Syconoid
42
Organisms in this clade exhibit a spiral cleavage during early embryonic development.
Ecdysozoa
Spiralia
43
What is phylogenesis?
The biological process by which an organism exists
The scientific study of phylogeny
The evolutionary history of development of a group of organisms
44
What is phylogenetics?
The evolutionary history of development of a group of organisms
The scientific study of phylogeny
The biological process by which an organism exists
45
What are the characteristics of Porifera asexual reproduction?
Budding
Regeneration
Cloning
Gemmules
46
Protists are defined as
organisms with 1 cell type
single-celled organisms
single-celled organisms lacking intrasomatic variation
organisms lacking intrasomatic variation
47
The first animals were most likely
autotrophic
herbivores
carnivores
bacterivorous
48
Phylogenetic trees can always be regarded as ____ about evolutionary relationships
guesses
none of these
facts
hypotheses
49
What kind of spicules are these?
siliceous (Hexactinellida)
Spongin
siliceous (Demospongiae)
Calcerous
50
What phylum is sometimes considered the sister to Gnathifera?
Gnathifera
Lophotrochozoa
Chaetognatha
Rouphozoa
51
These structures allow ctenophores to sense their position in the water to trigger comb rows to adjust orientation.
Colloblasts
Cydippid
Muscles
Statocyst
52
Class ____ sponges have CaCO
3
spicules
Demospongiae
Calcarea
Cubozoa
Hexactinellida
53
The _____ is a gelatinous acellular substance in cnidarians.
medusa
ectoderm
polyp
mesoglea
54
In Porifera, where does water exit?
Mesohyl
Osculum
Choanocytes
Ostium
55
These exclusively marine animals are microscopic with a complex jaw apparatus.
Gnathostulmida
Chaetognatha
Micrognathozoa
Gastrotricha
56
What body plan is this?
Leuconoid
Sylleibid
Asconoid
Solenoid
57
If an organism has endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm, they're considered:
Triploblastic
Dermy
Diploblastic
Having no germ layers
58
What is this character state?
Symplesiomorphy
Autapomorphy
Plesiomorphy
Synapomorphy
59
In Deuterostomes, the ____ develops first.
Mouth
Anus
60
Myxozoans are
free-living microscopic cnidarians
generalist parasites that infect mainly crustaceans
ectoparasitic requiring two hosts for life cycle
endoparasitic requiring two hosts for life cycle
61
Jellyfish research suggests that in regards to sleep....
they dream in their sleep
darkness is required
they don't sleep
sleep was present in the first animals
62
In Linnaeus' classification system, families are grouped into
species
clades
order
phyla
63
Cnidarians/Ctenophores display _____ digestion while Poriferans display ___ digestion.
Extracellular
Intracellular
Extracorporal
64
Placozoans, sponges, cnidarians, and ctenophores all have two germ layers.
True
False
65
One issue with the 5 kingdom system is that
protists should be split into two groups, unicellular and multicellular
There are no issues associated with the five kingdom system
Archaea and bacteria are grouped together
protists are grouped with archaea
66
This classification holds some of the smallest metazoans with the most complex jaw apparatus.
Chaetognatha
Rotifera
Micrognathozoa
Gnathostulmida
67
The most inclusive taxonomic category is
species
genus
kingdom
domain
68
What is a defining feature of ctenophores?
cnidocytes
mesoglea
iridescence
colloblasts
69
Porifera: What class does this organism belong in?
Demospongiae
Homoscleromorpha
Hexatinellida
Calcarea
70
Every node in a phylogenetic tree represents a
extinction event
transitional form
sister species
common ancestor
71
What is this character state?
Apomorphy
Symplesiomorphy
Plesiomorphy
Synapomorphy
72
Which is a monophyletic group?
Radiata
Anthozoa
All of the above
Invertebrata
73
Dugesia Tigrina is in Class
Eurotatoria
Turbellaria
Trematoda
Cestoda
74
What is torsion?
180 degree rotation of the gastropod visceral mass
Twisting of gastropod embryo within egg
formation of a "lung" from the mantle cavity in terrestrial gastropods
Coiling of gastropod shell
75
Cestodes attach to their host using what?
Pinchers
Scolex
Prohaptor
Sucker
76
What phylum is characterized by an aquiferous system with choanocyte chambers and a sessile adulthood?
Ctenophora
Porifera
Placozoa
Cnidaria
77
What are protonephridia? (Platyhelminths)
Specialized excretory structures
Attachment organs
Larvae
Mucous glands
78
What is problematic about constructing phylogenetic trees that accurately reflect evolutionary history?
None of these
paraphyletic and polyphyletic taxa
monophyletic and paraphyletic taxa
monophyletic and polyphyletic taxa
79
Who coined phylogenetic systematics?
Peter Sneath
Robert Sokal
Whittaker
Willi Hennig
80
Some cnidarians undergo an alternation of generations where
polys are haploid and medusa are diploid
polyps are diploid and medusa are haploid
polyps reproduce sexually and the medusa asexually
polyps reproduce asexually and the medusa sexually
81
What is a lineage?
Comprises the closest relatives of another given unit in an evolution tree
A way of representing graph theory trees with edge lengths using ( ) and ,
Derived from 1+ common evolution ancestor; not suitable for same taxon
Lineal descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree
82
What components are associated with cell adhesion?
Classical cadherins
HOX ETS POU
Collagen type IV Nidogen Perlecan
Wnt Frizzled EGFR
83
Which group is not exclusively parasitic?
Cestoda
Trematoda
Mongenea
Rhabditophora
84
What components are associated with intracellular signaling?
HOX ETS POU
Classical cadherins
Collagen type IV Nidogen Perlecan
Wnt Frizzled EGFR
85
What is a nematocyst?
Fires once from a cnidarian
An intracellular organelle aiding in prey capture and defense; fires once
An intracellular organelle aiding in prey capture and defense
A cnidocyte
86
This phylum is characterized by its transparent "hairy" body.
Platyhelminthes
Gastrotricha
Acanthocephala
Rotifera
87
Organisms in this classification are triploblastic, have a mouth + anus, and diversity of body cavities (or lack of)
Cnidaria
Deuterostomia
Bilateria
Protostomia
88
What is apomorphy?
Derived character state; an innovation along an evolutionary lineage
Ancestral character state; trait inherited from common ancestor of group
Shared ancestral state; trait inherited from ancestor and passed down
Shared derived state; assumed to be present in common ancestor of 2 taxa
89
Linnaeus organized living organisms into how many kingdoms?
1
4
5
2
90
What kind of spicules are these?
Calcerous
siliceous (Hexactinellida)
siliceous (Demospongiae)
Spongin
91
__ is any trait inherited from the ancestor of a group and has been passed on into more than one descendant lineage
Symplesiomorphy
Autapomorphy
Homoplasy
Apomorphy
92
Porifera: What class does this organism belong in?
Hexatinellida
Demospongiae
Homoscleromorpha
Calcarea
93
Monophyletic means descended from a common evolutionary ancestor especially one not shared with another group
True
False
94
What is a taxon?
Lineal descent from an ancestor; ancestry or pedigree
A group of 1+ populations of an organism/organisms
Descent from a common evolutionary ancestor not shared with any other group
The most recent individual from which all organisms of the set are descent
95
Porifera: What class does this organism belong in?
Demospongiae
Hexatinellida
Homoscleromorpha
Calcarea
96
What is this character state?
Autapomorphy
Apomorphy
Synapomorphy
Symplesiomorphy
97
What components are associated with transcriptional regulation?
Wnt Frizzled EGFR
Classical cadherins
Collagen type IV Nidogen Perlecan
HOX ETS POU
98
What body plan is this?
Solenoid
Sylleibid
Leuconoid
Syconoid
99
What method is used for locomotion by cnidarians in the medusoid form?
Beating the cilia around the oral disc
Contracting the bell
Tentacle somersaults
Contracting the pedal disc
