Probability and Statistics St. 1,2,3 Vocabulary

It is the value around which the data of a numeric dataset is distributed.

It is a variable, qualitative or quantitative, that can take only two values (e.g., yes/no).

This circular graph shows data as percentages, dividing the whole into sectors proportional to each category’s frequency

It is a sample in which every element of the population has the same chance of being selected.

These are words or phrases created by rearranging the letters of another word.

This measure shows the relative variability by dividing the standard deviation by the mean.

responsible for the collection,organization,presentation, analysis of data from a population without making conclusion

It is a selection of elements from a set where order does not matter.

science responsible for collecting,organizing,summarizing,presenting,analyzing and interpreting data to reach conclusion

It is an arrangement where all elements are used, none are repeated, and the order matters.

This scale classifies qualitative data and establishes a meaningful order or ranking among categories.

It is a triangular arrangement of numbers used to compute binomial coefficients.

It is a variable expressed with numerical values such as weight, height, or age.

uses line segments represent frequencies at the class marks of each interval, requires additional intervals at both ends

states that if one event can happen in n₁ ways and another in n₂ ways, both together happen in n₁ × n₂ ways

It is the process of obtaining data by consulting existing resources like books, files, or online content.

It refers to each of the elements in a population that can be measured or qualified.

It is the value that appears most frequently in a dataset.

most widely used measure of central tendency, calculated as sum of all values divided by the number of observations.

This group of measures describes how spread out or variable the data are.

It is the square root of the variance.

This scale is for quantitative data and includes a true zero, allowing for all arithmetic operations.

It is calculated as the difference between the highest and lowest values in a dataset.

It is the middle value in an ordered dataset.

It is a quantitative variable that can take any real number within an interval.

It is a representative subset of the population used to make inferences about the whole.

It is obtained by adding the absolute frequencies of all previous data points up to a certain value.

It is the midpoint of an interval in a grouped frequency table.

It is the relative cumulative frequency expressed as a percentage.

It is a variable representing non-numerical qualities like hair color or marital status.

It is the mathematical study of random phenomena.

It is the value obtained for each individual in a population or sample, according to the variable being measured.

This measure shows how far each value is from the mean, squared, and averaged.

It is the absolute cumulative frequency divided by the total number of data points.

It is a characteristic of a population or sample that can vary and be measured.

A dataset with two modes is called:

uses bars to show the frequency of non-consecutive categories or intervals; the bars are separated and have equal width.

It is a controlled and planned process used in scientific research to understand how something behaves.

It is the product of all positive integers up to a certain number n.

It is the relative frequency expressed as a percentage.

It is a method of collecting data through a series of questions about one or more variables in a population.

It is the set of all individuals (people, animals, or things) on which a study is carried out.

It is a formula that expands the power of a binomial expression (a + b)ⁿ.

It analyzes information to make generalizations, conclusions, or decisions about a population based on data.

It is the range of quantitative data between two values, called limits, that define to which interval each data belongs.

It is calculated by dividing the absolute frequency by the total number of data points.

formed by joined rectangles, with widths equal to the interval and heights equal to frequency, used for continuous data

It is a quantitative variable that takes only natural number values, like number of siblings.

It measures quantitative data with equal intervals between values but no true zero, allowing addition and subtraction.

displays cumulative frequency absolute, relative, or percentage using line segments, adds one extra class at the start

It’s a scale used for qualitative data, where values serve only as labels without any particular order.

It is a sample selected through accessibility or judgment rather than random selection.

It is the number of times a specific data point appears in a dataset.

This is a diagram that helps visualize all possible outcomes of a random experiment.