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OCR A-level RS - Ethics Flashcards | StudBud
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OCR A-level RS - Ethics
OCR A-level RS - Ethics
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1
Which theories do you need to be able to apply to sexual ethics?
Natural law and situation ethics
Kantian ethics and utilitarianism
All of them!
Natural law and utilitarianism
2
Who described conscience as 'the whispering voice of God'?
Augustine
Newman
Butler
Aquinas
3
Who had an intuitionist view of conscience?
Butler
Aquinas
Fromm
Augustine
4
What does Aquinas distinguish between?
Real and pleasurable goods
Real and emotive goods
Real and potential goods
Real and apparent goods
5
What empirical “facts” does Utilitarianism start with?
Good and bad
Virtue and vice
Right and wrong
Pleasure and pain
6
Which is NOT Kant’s formula?
The Hedonic Calculus
The universal law
The kingdom of ends
Humans as ends, not means
7
Which Greek philosopher’s theory is Natural Law based upon?
Plato
Aristotle
Parmenides
Heraclitus
8
Natural Law says that the telos of sex is?
Procreation
Pleasure
Adultery
Fornication
9
How does Fletcher describe the conscience?
Adjective
Adverb
Verb
Noun
10
What is the idea that there can be no fixed rules about what is or is not a legitimate sexual relationship?
Queer theory
Liberty theory
Sexy theory
Chastity theory
11
Situation Ethics could be described as what?
Objective
Absolute
Relative
Deontological
12
Which of the following are Fletcher's four working principles?
Pragmatism, personalism, conscience, telos
Pragmatism, personalism, positivism, relativism
Pragmatism, personalism, rationality, relativism
Pragmatism, duty, conscience, relativism
13
The idea that around the world economies, industries, markets, cultures and policy-making is integrated is known as?
Corporate social responsibility
Consumerism
Whistle-blowing
Globalisation
14
Who argued that there is not one fixed set meaning for the term sexuality?
Faucault
Satre
Camus
Singer
15
What do you have to universalise?
A maxim
A hypothetical imperative
An intuition
An emotion
16
Aquinas thought that conscience was an aspect of…
Reason
Agape
Love
Emotion
17
Which of the following terms best describes an action having two consequences, one intended and one unintended?
Double cream
Single effect
Emotive effect
Double effect
18
What are statements that are not subject to truth or falsity?
Cognitive
Non-cognitive
Deductive
Inductive
19
Who developed Piaget's developmental view of conscience and proposed six stages of the conscience?
Fromm
Jung
Kohlberg
Freud
20
According to Freud, where does the mind store moral teaching and social rules received during upbringing?
Ego
Super-ego
Libido
Id
21
What does euthanasia literally mean?
A compassionate death
A good death
A happy death
Suffering
22
What is the belief that values can be defined in terms of some natural property in the world?
Prescriptivism
Intuitionism
Emotivism
Naturalism
23
What is the telos of humans for Aristotle ?
To love
To fight well
To use reasoning well
To be emotional
24
Who is the founder of Situation Ethics?
Immanuel Kant
Antony Flew
Joseph Fletcher
J.S. Mill
25
Spot the primary precept
Follow your instincts
Preserve life
Follow your emotions
Be compassionate
26
Which intuitionist criticises naturalism with the naturalistic fallacy?
Foot
Stevenson
Moore
Vardy
27
Spot TWO of the principles of the Hedonic Calculus?
Duration and telos
Intensity and emotion
Intensity and duration
Intensity and telos
28
Who thought that sex led men away from reason and was a reminder of the Fall?
Anselm
Augustine
Aquinas
Aristotle
29
Who was one of the founders of psychoanalysis?
Skinner
Freud
Kohlberg
Piaget
30
Aquinas believed in primary...?
Concepts
Actions
Beliefs
Precepts
31
Which issue is strongly connected to euthanasia?
Fertility treatments
Personhood
Animal rights
Abortion
32
What is Kant’s first name?
Immanuel
Gabriel
Benjamin
Jacob
33
What are Kant’s three postulates?
Freedom, Immortality, God
Freedom, Mortality, God
Freedom, Justice, God
Temperance, Mortality, God
34
What is the name Aquinas gives to the process whereby a person’s reason makes moral judgements?
Concupiscience
Cupiditas
Caritas
Conscientia
35
Which of the following terms would Aquinas NOT use?
Utilitarian
Actuality
Potentiality
Telos
36
Kant thought that moral knowledge is…?
A posteriori
Impossible
A priori
Inclination
37
Bentham can be described as a what?
Gimp
Hedonist
Egoist
Sophist
38
In which book of the Bible is this found "a man.. is united to his wife, and they become one flesh"?
Genesis
Leviticus
Numbers
Exodus
39
Which theory focuses on making general rules that follow the principle of utility?
Positive Utilitarianism
Negative Utilitarianism
Act Utilitarianism
Rule Utilitarianism
40
Who based their pschological view of conscience on cognitive development?
Newman
Fromm
Butler
Piaget
41
Which biblical figures' daughters got him drunk to have sex with him?
David
Noah
Job
Lot
42
What concept which means 'final cause' does Aristotle use?
Telos
Democracy
Oligarchy
Eudaimonia
43
Which term means sex before marriage?
Natural Law
Premarital sex
Procreation
Extramarital sex
44
Which of the following arguments is often used against legal euthanasia?
Ad hominem
Straw man
Disanalogy
Slippery slope
45
Where is this quote from - “So God created mankind in his own image, in the image of God he created them”?
Leviticus
Exodus
Deuteronomy
Genesis
46
A 'moral compass' inside humans is often known as?
Conscience
Sensitivity
Love
Emotion
47
What are the two types of ignorance according to Aquinas?
Vincible and invincible
Culpable and not culpable
Platonic and Aristotelian
Right and wrong
48
Spot TWO of the principles of the Hedonic Calculus?
Remoteness and emotion
Remoteness and vice
Certainty and eudaimonia
Certainty and remoteness
49
When an employee decides to make known publically their belief that a company has acted unethically is known as?
Whistle-blowing
Consumerism
Corporate social responsibility
Globalisation
50
Who originally came up with Utilitarianism?
Hume
Kant
Bentham
Mill
51
Which of the following would NOT be a secondary precept?
Do not euthanize
Live peacefully in a community
Don’t have an abortion
Use contraception to avoid pregnancy
52
What are statements that can either be true or false?
Inductive
Deductive
Cognitive
Non-cognitive
53
The command to 'love your neighbour' is known as what?
The golden rule
The silver rule
The pure rule
The good rule
54
Which term means to refrain from having sex?
Polyamory
Frigidity
Promiscuity
Celibacy
55
What type of ethical theory is Utilitarianism?
Deontological
Non-natural
Teleological
Absolutist
56
Which philosopher was hugely influenced by Aristotle in his development of Natural Law?
St. Thomas Aquinas
J.S. Mill
David Hume
Jeremy Bentham
57
Spot TWO of the principles of the Hedonic Calculus?
Purity and vice
Purity and virtue
Richness and purity
Richness and solemnity
58
A person who has invested money in a business in return for a share of the profits is known as?
Capitalist
Consumer
Shareholder
Stakeholder
59
Which two theories do you need to be able to apply to business ethics?
Kantian ethics and utilitarianism
Natural law and situation ethics
Situation ethics and Kantian ethics
Natural law and utilitarianism
60
Which of these is NOT a primary precept?
Defend the innocent
Learn/educate the young
Reproduce
Eat healthily
61
Who published 'Offences against one's self', arguing for homosexual law reform in 1785.
Hume
Kant
Mill
Bentham
62
What principle does situation ethics follow?
Unconditional love
Telos
Utility
Duty
63
Which of the following words means to do good and avoid evil?
Ratio
Synderesis
Eudaimonia
Conscience
64
Bentham’s formula is called the _________ calculus?
Emotive
Anthropomorphic
Geographic
Hedonic
65
In which book is this found "If a man has sexual relations with a man... both of them have committed an abomination"?
Numbers
Leviticus
Genesis
Exodus
66
According to Freud, where are the instinctive impulses that seek satisfaction and pleasure held?
Super-ego
Libido
Id
Ego
67
What is the belief that basic moral truths are indefinable but self-evident?
Intuitionism
Naturalism
Prescriptivism
Emotivism
68
Who said "It is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied"?
Hume
Kant
Bentham
Mill
69
There are four tiers of law for Aquinas. Which of the following is divine law?
Intuition
Revelation
Emotions
Pleasure
70
Which is NOT one of the four tiers of law?
Human law
Natural law
Emotive law
Divine law
71
Which of these ideas is NOT to do with the sanctity of life?
Life has intrinsic value
Human life is made in God's image
Life has instrumental value
Life is sacred
72
What does Kant say you should follow in working out what to do morally?
Intuition
A categorical imperative
Telos
A hypothetical imperative
73
According to Freud, what is the mediator between desires and the demands of social interaction?
Super-ego
Id
Ego
Libido
74
Which of these terms is the idea that life has to possess certain attributes in order to have value?
Life after death
Quality of life
Personhood
Sanctity of life
75
Many couples live together and have sex and perhaps have children without getting married, this is known as…?
Bigamy
Exclusivity
Fidelity
Cohabitation
76
Doctors have to make the…?
Hippocratic oath
Anthropic oath
Egocentric oath
Autocratic oath
77
Which term means sex outside of marriage?
Premarital sex
Procreation
Extramarital sex
Natural Law
78
Which of these would NOT be wrong for Aquinas?
Masturbation
Extramarital sex
Homosexual sex
Procreative sex in marriage
79
What is the belief that ethical terms evince approval or disapproval?
Emotivism
Prescriptivism
Intuitionism
Naturalism
80
What is the only method of family planning that the Catholic Church condones?
Condoms
Rhythm method
Implant
The pill
81
Which of the following is when a person's life is ended without their consent but is seen as in their best interests?
Non-voluntary euthanasia
Suicide
Voluntary euthanasia
Involuntary euthanasia
82
Which does NOT explain the good will?
Not motivated by consequences
It is consequentialist
Is motivated by “reverence for the law”
Good in itself
83
Which of the following is an ethical naturalist?
Ross
Bradley
Prichard
Ayer
84
Who said famously "to conscience first and to the Pope afterwards”?
St. Anselm
Cardinal Newman
Thomas Moore
St. Thomas Aquinas
85
Spot the hypothetical imperative
“Obey!”
“Shut that door!”
“If you want to lose weight, eat less”
“The law is the law!”
86
Who believed people should only marry if they could not control their sexual desires?
St Paul
St Aquinas
Jesus
St Augustine
87
Which of the following is when a person's life is ended at their consent?
Voluntary euthanasia
Non-voluntary euthanasia
Involuntary euthanasia
Suicide
88
Which term sums up Kant’s theory?
Consequentialist
Deontological
Utilitarian
Teleological
89
Who wrote of the immature and the mature conscience?
Butler
Kohlberg
Jung
Fromm
90
A person with an interest or concern in something, for example, an employee or a customer, is known as?
Consumer
Capitalist
Stakeholder
Shareholder
91
Which type of love is most important in Situation Ethics?
Agape
Philos
Storge
Eros
92
The difference between Mill and Bentham is that Mill focuses on…?
Quantity of pleasure experienced
Preferences
Emotions
Quality of pleasures experienced
93
What did Fletcher say about justice?
It is absolute
It is beyond the senses
It is love distributed
It isn’t real
94
The motive for moral action for Kant is…?
Pleasure
Mutual self-interest
Duty
Immediate inclinations
95
A sense that businesses have wider responsibilities than simply to shareholders is known as?
Consumerism
Whistle-blowing
Globalisation
Corporate social responsibility
96
Which of the following is when action is taken to end a patients life (also known as medical intervention)?
Active euthanasia
Passive euthanasia
Eugenics
Murder
97
Which of the following is when a patient is allowed to die (also known as medical non-intervention)?
Passive euthanasia
Eugenics
Murder
Active euthanasia
98
Kant believes humans have…?
No value
Instrumental value
Intrinsic value
Emotional value
99
Which of the following is a logical positivist and emotivist, who believes ethical language is meaningless?
Foot
Ross
Prichard
Ayer
100
Which of these theories would definitely NOT allow voluntary euthanasia?
Virtue ethics
Situation ethics
Utilitarianism
Natural law