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RAD225 Lower Extremity Flashcards | StudBud
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RAD225 Lower Extremity
RAD225 Lower Extremity
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1
Where would the interphalangeal joint be found in the foot?
Btwn any of the metatarsals and the phalanges
Btwn the phalanges of the second through fifth digits
Btwn the tarsal bones and the phalanges
Btwn the phalanges of the first digit
2
Pt. has history of Lisfranc injury. Which of the following would best demonstrate this condition?
AP stress view of the ankle
AP weight-bearing knee projection
Weight-bearing foot series
Tangential projection
3
The patellofemoral joint is a _____ joint with a ______ type of movement.
synovial; saddle
synovial; bicondylar
fibrous; immovable
synovial,; ginglymus
4
Which of the follwoing pathologic conditions is a common type of aseptic or ischemic necrosis?
Metastatic carcinoma
Osteroarthritis
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Ankylosing spondilitis
5
Using the hip localization method, the femoral head can be located:
1" below the midpoint of the line between the two bony landmarks
at the level of the symphysis pubis
1.5" below the midpoint of the line between the bony landmarks
2.5" below the midpoint of the line between the two bony landmarks
6
Which of the following conditions will produce shortening of the epiphysis but widening of the epiphyseal plate?
Slipped capital femur
osteoarthritis
Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
Chondrosarcoma
7
Pt comes for evaluation of longitudinal arch of foot, which projection(s) would provide the best information?
Routine foot series
Sesamoid bone projection
AP & lateral weight-bearing projections of foot
Plantodorsalaxial projeciton
8
Pt. has poss ligament tear to lateral ankle, routine images are neg. Which projection shows soft tissues of ankle?
Axial plantodorsal projection
AP mortise projection
AP stress views
AP weight-bearing projections
9
To decrease the angle btwn the anterior surface of the foot and the anterior surface fo the lower leg is called:
Plantar flexion
Dorsiflexion
Eversion
Inversion
10
How many articular facets make up the subtalar joint?
1
2
4
3
11
Which structure or bone contains the sustenaculum tali?
Talus
Base of the fifth metatarsal
Tibia
Calcaneus
12
What are the two arches of the foot?
Instep and cross-step
Longitudinal and transverse
Anterior and longitudinal
Transverse and anterior
13
Which of these labeled structures identifies the lateral cuneiform?
A
G
H
I
14
Pt has an infection of the sesamoid bones of foot, beyond routine projection, which projection would show this best?
Tangential projection
AP weight-bearing foot projection
Lateral weight-bearing foot projection
PA axial Camp Coventry method
15
Image of AP obliq ft w/medial rotation shows supermpostion of 3-5 MT. What pstioning adjustmnt do you make frm original?
Decrease obliquity of foot
Increase CR
Decrease CR
Increase obliquity of foot
16
Image of AP ankle shows lateral jt space is not open, sup & med are open. What should be done to improve image?
Dorsiflex the foot
Rotate the ankle more medially
Rotate the ankle more laterally
Nothing: this is an acceptable image
17
Which projection of the knee will best demonstrate the neck of the fibula free of superimposition?
AP
AP oblique with lateral rotation
Lateral
AP oblique with medial rotation
18
Patient has transverse fx of the patella, which routines would safely provide the best images?
PA and 45 degree oblique with medial rotation
AP and Merchant method
AP and horzontal beam lateral, no knee flexion
AP and 5-10° flexion lateral
19
Which of the following routines should be performed for a study of the 2nd toe?
AP, AP oblique with lateral rotation, & lateromedial projection
AP, AP oblique with medial rotation, & lateromedial projection
AP, AP oblique with medial rotation, & mediolateral rotation
AP, AP oblique with lateral rotation, & mediolateral projection
20
An image of an axiolateral inferosuperior project. shows ST artifact across affected hip. What to do on repeat exposure?
Ensure the CR is centered to the grid to prevent cutoff
Increase the kVp
Slightly rotate the patient toward affected side & angle 5° caudad
Increase the elevation & flexion of the unaffected leg
21
Which bones fuse to form the acetabulum?
ischium, pubis, and ilium
pubis , ilium, and sacrum
ilium and ischial
ischium and pubis
22
An image of a lateral patella shows the patellofemoral jt. is not open. The patella is in intercondylar sulcus, cause?
Excessive flexion of the knee
insufficient angulation of the CR
excessive angulation of the CR
excessive extension of the knee
23
What is the major disadvantage of using 45° of flexion for the mediolateral projection of the knee?
May cause injury to the ACL
Prevents superimpostion of the distal aspect of the femoral condyls
Draws the patella into the intercondylar sulcus
Can distort any visible fat pads
24
What is the amount of abduction of the femurs recommended for the AP bilateral frog-leg projection?
40-45 degrees
50-60 degrees
90 degrees
10-15 degrees
25
How much is the foot dorsiflexed with the tangential sesamoid bones if the CR remains ⊥ to the IR?
15-20° from vertical
30-45° from vertical
5-7° from vertical
No flexion of the foot is required
26
The radiographic hallmark of Reiter's syndrome seen in young men is:
destruction of the patella
erosion of the Achilles tendon
fluid in the joints of the foot
asymmetric narrowing of the femoropatellar joint
27
What CR angulation is required for an AP medial oblique projection of the foot?
15-20° posterior
CR is perpendicular to the IR
10° posterior
5-7° posterior
28
Where is the CR placed for a mediolateral projection of the calcaneus?
Trochlear process
1 inch inferior to the medial malleolus
Base of the 3rd metatarsal
Base of the 5th metatarsal
29
Which bone of the pelvis forms the anterior inferior aspect?
ilium
sacrum
ischium
pubis
30
Which of the following projections best demonstrates the dome of the talus when positioned properly?
Ankle mortise
AP ankle
45° AP oblique ankle
Lateral foot
31
What CR angle is recommended for an AP projection of the knee on a pt. with an ASIS to TT measurement of 18cm?
10-15 degrees cephald
CR is perpendicular to IR
3-5 degrees cephalad
3-5 degrees caudad
32
Which of the following projections will best demonstrate signs of Osgood-Schlatter disease?
AP, lateral, and oblqiue ankle
Plantodorsal axial and latera calcaneus
AP bilateral weight-bearing knees
AP and lateral knee
33
When evaualting for rotation of the foot, the side with concavity is the side:
rolled away from the IR
none of the above
rolled toward the IR
neutral
34
An image of an AP pelvis show the lesser trochanters are not visualized. What should the tech do to correct on repeat?
Ensure that the ASIS is equal distance to the tabletop
Rotate the lower limbs more internally
Angle the CR 10-15 degree cephalad
Do nothing. accept radiograph and do not repeat.
35
Pt has injury near 1st cuneiform. Routine images are inconclusive. Which projection would best show this bone?
AP weight-bearing projection
AP oblique with increased medial rotation
Lateral weight-bearing projection
AP oblique with lateral rotation
36
Where is the CR placed for an AP projection of the pelvis?
1" above the symphysis pubis
at the level of the crest
at the level of the ASIS
Midway between the ASIS and the symphysis pubis
37
Which projection demonstrates the distal fibula superimposed over the posterior 1/2 of the tibia when positioned well.
Lateral ankle
45° AP Oblique ankle
Plantodorsal axial cancaneus
Ankle mortise projection
38
Which metatarsal bone has a prominent tuberosity that is often fractured?
Fourth
First
Third
Fifth
39
A mediolateral knee radiograph that is over rotated toward the IR can be recognized by which of the following?
The medial condyle of the femur will appear more posterior
The fibular head will appear more superimposed by the tibia than a true lat
The fibular head will appear less superimposed by the tibia than a true lat
Patella will be in true lateral position
40
To properly visualize the joint spaces with the AP projection of the foot, the CR must be:
perpendicular to the metatarsals
parallel to the metatarsals
parallel to the longitudinal arch.
perpendicular to the longitudinal arch
41
How much CR angulation should be used for an AP projection of the toes (without elevation of the forefoot)?
10 to 15 degrees toward calcaneus
Keep CR perpendicular to IR
5 degrees toward calcaneus
20 to 25 degrees toward calcaneus
42
Another name for the intercondylar sulcus is:
Patellar surface
articular facets
intercondylar notch
intercondylar fossa
43
What is one advantage of the lateromedial projection of the foot?
The foot assumes a true lateral position
It opens the subtalar joint
More comfortable for the patient
It better demontrstrates the intertarsal joints
44
How much rotation from an AP position of the ankle will typically produce an AP mortise projection?
No rotation necessary
45-60 degrees laterally
15 to 20 degrees medially
25-30 degrees medially
45
Another term for osteochondroma is:
gout
Ewing sarcoma
Osgood-Schlatter disease
Exostosis
46
The calcaneus articulates with the talus and the:
Cuboid
Lateral cuneiform
Medial cuneiform
Navicular
47
For the weight-bearing knee projection on an average patient, the CR should be:
5-10 degrees cephalad
perpendicular to IR
10 degrees caudad
perpendicular to IR, but SID should be increased to 60"
48
Why must the lower limbs be rotated 15-20 degrees internally for AP pelvis (non-trauma) projection?
To separate the greater trochanters from the lesser trochanters
To open up the femoroacetabular joint
To place the femoral necks parallel to the IR
To place the fovea capitis in profile
49
How much flexion of the knee is recommended for the lateral projection of the patella?
20 to 30 degrees
5 to 10 degrees
45 to 50 degrees
35 to 40 degrees
50
An image of AP knee shows almost total superimposition of fibular head. What must be done to correct?
Rotate the knee laterally slightly
Angle the CR slightly more cephalad
Nothing; this is an acceptable image
Rotate the knee medially slightly
51
Select the correct gender that corresponds with a pubic arch of 80-85°.
Female
Male
52
An image of axiolateral inferosuperior projection shows excessive gridlines. A 6:1 grid was used. What to do on repeat?
Keep the IR/grid perpendicular to the femoral neck
Keep the IR/grid parallel to femoral neck and perpendicular to CR
Decrease SID
Use a screen rather than a grid
53
The ankle joint is a ______joint with a ______ type of movement.
Synovial: saddle
Fibrous: plane
Fibrous: ginglymus
synovial: ginglymus
54
Image of AP mortise shows that the lateral malleolus is slighlty suprimposed over the talus & jt. space, what is cause?
Excessive plantar flexion
Ecessive medial rotation of foot/ankle
Insufficient medial rotaiton of foot/ankle
Excessive dorsiflexion
55
The distal tibiofibular joint is classified as a ______ joint.
Fibrous
Synovial
Synarthrodial
Diarthrodial
56
For the AP weight-bearing feet projection, the CR should be:
directed horizontally
perpendicular to the IR
angled 15 degrees posteriorly
angled 5 degrees posteriorly
57
How much rotation of the body is required for posterior axial oblique projection for acetabulum (Teufel)
45 degrees
25-30 degrees
35-40 degrees
60-70 degrees
58
Which of the following bony structures cannot be palpated?
Ischial tuberosity
ASIS
Ischial spine
symphysis pubis
59
Two bony landmarks that are palpated using the hip localization method are:
Symphysis pubis & greater trochanter
ASIS & crest of ilium
ASIS & symphysis pubis
Ischial spine & symphysis pubis
60
How many tarsal bones are in the each foot?
7
26
5
14
61
An image of an AP pelvis shows the Rt iliac wing is foreshortened as compared to the Lt. What problem is present?
Right tilt
Incorrect CR centering or angulation
Left rotation
Right rotation
62
Which joint surfaces of the ankle are most commonly open with an AP projection of the ankle?
Lateral and medial
Medial, superior, & lateral
Superior and lateral
Medial and superior
63
Image of PD axial prjction shows foreshortening. 60kV, 6mAs, & 25° cphld CR angle was used. Which will make image bttr?
Decrease the CR angulation
Increase the CR angulation
Increase kVp to 70
Plantarflex the foot
64
Which tendon attaches directly to the tibial tuberosity?
Soleus
Collateral
Patellar
Quadriceps
