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AP Psych Exam Review
AP Psych Exam Review
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AP Psych Review
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1
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
achievement test
aptitude test
EQ test
IQ test
2
which is an example of an implicit memory
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recognizing a celebrity
describing the taste of a birthday cake
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
3
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
the overjustification effect
the law of effect
social learning theory
4
patients who are described as "split brain" have had what structure removed
medulla oblongata
prefrontal cortex
hippocampus
corpus callosum
5
Amy has a cat. The first time she sees a rabbit she calls it a cat. Her mistake is due to
accommodation
discrimination
assimilation
habituation
6
Milgram's obedience study was criticized based on what ethical grounds
violation of confidentiality
risk of psychological harm
lack of debriefing
lack of informed consent
7
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
a desk and/or table
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
8
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
9
en route
to the visual cortex, information from the eyes' retinas crosses at the
feature detectors
fovea
optic nerve
optic chiasm
10
which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation
medulla
amygdala
hypothalamus
cerebellum
11
Vance's psychiatrist diagnoses him with bipolar disorder. Which medication would he prescribe
lithium
L-Dopa
SSRIs
benzodiazepines
12
Delusions and hallucinations are most characteristic of
dissociative identity disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
antisocial personality disorder
schizophrenia
13
10 YO Genna underwent a right hemispherectomy. What action best shows her neuroplasticity
speaking aloud
understanding what was said to her
moving her left hand
solving a logic problem
14
What is the purpose of the DSM
explain the symptoms and cures of disorders
describe the biopsychosocial causes of disorders
list the diagnostic criteria and symptoms of disorders
discuss theories related to the treatment of disorders
15
which of the following most impacts the speed of motor development
early gross motor practice
myelination of brain neurons
concrete operational exercises
secure attachment with parents
16
How would a person with schizophrenia most differ from a person with a dissociative disorder
a person with schizophrenia experiences hallucinations
a person with a dissociative disorder has delusions
a person with schizophrenia has more than one personality
a person with dissociative disorder has trouble keeping jobs
17
when first born, humans' dominant sense is
touch
smell
hearing
sight
18
a test which places someone into personality categories (e.g.extravert/introvert) is based on
psychodynamic theory
biological theory
social cognitive theroy
trait theory
19
At what age is the onset of schizophrenia most typical
mid 30s
late 40s
puberty
early 20s
20
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft
physical contact between dendrites
21
What kind of therapy involves both cognitive and behavioral interventions
rational emotive behavior therapy
aversion therapy
counterconditioning
systematic desensitization
22
Harlow's rhesus monkey experiment illustrated
that primates can make and use tools
the importance of physical contact to development
that language is a uniquely human skill
the danger of separating babies from their natural parents
23
According to Piaget, when we can't ______ new information, we change our schemas through ______
assimilate : accomodate
ignore : adaptation
reduce : stereotypes
reward : punishment
24
A therapist who tells a client to write down their depressed thoughts is using this perspective
cognitive
behavioral
structuralist
pharmacological
25
Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism states personality results from the interaction of
genetics, the unconscious, and social facilitation
traits, the environment, and behavior
rewards, punishments, and reinforcers
id, ego, and superego
26
Which is a common criticism of Freud's personality theory
it doesn't apply to people with disorders
his evidence comes from therapy sessions, not empirical data
Genetics was not advanced enough to be used as Freud tried
his research wasn't representative of the population
27
which type of therapist is most likely to prescribe lithium for a patient with bipolar disorder
cognitive psychotherapist
psychoanalyst
clinical psychologist
psychiatrist
28
which kinds of personality theorists would make use of a projective test
social-cognitive
psychoanalyst
humanist
trait
29
James is interested in the processing strategies children use to learn new information. He is a
clinical psychologist
sociocultural psychologist
cognitive psychologist
personality psychologist
30
Why are psychoanalysts interested in talking with patients about dreams
neurotransmitter anomalies cause dream disturbances
counter conditioned behaviors are often revealed in dreams
disturbing dreams are obstacles to self actualization
symbols in dreams represent unconscious conflicts
31
What would Piaget test to see if a child is in pre-operational or concrete operational stage
object permanence
attachment
universal ethical principles
conservation
32
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified
approach-avoidance
she does not have a conflict
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
33
When like-minded groups take more extreme positions than individuals comprising the group
social facilitation
groupthink
deindividuation
group polarization
34
what is the principle tool used in all forms of psychotherapy
cognitive-behavioral interventions
biomedical interventions
talking to a patient
secondary preventions
35
which of the following terms applies to IQ tests
projective
triarchic
achievement
standardized
36
Pat is laughing because she just won the lottery. Sal thinks she is a fun person. Sal's opinion
is influenced by the just world hypothesis
is influenced by the fundamental attribution error
is influenced by the self-serving bias
is influenced by the norm of reciprocity
37
Which is one of the key factors distinguishing major depressive disorder from sadness
lasts longer than 2 weeks without an obvious cause
specific changes in the brain
normal sadness is much less intense than depression
sadness is paired with heightened senses and mania
38
A person who experiences flashbacks after a serious car accident is likely to be diagnosed with
panic disorder
bipolar disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
dissociative identity disorder
39
which disorder would respond best to cognitive behavioral therapy
major depressive disorder
schizophrenia
dissociative identity disorder
bipolar disorder
40
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
41
Lana learns how to be goalie as her coach gradually rolls the ball faster at parts the goal
token economy
higher-order conditioning
behavior shaping
law of effect
42
what kinds of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time
extrinsic motivation
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
need for achievement
43
Which of the following is LEAST likely to contribute to prejudice
stereotyping
superordinate goals
scapegoating
out-group homogeneity
44
an A+ grade in a class is which kind of reinforcer
secondary
partial
primary
continuous
45
Sherif's Robbers Cave study indicates that this principle best reduces tensions between groups
diffusion of responsibility
group polarization
deindividuation
superordinate goals
46
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter
serotonin
dopamine
adrenaline
acetylcholine
47
Garcia and Koelling's research on aversions established which UCS/CS pairs as most powerful
movement and electrical shocks
punishment and aversion
performing a task and receiving food
nausea and food or drink
48
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
proactive interference
semantic encoding
long-term potentiation
49
Which structure is located at the most central and protected part of the brain
medulla
cerebellum
cerebral cortex
sensory cortex
50
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe
classical conditioning
instrumental learning
observational learning
operant conditioning
51
which structure is part of the inner ear
malleus (hammer)
tympanic membrane
basilar membrane
auditory canal
52
our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
binocular and monocular cues
proximity and similarity
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
top-down and bottom-up processing
53
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept is related to this statement
absolute threshold
difference threshold
frequency theory
sensory adaptation
54
which of the following statistics provides most information about how spread out a data set is
median
range
standard deviation
mean
55
Runners in a park increase their speed when another runner comes into view. This illustrates
disinhibition
social facilitation
conformity
social roles
56
Ryan suffers from constant, low-level arousal of his autonomic NS. He most likely suffers from
major depressive disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
obsessive-compulsive disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
57
people who catch violent movies are more likely to behave violently: this statement reflects
insight learning
observational learning
latent learning
counterconditioning
58
which would a researcher need to use to determine whether experiment data is significant
standard deviation
descriptive statistics
counterbalancing
inferential statistics
59
Which part of the brain is "newest" in an evolutionary sense
cerebral cortex
pons
hypothalamus
cerebellum
60
A personality test which calls Jan an extravert the first time and an introvert the next lacks
test-retest reliability
aptitude measures
construct validity
standardization
61
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the WISC (M: 100, SD:15)
68
50
84
95
62
What was one of the factors that increased conformity in Asch's studies
wearing guard uniforms
placebo effect
size of the group
presence of an authority figure
63
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
confirmation bias
inattentional blindness
framing effects
representativeness heuristic
64
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
65
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
environmental factors that influence intelligence
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
nonessential subjects like art and music
66
4YO Kate sits right in front of all the other kids to watch a magician. According to Piaget,
Kate is demonstrating egocentrism
Kate cannot reason hypothetically
Kate lacks object permanence
Kate has a lack of conservation
67
psychogenic amnesia is an indication of which kind of psychological disorder
anixety
dissociative
personality
schizophrenic
68
the limbic system plays an important role in
maintaining balance
processing sensory information
regulating emotion
planning for the future
69
According to Kohlberg, in order to reason at the postconventional level, people must
believe in God
be able to take another person's perspective
resolve the integrity vs. despair conflict
have been exposed to good, moral role models
70
children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to
contralateral control
neuroplasticity
hemispheric lateralization
effective psychological environment
71
learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
the Oedipus complex
unconditional positive regard
an external locus of control
the self-serving bias
72
When running for class president, Edy puts pictures of herself everywhere. Why might this help
deindividuation
central route persuasion
foot-in-the-door phenomenon
mere-exposure effect
73
Julie is more alert in the morning; John in the evening. This is because of differences in
daily activities
sleep cycles
circadian rhythm
personalities
74
How would a psychometrician interpret an IQ score of 145
slightly above average
three standard deviations above the mean of 100
the person has high verbal bot low logical intelligence
well below the average of 200
75
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
76
Research indicates that which factor most influences one's sexual orientation
masculine/feminine personality traits
parenting style
hormones released in the womb
traumatic childhood experiences
77
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
split-half reliability
content validity
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
78
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again
negative reinforcement
modeling
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
79
After a natural disaster Faye says, "Serves them right for not having better warning systems."
Barnum effect
just world bias
false consensus effect
self-serving bias
80
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
variances
modes
normally distributed
outliers
81
What area of psychology focuses on subjective well-being, optimism, self-esteem, and happiness
health psychology
positive psychology
psychometrics
social psychology
82
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
random sampling
representative assignment
assignment to conditions
random assignment
83
authoritarian parents demonstrate
low warmth and high control
low warmth and low control
high warmth and high control
high warmth and low control
84
Someone who fails an exam and reacts by studying longer probably has this locus of control
fundamental
situational
external
internal
85
negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior
add : decrease
remove : increase
remove : decrease
remove : punish
86
which of the following is most likely to lead to a confabulated memory
relearning effect
proactive interference
brain injury
leading questions
87
Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation experiment studied what developmental concept
parenting style
motor development
attachment
assimilation
88
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
developmental study
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
social-cognitive study
89
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
optic nerve
cornea
cones
rods
90
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
the reconstructive nature of memory
91
What kind of personality theorist would be most interested in the results of the MMPI
biological
trait
humanistic
psychoanalytic
92
In the 3-box model of information processing, memories are first stored in
long-term memory
procedural memory
short-term memory
sensory memory
93
a musicians ability to discern between 2 similar pitches depends on which concept
absolute threshold
signal detection theory
bottom up processing
difference threshold
94
Which theory would assert that a key motivation for people is spreading their genetic material
humanistic
evolutionary
psychodynamic
cognitive
95
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people think of the employee as male
linguistic relativity hypothesis
principle of continuity
gender schema theory
the social role hypothesis
96
Which theory explains how experiences from infancy through old age influence personality
Piaget's cognitive development theory
Harlow's contact comfort theory
Erikson's psychosocial stage theory
Kohlberg's moral development theory
97
a charity includes free address labels in its fundraising letters to increase contributions
self-fulfilling prophecy
fundamental attribution error
out-group homogeneity
reciprocity norm
98
which 2 competing theories explain the effects of hypnosis
role theory and dissociation theory
conscious level and non conscious level
circadian rhythm and paradoxical sleep
manifest content and latent content
99
According to humanist theory, psychological disorders are most likely caused by
unhealthy attributional styles
neurochemical imbalances
unfulfilled needs
learned associations
100
the somatic nervous system is part of the
peripheral nervous system
central nervous system
sympathetic nervous system
autonomic nervous system
101
Which of the therapies below is no longer used to treat patients
gestalt therapy
prefrontal lobotomy
free association
electro-convulsive shock therapy
102
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
postconventional
theory Y
approach-avoidance
103
which technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias
Hawthorne effect
counterbalancing
double blind study
single blind study
104
the "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
holobase
grapheme
phoneme
105
Dan is a toddler who avoids eye contact and resists to changes to routine. He shows symptoms of
fetal alcohol syndrome
Down syndrome
autism spectrum disorder
mental retardation
106
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
a theory
self-serving bias
hindsight bias
overconfidence
107
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
range
median
standard deviation
mean
108
which newborn reflex helps infants find and eat food
Babinski
stepping
rooting
Moro
109
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
110
A teacher ignoring her students' prior grades so her opinion of them is not influenced avoids
fundamental attribution error
cognitive dissonance
self-fulfilling prophecy
self-serving bias
111
Erikson's initiative vs. guilt stage is most closely related to Freud's
oral stage
anal stage
phallic stage
latency period
112
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
linear perspective
closure
convergence
retinal disparity
113
seeing someone at the grocery store and remembering their name is an example of
retroactive memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
recall
episodic memory
114
light enters the eye through an opening in the
fovea
retina
iris
blind spot
115
Which personality theory is criticized for its overly optimistic view of human nature
humanistic
psychoanalytic
cognitive
trait
116
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they involve more research participants than other studies
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
117
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
achieving physiological homeostasis
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
118
Of the following, children will most likely develop this skill first
clap their hands
write with a pencil
cut with a knife
say a sentence
119
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support
social facilitation theory
James-Lange theory
opponent process theory
Schachter two-factor theory
120
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
121
counterconditioning lies at the heart of which therapeutic approach
systematic desensitization
token economies
REBT
client-centered therapy
122
An EEG of Cyrus after he has been asleep for about an hour would show primarily
sleep spindles
delta waves
alpha waves
beta waves
123
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
124
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
125
When Susie went to prom with Dan, Max channeled his feelings of frustration into artwork
displacement
sublimation
reaction formation
projection
126
According to Freud, what is the dominant factor in determining our personality traits
secondary drives and needs
unconscious conflicts
genetics and nutrition
parenting styles
127
in the nature vs. nurture debate, nature is most closely associated with
environment
temperament
family
culture
128
Which of the following is found in Jung's model of the collective unconscious
archetypes
repressed memories
functional fixedness
inferiority complexes
129
What factors are ignored when people commit the fundament attribution error
dispositional
situational
behavioral
social
130
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
rTMS
EEG
PET
MRI
131
Which of the following has been linked to a deficit of dopamine
autism
Parkinson's disease
major depressive disorder
Alzheimer's disease
132
Which of the following models of personality is the least deterministic
psychodynamic
biological
humanistic
evolutionary
133
what is the first step in any example of classical conditioning
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
134
Withdrawal symptoms are most directly caused by this process
tolerance
dissociation
activation-synthesis
antagonists
135
which psychologist would agree w/the following: behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
William James
Albert Bandura
Carl Rogers
B.F. Skinner
136
Which is an important technique used by humanist psychologists during therapy
unconditional positive regard
defense mechanisms
factor analysis
secondary central dispositions
137
turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound
frequency of the wave
transduction of the wave
pitch of the tone
amplitude of the wave
138
physiological reactions like surprise or shock are controlled by which part of the NS
sympathetic nervous system
endocrine system
serotonin system
somatic nervous system
139
Sigmund Freud made this perspective popular in Western Europe at the turn of the 20th century
psychoanalytic
cognitive
behavioral
evolutionary
140
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
unconditioned response
stimulus discrimination
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
141
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
make new friends
go for a run
142
Restarting your printer over and over but failing to notice it is out of paper demonstrates
belief perseverance
a mental set
divergent thinking
low experiential intelligence
143
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning
modeling
latent learning
mirror neurons
sublimation
144
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
a strong superego
low self-esteem
high self-efficacy
an extraverted personality
145
People who are easily hypnotizable are likely to score highly on which Big 5 trait
extraversion
openness
neuroticism
conscientiousness
146
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
147
Which is most closely associated with creativity
functional fixedness
contextual intelligence
divergent thinking
hypothesis testing
148
damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense
hearing
sight
balance
touch
149
REM sleep deprivation generally causes what kinds of side effects
intense, prolonged periods of Stage 3 & 4 sleep
heightened manifest dream content
sleep apnea and night terrors
interference with memory tasks
150
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language
serial position effect
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
151
Which technique would be most helpful in avoiding the problems associated with groupthink
identifying approach-avoidance conflicts
responding to deindividuation among group members
increasing group polarization within different groups
encouraging contrary opinions within the group
152
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan
case study
naturalistic observation
correlation study
experiment
153
The fact that our ears are located on opposite sides of our head best helps us with
sensory adaptation
sound localization
hearing high frequencies
detecting absolute threshold
154
Which question would be most useful to test Kohlberg's idea of pre & post-conventional morality
at what age can children reason abstractly
If 3 are taken from a group of 12, how many are left
what is the best way to respond to a baby crying in her crib
should you tell a small lie to not hurt someone's feelings
155
classical conditioning involves __________; operant conditioning involves __________
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
learned responses; physiological reactions
schedules; punishers
156
which social psychology principle best explains prejudice
compliance strategies
self-serving bias
in-group bias
individualism
157
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
opponent-process theory
transduction theory
gate-control theory
frequency theory
158
In people, rods, unlike cones,
are unable to detect motion
are located in the center of the retina
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors
159
What number will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a probability of chance less than 5%
a mean that is the same as the median
160
what kind of symptom is common among all somatic symptom disorders
substance abuse and dependence
experiencing a physical problem without a physical cause
inappropriate or flat affect
disconnection from reality and delusions
161
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
multiple intelligences
fluid intelligence
crystallized intelligence
aptitude intelligence
162
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is
continuous
fixed variable
fixed ratio
variable interval
163
Which is most directly involved in the electrical aspect of neurotransmission
synaptic cleft
myelin
neurotransmiters
terminal button