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Chemistry Final Study Guide Pt1
What are the types of chemical bonding?
What are the main group elements?
Chemistry Final Study Guide Pt1
200 terms
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1
What are the main group elements?
F and P block
S and P block
P and D block
S and D block
2
What are the types of chemical bonding?
metalic, ionic, catatonic
metalic and covalent
Ionic and metalic
ionic, covalent, and metalic
3
What do cxyacids contain?
hydrogen, oxygen, and a third nonmetal element
only metal elements and hydrogen
oxygen and a nonmetal element
hydrogen and oxygen
4
Cations get their names, Anions get an "ide" in naming
True
False
5
Group 2 metals including Zn and Cd are always assigned __ in a compound
+2
+1
-1
-2
6
what is Avagadro's number?
6.022E23
particles
6.022E23 particles in exactly one mole of a substance
Particles in one mole
7
What is the Pauli exclusion principle?
no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of quantum numbers
electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers
an electron occupies the lowest energy level orbital that can receive it
an electron occupies the highest energy level orbital it can
8
elements are arranged vertically in the periodic table in groups that share similar chemical properties
False
True
9
Helium has an ___ group configuration, yet is apart of group __
ns2 ; Group 17
ns2 ; Group 18
ns2 ; Group 1
ns1 ; Group 18
10
Hydrochloric Acid refers to the water solution of hydrogen chloride
False
True
11
what is Hunds rule?
no two electrons are the same
Fill to half full, then to full
Orbitals of equal energy each occupy its orbitals BEFORE any other orbital
orbitals of equal energy each occupy its orbitals AFTER any other orbital
12
in any atom or molecule, polar or non-polar, the electrons are in ___
continuous motion
no motion whatsoever
a constant state of stress and movement
a ground state
13
Water is a good example of hydrogen bonding
False
True
14
what is a dipole?
equal charge separated by a long distance
opposite charge separated by a short distance
equal but opposite charge separated by a long distance
equal but opposite charge separated by a short distance
15
the name of the __ with the ___ number of oxygen atoms ends in "ate"; fewer oxygen atoms get "ite"
Ion ; Greater
Cation ; Least
Ion ; Least
Anion ; Greater
16
Group 17 reacts vigorously with most ___ to form ____
no metals ; ionic salts
every metal ; ionic salts
most metals ; ionic salts
most metals ; cations
17
at the right side of the P-block it includes all the nonmetals except hydrogen and helium
True
False
18
what do induced dipoles account for?
the fact that a nonpolar molecule like Oxygen is able to dissolve in water
the fact that polar molecules can dissolve within other polar molecules
the fact that hydrogen atoms have positive charges
all covalent bonds
19
what is the stock system of nomenclature?
anions
chemical conventions
conventions used to name things
A roman numeral
20
1 proton = a packet of light
True
False
21
what is the chemical formula for an ionic compound containing aluminum and sulfate?
Al2(SO4)3
Al2SO4
AlSO
(Al2)3SO4
22
subscripts do not represent the smallest whole number rations
True
False
23
What is the standard density of pure water?
1.00mL/m^3
2.00kg/m^3
1.00kg/m^3
5mg
24
Find the percent composition of copper (1) Sulfide
Cu - 80% ; S - 35%
Cu - 80% ; S - 25%
Cu - 20.15% ; S - 79.85%
Cu - 79.85% ; S - 20.15%
25
atomic radii range from about 40pm to 270pm
False
True
26
The D-block contains typical metalic properties
True
False
27
Direction runs from the positive pole to the negative pole
True
False
28
F
-
= Fluorate
False
True
29
what does a chemical formula indicate?
formula units
the relative number of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound
the relative number of atoms in an ionic compound
the relative number of protons of each kind in a chemical compound
30
The __ region in one polar molecule attracts the __ region in adjacent molecules
negative ; positive
positive ; negative
ionic ; covalent
weak ; strong
31
Ionic compounds and metals have high intermolecular forces compared to what
covalent bonds
ionic molecules
covalent molecules
electrons
32
the first step in writing a chemical equation is to
identify the facts to be represented
develop an equation
translate
solve
33
Atoms tend to be ___ the further right they are found across a ___
smaller ; row
larger ; period
smaller ; period
larger ; row
34
what is wavelength?
the lack of distance between points on adjacent waves
the distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves
corresponding points on adjacent waves
the distance between adjacent waves
35
electromagnetic radiation is a form of energy that exhibits straight behavior as it travels through space
False
True
36
in the ___, a hydrogen atom has one electron found in the first quantum level of energy
ground state
calm state
excited state
state of absorbation
37
a higher charge more strongly attracts __ in the same ____
electrons ; ionization level
ions ; energy level
electrons ; energy level
cations ; ionization level
38
What is a nuclide?
general term for a specific isotope of an atom
general term for a specific isotope of an element
general term to explain chemistry
general term for a specific isotope of a neutron
39
An empiride formula consists of what?
the symbols for the elements combined in a compound
an ionic compound
the proportional relationships of the atoms in a compound
the symbols for the elements showing the smallest whole-number mole ratio
40
an orbital is a 3 dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the indefinite location of an electron
False
True
41
What are many polyatomic ions produced by?
the loss of oxygen from binary acids
the loss of water
the loss of all ions
The loss of hydrogen ions from oxyacids
42
Frequency and wavelength are NOT mathematically related to each other by speed of light
False
True
43
What is an atom?
The largest unit of an element. Can be divided under normal conditions
a type of banana
The smallest unit of an element. Cant be divided under normal conditions
An electron
44
Many main group elements can lose or gain electrons to form ions
False
True
45
Find the mass of 2.50mol of Sr(NO
3
)
2
211.634x102gSr(NO3)2
2.4x102gSr(NO3)2
150.81x102gSr(NO3)2
5.29x102gSr(NO3)2
46
Define mass
the space occupied by matter
has both matter and volume
amount of matter in an object
pure substances composed of only one kind of atom
47
you DO need Avagadro's number in moles to particles
False
True
48
With the exception of carbon, the atom with the lowest electronegativity is often called the ___
singular atom
main atom
bonded atom
Central atom
49
in an ____, the electron is moved to a higher quantum level of energy depending on the energy the atom absorbed
state of emission
ground state
excitable state
excited state
50
What is Dalton's Theory?
in chemical rxns, atoms DO NOT combine with other atoms
all matter is composed of small particles called atoms
atoms cannot be subdivided, created, or destroyed
atoms of a particular element are identical in size, mass, and other parts
51
What is a mole?
4.89E32 of something
3.14159E2 of something
6.04E35 of something
6.02E23 of something
52
If all fails, halogens are ....
+2
+1
-2
-1
53
Define volume
the space occupied by mass
the space occupied by matter
has both mass and matter
smallest unit of an element that cannot be divided under normal conditions
54
only ___ are cations and only ___ are antions
nonmetals ; metals
noble gases ; nonmetals
metals ; noble gases
metals ; nonmetals
55
How do electrons travel?
by existing in certain regions called orbitals (the 3rd dimension)
by existing in certain regions called orbitals (the 1st dimension)
around the nucleus in neat orbits
They do not travel at all
56
Elements of group 17 are known as the halogens and are the most reactive nonmetals
False
True
57
How do you define the atomic number?
as the number of protons in the nucleus
as the number of electrons in the nucleus
as the amount of hydrogen around the nucleus
as the number of neutrons in the nucleus
58
Dalton's theory does NOT explain law of conservation of mass
False
True
59
the oxidation number of an atom is the charge that the atom would have if...
the compound were composed of intermolecular forces
the compound were composed of ionic compounds
The compound were composed of ions
the compound were composed of air
60
what is the mass in grams of 2.25molFe
1.26E4gFe
1.26E2gFe
1.30E2kgFe
1.30E2gFe
61
What is a quantity?
something that has size or amount
Something that has size, magnitude, or amount
something that has magnitude
something that does NOT have size, magnitude, or amount
62
E Photon = HV
False
True
63
When does Dsub level appear?
when n = 4
when n = 3
when n = 0
when n = 2
64
ions of some transition metals can create more than one ion
True
False
65
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a pure substance
True
False
66
The atomic number corresponds to how many protons are in the nucleus
True
False
67
why are oxidation numbers seen as a "book keeping" device?
because they keep track of protons
Because they help keep track of electrons
because they read DNA
because they sort electrons
68
Ionic bonds tend to be stronger than what
covalent formulas
covalent bonds
molecular bonds
empiricle formulas
69
Bromine's monatomic name is Br
+
True
False
70
Name the compound: K
2
CO
3
K2(CO3)
K(CO3)
K2CO3
K2CO
71
Matter is neither created nor destroyed during chemical rxns or physical changes
True
False
72
What does quantum theory describe?
wave properties of electrons & other very small particles mathematically
wave properties of electrons mathematically
the idea of electrons existing as both particles and waves at the same time
wave properties of atoms mathematically
73
The energy required to remove an electron from the neutral atom is the ____
wavelength
volume
Ionization energy
electromagnetic energy
74
what are the properties of matter?
volume and atoms
volume, atoms, and elements
mass, volume, atoms, and elements
mass and volume
75
Cxyacids contain hydrogen, oxygen, and a third metal element
False
True
76
what are oxidation numbers used to indicate?
exact physical meanings
distribution of e- among polyatomic ions
nothing
distribution of e- among bonded atoms in a molecular compound
77
Where are the eight p-block metals located? (Al, Ga, In, Sn, Ti, Pb, B, Po)
the left hand side and the top of the p-block
The left hand side and the bottom of the p-block
the right hand side and the bottom of the p-block
they are not in the p-block
78
What are polyatomic ions?
ions bonded with ions
covalently bonded molecules with a net of ionic charge
ions bonded with molecules
ionically bonded molecules with a net of covalent charge
79
What is a chemical bond?
metalic atoms completely give up their valence electrons
a force of attraction that holds two atoms together
two atoms can only bond at one site
most atoms by themselves are unstable
80
Valence electrons are often located in the ______ S and P orbitals
full
partially filled
empty
81
All isotopes atomic numbers are one because they are hydrogen
True
False
82
Hydrogen is unique
True
False
83
You find a rock and want to calculate its density. The mass of the rock is 853g. The volume is 310cm^3.
the density of the rock is 3
the density of the rock is 2.3
the density of the rock is 5.5
The density of the rock is 2.8
84
Explain Alkaline Earth metals
all form 2+ cations; more reactive than group 1
They form cations
all form 2- anions; slightly less reactive than group 1
all form 2+ cations; slightly less reactive than group 1
85
What is review formula mass?
sum of every chemical equation
sum of the average volume of elements in a compound
sum of the average atomic masses of all the elements in a compound
sum of all chemical compounds
86
what is the Aufbau principle?
An electron occupies the lowest energy level orbital that can receive it
an electron occupies the highest energy level orbital that can receive it
the lowest energy arrangement for each element is called the ground state
no two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of quantum numbers
87
When each atom is bonded to all its neighbors in a 3D bonded network...
they are called networks
they are covalent network compounds
they are called network compounds
they are covalent only
88
what makes molecules polar?
if different terminal atoms are lone pairs around a central atom
Only H2O Molecules are polar
if the difference in electronegativity is .50 or higher
if atoms revolve around the nucleus
89
Chemical compounds form because elements ___ Gain, or ____ valence electrons with other elements
share ; return
return ; lose
lose ; give up
lose ; share
90
Potassiums monatomic name is k
+
True
False
91
what blocks is the periodic table divided into?
S, P, and D
F and S
S, P, D, and F
F, D, and S
92
with the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, the Schrodinger wave equation laid the foundation for modern quantum theory
True
False
93
physical and chemical properties of the elements are a periodic function of their atomic number
True
False
94
The name of each block is determined by the electrons sublevel being filled in that block
True
False
95
Elements of group 2 are the Alkaline Earth metals
False
True
96
Helium is part of group 18 because its highest occupied energy level is completely filled
True
False
97
translate into a sentence: BaCl
2(AQ)
+ Na
2
CrO
4(AQ)
= BaCrO
4(s)
+ 2NaCl
(AQ)
barium + sodium yields barium + sodium
Barium Chlorate + Sodium chromate yields barium chromate + sodium chlorine
barium chlorate + sodium chromate yields barium + sodium
barium + sodium yields barium chromate + sodium chlorine
98
any process that does not result in the formation of an ion is referred to as ionization
True
False
99
many common polyatmoic ions are oxyanions
True
False
100
How many atoms are in 3.00g of Boron?
1.66E23AtomsB
1.67E23AtomsB
3.44E23AtomsB
1.67E20AtomsB
101
what are ions with negative charges?
Anions
molecules
Cations
ions
102
which rules govern electron configurations?
Pauli exclusion and Aufbau principle
Hunds rule
Aufbau, Pauli exclusion, and Hunds rule
Pauli Exclusion
103
What is electromagnetic radiation?
form of energy that exhibits straight behavior as it travels through space
form of energy that exhibits smooth behavior as it travels through space
form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space
form of energy that exhibits uneven behavior as it travels through space
104
Exactly 12g of Carbon-12 contains 6.02214179E23 particles
False
True
105
what is mass number of isotopes
6.02E23
the total # of neutrons in the nucleus of a particular isotope
the total # of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a particular isotope
the total # of protons in the nucleus of a particular isotope
106
Different wavelengths have different frequencies = different energies = different color
True
False
107
all atoms of an element must have the same number of protons AND neutrons
False
True
108
you DO need a molar mass in moles to particles
False
True
109
When does Psub level first appear?
when n = 2
when n = 4
when n = 3
when n = 1
110
Mendeleev created a table in which elements with similar properties were grouped together
True
False
111
what are isotopes?
atom of the same element with different masses because of varying proton #
picometers
atom of the same element with different masses because of varying neutron #
Unified atomic mass units
112
what represents one formula unit?
a chemical compound
the chemical formula for an ionic compound
the chemical formula of a compound
a chemical formula
113
Forces between and among molecules are known as what
intermolecular forces
ionic forces
nonmolecular forces
covalent bonds
114
Dipole-Dipole forces explain what
carbon chemistry
boiling points
the difference between melting points of iodine chloride and Br2
the difference between boiling points of iodine chloride and Br2
115
Define matter
amount of mass in an object
smallest unit of an element
Has both mass and volume
the space occupied by mass
116
How many atoms are in 4.2gCa?
150.8194
5.29E2AtomsCa
6.3E23AtomsCa
6.3E23molCa
117
An ion is an atom that has lost or gained electrons ; if it loses electrons, it becomes a positive cation
True
False
118
an atoms radius can vary under different circumstances; atoms must be compared in their ground state
True
False
119
A quantum of energy is the minimum quantity of energy that can be lost or gained by an atom
False
True
120
all six of the metals are not in the p-block (B, S, Ge, As, Sb, Te)
True
False
121
You should think of atoms as ___
generally empty space
whole number ratios
mostly empty spaces
constantly filled spaces
122
where are double bonds often found?
in molecules containing oxygen and nitrogen
in molecules only containing carbon
in molecules containing carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen
in molecules only containing oxygen
123
Elements with ___ electronegativity hold their e
-
with a lot of energy
lower
higher
the highest
the lowest
124
How do you find percent composition?
mass of element in compound/mass of compound x 100
mass of element in compound x 100
mass of compound x 100
Length x Width x Height
125
Among ______ elements, ionization energies generally decrease _____ a group
D and F block ; increase up
main group ; increase up
main group ; decrease down
D and F block; Decrease down
126
Where is the negative charge of the valence e
-
concentrated
right next to other atoms
closer to an atom than the other
farther from an atom than the other
as far away from other atoms as possible
127
Mg, Cl, Na, P - Which has the largest atomic radius?
magnesium
phosphorus
chlorine
Sodium
128
group 1 and 2 metals are too reactive to be found alone in nature
False
True
129
what are the types of covalent bonds?
only ionic bonds
nonpolar covalent, polar covalent
polar covalent, ionic bonds
nonpolar covalent, polar covalent, ionic bonds
130
What are scientific international prefixes?
prefixes that CANNOT be used with any SI base unit
interchangeable prefixes that can be use with ALMOST any SI Base unit
Seven basic units of measurement; describes length, mass, time, etc.
Interchangeable prefixes that can be used with any SI Base unit
131
What are physical properties?
characteristic that defines an entire group of substances
dependent on amount of matter in density and melting point
characteristic that can be observed or measured w/o changing substance ID
pure substances composed of only one kind of atom
132
Electrons DO NOT travel around the nucleus in neat orbits as Bohr though
True
False
133
Ionic solids are NOT molecules, they exist as crystaline
True
False
134
How are monatomic ions named?
by revealing the number of atoms of each element in a single molecule
by the elements name
by the elements charge
By the elements name and its charge
135
construct the ionic bond for magnesium and iodine
MgI
Mg3I
MgI2
Mg2I
136
what is step one for drawing Lewis structures?
arrange the atoms
distribute the e- dots
gather your information
draw the bonds
137
atomic radius may be defined as one half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are __ together
pushed
forced
bonded
paired
138
even noble gas atoms and non-polar molecules can experience ___
uneven electron distribution
strong intermolecular attraction
a temporary dipole that induces another dipole in a nearby atom or molecule
weak intermolecular attraction
139
P-Block metals are ____ than S-Block metals
harder and lighter
softer and lighter
harder and denser
softer and denser
140
Hydrogen does not have an electron configuration of 1s
1
True
False
141
the elements of group 1 one of the periodic table are called Alkali Metals
True
False
142
what are triple covalent bonds?
a bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared
three shared pairs of electrons between two atoms
a bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared
two shared pairs of electrons between two atoms
143
bonding between atoms with an electronegativities difference of __ or less has an ionic character of ___ or less
2.8 ; 50%
5.4 ; 20%
1.7 ; 50%
1.7 ; 30 %
144
What did Dimitri Mendeleev notice?
elements fit better when they were arranged to atomic numbers
chemical properties appeared at regular intervals
when elements WERENT arranged in order of atomic mass, atoms grouped
when elements were arranged in order of atomic mass, similarities appeared
145
what are extensive properties?
the elements
depends on the amount of matter that is present in volume, mass,&energy
the branches of chemistry
the cycles
146
molar mass needs to be calculated in order to find mass
False
True
147
what is the compound created when magnesium and chlorine are ionically bonded
MgCl
MgCl2
MgCl1
Mg2Cl
148
when does Fsub Level first appear?
when n = 1
when n = 4
when n = 2
when n = 6
149
the strongest intermolecular forces exist between polar molecules (like water)
False
True
150
What are binary acids?
Acids that only consist of halogens
Acids that consists of hydrogen and a halogen
Plain acids
Acids that only consist of hydrogen
151
what is the molar mass of lithium?
4.00g/mol
6.94/mol
2molL
8gL
152
What are intensive properties?
DO NOT depend on matter in density, melting/boiling point,&conductivity
The opposite of extensive properties
characteristic that can be measured without changing a substance
DOES depend on matter in density, melting/boiling point, & conductivity
153
Polar molecules can ___ a dipole into a nonpolar molecule by temporarily attracting electrons
force
push
make
induce
154
Nonmetals are conductable
True
False
155
the trend to smaller across a period is caused by the increasing positive charge of the nucleus which attracts e
-
to it
False
True
156
Alkali Metals all form 1
-
anions
True
False
157
opposite sides of the periodic table make ionic bonds ; elements that are closer together usually create covalent bonds
False
True
158
the length of each period (periodic table) is determined by
volume
number of electrons that cannot occupy the sublevels being filled
atomic weight
number of electrons that can occupy the sublevels being filled
159
How do you verify a Lewis Structure?
make sure you finish with the same number of e- that you began with
Make sure all atoms satisfy the octet rule
distribute
determine the total number of valence electrons in the compounds
160
what is chemistry?
the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter
the study of math and equations
the study of the matter of composition
the study of stars and constellations
161
Unlike ionic charges, oxidation numbers do not have exact physical meaning
False
True
162
Diatomic molecules can only be what
nonlinear
vertical
horizontal
linear
163
What did Henry Moseley discover?
elements fit better when they were arranged according to atomic number
elements fit worse when arranged according to atomic number
elements with similar properties fall in the same column or group
the periodic table is sorted by atomic mass not number
164
the frequency of an em wave is 4.69x10
16
s
-1
. What is the wavelength of the radiation?
3.00x10ms-1
6.626x10-34J(S)
6.6x10-9m
6.40x10-9m
165
to predict the geometries of more complicated molecules what do you have to consider?
all of the electron pairs surrounding the bonded atoms
all of the electron pairs surrounding lone atoms
all of the electron pairs
all of the neutrons around the atom
166
C
8
H
8
= Carbon-8 and Hydrogen-8
True
False
167
if carbon is present, it is always the central atom
False
True
168
free elements and diatomic elements are assigned an oxidation state of zero
True
False
169
what is planck's constant
4.69x1016S-1
3.00x108ms-34
6.626
6.626x10-34J*S
170
the ___ of a chemical formula represents the ___ of the atoms that are bonded
ratio ; subscript
subscript ; ratio
subscript ; reaction
reaction ; subscript
171
N
3-
is Nitride
True
False
172
Atoms tend to be __ the further ___ a group they are found
Smaller ; down
Smaller ; up
Larger ; Down
Larger ; up
173
What is the Heisenberg uncertainty principle?
if you know where it is, you don't know when it is & vice versa
mathematical relationship among pressure, volume, temp, etc
It's impossible to determine both the position and velocity of an electron
174
The electrons to be lost, gained, or shared are not referred to as valence electrons
True
False
175
what are elements?
pure substances composed of multiple different atoms
Pure substances composed of only one kind of atom
Types of math equations
Impure substances composed only one kind of atom
176
Alkali Metals are called the ____
metaloids
noble gases
least reactive metals
most reactive metals
177
What is the mass in grams of 2.50mol H
2
SO
4
2500gH2SO4
243gH2SO4
256gH2SO4
243kgH2SO4
178
valence electrons are found in the S and P orbitals
False
True
179
What is a photon?
another word for a proton
another word for a neutron
a particle of em having several masses and carrying multiple energies
A particle of em having 0 mass and carrying one quantum of energy
180
Valence e
-
hold atoms together in chemical compounds
False
True
181
what does the P-block consist of?
group 2
metals, nonmetals, and metaloids
elements of groups 17-18
elements of groups 13-18
182
The idea of electron existing as both particles and waves at the same time was/is NOT troubling to scientists
False
True
183
what is a double covalent bond?
a bond in which there are multiple pairs of shared electrons
an ionic and covalent bond that is bonded together
a bond in which there is only one pair of shared electrons
a bond in which there are two pairs of shared electrons
184
what is the law of definite proportions?
two or more different compounds composed of same two elements
matter is neither created nor destroyed
a chemical compound contains same elements in same proportions by mass
how matter behaves in atomic reactions
185
Only one non-zero number can be written to the left of the decimal
True
False
186
VSEPR stands for Valence Electron Pair Repulsion
True
False
187
who came up with the Schrodinger wave equation?
Russian physicist Erwin Schrodinger
German physicist Werner Schrodinger
Schrodinger
German physicist Erwin Schrodinger
188
Group 1 metals in compounds are ALWAYS ....
+1
-2
-1
+2
189
metals do not have lower ionization energy
False
True
190
What are ions formed from a single atom?
covalent bonds
monatomic ions
diatomic ions
dipole-dipole forces
191
bonding is rarely purely ionic or covalent
True
False
192
Polar molecules have dipoles
False
True
193
when calculating using scientific notation, the answer will NOT have same number of significant figures as original
True
False
194
If you move your decimal left ___, if you move your decimal right ___
exponent is fake, exponent is real
exponent is negative, exponent is positive
exponent is positive, exponent is negative
exponent is real, exponent is fake
195
unshared electron pairs attract each other and assume positions in the molecule as far apart as they can be
True
False
196
For an ionic compound, the formula unit is usually the ___ formula for the compound
compound
Empiricle formula
proportional
empirides
197
__ give up electrons, __ gains electrons
Metaloids, nonmetals
metals, metaloids
nonmetals/metaloids, metals
metals, nonmetals/metaloids
198
what is the ionic formula for magnesium and oxygen?
Mg202
Mg202 = MgO
MgO
Magnesium and Oxygen
199
In general, ionization energies of the main group increase across a period
True
False
200
Define frequency
the number of waves that dont pass a given point in a specific time
a number of waves
amount of waves passing through space
the number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time
