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Anthro 1 Final Exam Prep
Anthro 1 Final Exam Prep
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Study for the final exam for Biological Anthropology
Flashcards
70 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
70
Answers
1
The first stone tools were probably made and used by...
Homo habilis
Homo erectus
Ardipithecus ramidus
Australopithecus garhi
2
This is the genus thought to be before the divergence of OWM and NWM
Heidelbergensis
Australopithecus
Proteopithecus
Paranthropus
3
Who were the first possible hominins?
Orrorin, Australopithecus, Paranthropus
Sahelanthropus, Orrorin, Ardipithecus
Homo, Ardipithecus, Paranthropus
Homo, Orrorin, Australopithecus
4
Cultural practices leave marks on our bones
False
True
5
Which is the oldest true hominoid and possible ancestor to OWM and hominoids?
Aegyptopithecus
Ardipithecus
Paranthropus
Australopithecus
6
Australopithecus
africanus
were probably...
Prey
Predators
7
Humans exhibit a clear bimodal distribution with regards to biological sex
True: There is no overlap between the sexes
False: roughly 2% of the population is considered intersex
8
Human variation is non-concordant
False: explains why human variation is easily classified
True: explains why race is not a biological reality
9
The two theories of modern human evolution and migration are:
Mitochondrial Eve and Mitochondrial Adam Hypotheses
Out of Africa and Out of Europe Hypotheses
Out of Africa and Multiregional Hypotheses
New World and Old World Hypotheses
10
Sickle-cell anemia is an example of:
Gene Mutation
Biocultural Evolution
Founder Effect
Bottleneck effect
11
Why are there debates about species like
Homo rudolfensis
and
Homo habilis
?
Researchers across the globe don't communicate
Scientists require full skeletons to clearly speciate
Some species are thought to be hoaxes
Lived at the same time in the same area, may be variations
12
The discovery of a Neanderthal hyoid bone indicated Neanderthals could probably talk like us
False
True
13
The three types of bone cells are...
Osteoporosis, osteology, osteons
Osteoblasts, osteoclysts, osteotubes
Osteons, osteos, osteaes
Osteoblasts, osteoclasts, osteocytes
14
What is one hypothesis about how taming fire helped humans evolve?
Fire helped process food, allowing our brains to develop
Fire kept us warm, allowing us to think more clearly
Fire allowed us to become bipedal
Fire allowed us to become more proficient hunters
15
In the Upper Paleolithic, tool technology...
remained the same (Mousterian, Acheulean, Levallois)
failed to reflect the cultural diversity witnessed in art
noticeably diversified with regional differentiation
was largely non-functional
16
These three species all lived at the same time
Homo sapien, Homo floresiensis, Homo rudolfensis
Homo habilis, Homo rudolfensis, and Paranthropus boisei
Homo neanderthalensis, Homo erectus, Au. afarensis
Homo sapien, Homo habilis, Homo erectus
17
Race and gender are easily determined from skeletal remains
False
True
18
What does the term 'hominin' mean?
Humans
All Apes
African Great Apes
Great Apes
19
Which Epoch is considered the age of the Hominoids?
Miocene
Eocene
Pleistocene
Paleocene
20
_________ = a physiological disruption resulting from poor environmental circumstances
Mutation
Disease
Cancer
Stress
21
Homo erectus
is often classified as a geographic variation of this species of human ancestor
Homo rudolfensis
Homo heidelbergensis
Homo floresiensis
Homo ergaster
22
Homo neanderthalensis
had _______ brains compared with
Homo sapiens.
Equivalent
Smaller
Bigger
23
Why did hominins appear?
Sexual dimorphism and male provisions for females
Climactic perturbations and generalized adaptations
Development of bipedalism and opposable thumbs
Climactic stasis and specialized adaptations
24
What did the milestones of changing jaw, teeth, and cranial capacity observed in
Au.
lead to?
Communication and speech pattern
Evolution of the human brain
All of these and more
Food consumption
25
Who is the possible great ape ancestor?
Orrorin tugenensis
Pierolapithecus catalunicus
Sahelanthropus tchadensis
Gigantopithecus
26
These two types of Eocene primates (early primates) are thought to be 'strange' Strepsirhines
Eosimias and Happlorhines
Atapids and Omomyids
Atapids and Eosimias
Omomyids and Apidiums
27
Understanding the specifics of bone growth is important because it can help us to determine:
the life-history of an individual
the identity of an individual
the ancestry of an individual
the age of an individual
28
Homo heidelbergensis
introduced this new technology: ________ Technique
Levallois
Oldowan
Clovis
Acheulean
29
What did the developments of the
Homo ergaster
skull probably mean for brain reorganization?
Larger lobes assoc. w/ memory and integration, Broca's area
Larger frontal lobe associated with bipedalism
Nothing, the brains were still small and uninteresting
Absence of evidence of language, but devel. of creativity
30
Evidence of the symbolic thought and cultural complexes of Neanderthals includes
Burials and Grave Goods
Non-functional objects like necklaces
Art and music
All of the above
31
Which features in
Australopithecines
indicate movement toward bipedalism?
Large canines and skull, short arms
Long legs, honing complex, opposable toes
Toes, arches, femur, broad pelvis,
Cone-like rib cage, tibia, big toe
32
Homo floresiensis
was likely small due to the fact that...
they were pygmies
the only specimens found were children
they suffered from microcephaly
they were impacted by insular or island dwarfism
33
To what does the term "hominoids" refer?
African Great Apes
All Apes
Great Apes
Just Humans
34
The ability to digest milk
Developed in concert with dairy farming
Is a mutation of a gene
Is natural in humans of all ages
is most common in East Asian populations
35
Shovel-incisors are an example of a non-metric ancestry trait that can be explained by:
Bottlenecking
Genetic Drift
Genetic Flow
Founder Effect
36
What do
Homo dmanisi
fossils in Georgia tell us?
Hominins that left Africa immediately died in dif. environs.
There are clear 'missing links' in hominin species
Hominins left Africa much earlier than previously thought
Hominins developed outside of Africa
37
_______: Belong to a culture that uses a non-binary gender categorization
Women
Neanderthalensis
Hijras
Dmanisi
38
What are the four types of bones
Long, tall, round, cuboid
Long, short, flat, irregular
Weird, normal, plain, fancy
Short, tall, round, square
39
Long term adaptations include
Skin melanin
Body Shape
Altitude sickness
Sunburn
40
What is the type of tool technology pictured here called (the oldest tool technology)?
Acheulean
Levallois
Mousterian
Oldowan
41
How did individuals like the famous 'Java Man' probably get to Java Island in Indonesia?
Swam in low tide
Walked over land bridges
Flew on the backs of pterodactyls
Early boat technology
42
Which is the 'newest'
Australopithecus
that shares features with
Homo
genus?
Au. sediba
Au. africanus
Au. Afarensis
Au. garhi
43
Founder effect resulted in a higher frequency of __________ in Polynesians
Wet ear wax
Insular Dwarfism
Sickle-cell anemia
Shovel-Shaped Incisors
44
The following features are used by bioarchaeologists and forensic anthro to age an individual:
Sinuses, brow ridge, teeth shape, suture obliteration
Teeth, suture closure, epiphyseal fusion, pubic symphysis
Hairline, ear size, nose size
Census records, birth certificate
45
In what type of ecologies do hominins first appear?
Beside Lakes
Open Savanah
Mixed ecology
Forest
46
Lamellar bone is...
Cortical (compact) and Trabecular (spongy)
Immature bone
Plastic
Mature bone
47
This type of tool pictured here was made and used by later
Homo erectus
groups
Mousterian Flake
Levallois Technique
Acheulean Handaxe
Clovis Point
48
What have we learned from Biological Anthropology?
Modern Human Biology
Paleoanthropology
Genetics and Evolutionary Theory
Primatology
49
Francis Galton
1st challenged simple genetic explanations for variation
Studied variation with IQ tests, advocated for sterilization
A toothless specimen found that suggested elder care
Founder of American Anthropology
50
Creativity in the Paleolithic...
was non-existent
flourished and included figurines and cave paintings
was less impressive than Neanderthal art
was minimal, only exhibited in grave goods
51
The founder of American Anthropology
Charles Darwin
Franz Boas
Patrick Kirch
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
52
Homo ergaster/erectus
show the first evidence of...
Cultural sophistication through cave painting
Cultural sophistication through music
Cultural sophistication through language
Cultural sophistication through possible stone carving
53
Who is 'mitochondrial eve'?
The mythical ancestor of all humans
The 'missing link' between humans and apes
The mother of dragons
The female ancestor in Africa to whom all mtDNA traces
54
Homo sapiens
and
Homo neanderthalensis
never came into contact with one another.
True
False
55
What can we learn from bones?
Past social behaviors
Identify individual remains
Human evolution
Modern human biology
56
Homo dmanisi
and
Homo neanderthalensis
_______ , indicating social collaboration
Talked to one another
Exhibited sexual dimorphism
Raised their young
Cared for elders
57
Define Forensic Anthropology
Skeletal knowledge and archaeology, answers anthro questions
Applies skeletal biology to a medico-legal context
The morphological analysis of the skeleton
Accurately portrayed by Temperance Brennan in her FBI cases
58
During which epoch do we see the first true hominoids?
Oligocene
Miocene
Paleocene
Eocene
59
Adaptations moving from
Australopithecines
to
Homo
genus
Fully bipedal, suspensory adaptation, specialized habitats
Large molars, reduced canines, high sexual dimorphism
Enlarged brain, fully bipedal, diverse habitats
Grassland habitat, large molars, ape-size brain
60
An example of short term adaptations is:
More melanin in the skin
Elongated form for hot climates
Skin cancer
Suntan
61
The advent of agriculture immediately improved the health and life expectancy of humans
True: Agriculture meant more people living together helping
False: Higher pop.=more disease, ag.=less nutrition, caries
True: Humans had access to more consistent nutrition
False: The domesticated food was poisonous at first
62
In Tanzania, feature associated with
Australopithecus afarensis
and suggested early bipedalism
Tanzania handprints
Laetoli footprints
The first known pair of shoes
Evidence of controlled fire
63
Developmental adjustments to the environment include:
Shorter limbs in hot climates
Bigger chest at high altitudes
Lighter skin at the equator
Smaller body in cold climates
64
Which answer provides the best possible explanation for how OWM and NWM diverged?
Continental Drift
Niche adaptation
All of the above
Rafting (accidental floating) from Old World to New World
65
This is the oldest primate fossil, found in China and dating to 55mya
Archicebus
Necrolemur
Eosimias
Darwinius masilae
66
An example of perimortem pathology is:
healed gunshot wound
Broken hyoid bone
Infection
Repaired fracture
67
Why was Ardi the
Ardipithecus
fossil so important?
Her skeleton indicated she lived in mixed ecology
Scientists were able to determine her locomotion was mixed
Her skeleton indicated early bipedalism
All of the above
68
When do researchers think the split between humans and apes occurred?
1-2mya
5-7mya
25mya
4mya
69
Enamal Hypoplasia...
cannot inform us of a person's life history
is not observable after death
is caused by too much sugar in the diet
is a defect of enamel that occurs while teeth are developing
70
Sex determination is most reliable when using features from both the:
Rib cage and femurs
Skull and feet
Pelvis and hand
Pelvis and skull
