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1450-1750 Unit 3 and 4 Review Flashcards | StudBud
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1450-1750 Unit 3 and 4 Review
1450-1750 Unit 3 and 4 Review
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1
What's the best definition of "Mercantilism"?
An economic system that equally distributed the profits of merchant trade.
An economic system of simple barter in basic commodities between merchants.
An economic system controlling merchants for the benefit of the state.
An economic system where governments promote free trade between merchants.
2
Our Lady of Guadalupe (1746)
MOSTLY
reflects a syncretic blending of
Catholic Christianity and Native American culture
Christianity and Islam
Native American and African cultures
Protestant and Catholic Christianity
3
Which of the following environmental innovations was UNIQUE to the challenges of sailing in the
Indian Ocean
?
An understanding of seasonal monsoon wind patterns
Creating ways that lateen sails could move with square sails.
Applying paper technology to maritime maps
Learning about magnetic poles & latitude to create the astrolabe & compass
4
The "trading posts" of European maritime empires were most similarly comparable to which Unit 2 trade network?
Regional trade in the Americas
The Silk Road
Trans-Saharan Trade Routes
Exchange in the Indian Ocean
5
Which empire was ruled by a Sultan?
D) Ottoman Empire
C) Safavid Empire
A) Qing Empire
B) Mughal Empire
6
Why did the vast majority of Latin America become Catholic after 1492?
Merchant traders encouraged it to ease trade
Martin Luther made a trip there to convert people
Spanish & Portuguese priests were aided by imperial rule
Chinese explorer Zheng He had spread it on his voyages there
7
This map of the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade could
BEST
be used to demonstrate that
Europeans were invading Africa to capture slaves
Brazil & the Caribbean were major African slave destinations
The Ottoman Empire never used African slaves
East Africa was the main source for slaves to the Americas
8
Which transfer between hemispheres would have been
MOST
responsible for the demographic trend you see after 1500 C.E.?
Chilies, cacao, & tobacco from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
Horses, cattle, & pigs from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Sugar, bananas, & coffee from Afro-Eurasia to Americas
Maize (corn), potatoes, & beans from Americas to Afro-Eurasia
9
Before 1450, this empire ruled the largest land-based empire in history & "set the stage" for most Eurasian Empires.
Mongol Empire
Egyptian Empire
Han Dynasty
Roman Empire
10
What happened as a result of this transition in Chinese dynasties?
The Korean "Ming" asserted their power & took over China
End of Mongol Empire led to takeover by classically Chinese dynasty.
The Mongols changed their name from "Yuan" to "Ming".
Japanese "Ming" warriors conquered all of China.
11
"Yasak" or forcing Siberians to give furs to the Russian Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Created tribute collection systems
Generated revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
12
Which of the following BEST describes the symbolism of this portrait of Mughal Emperor Jahangir?
It shows the scientific advances of the Mughal Empire.
It shows his devotion to Islam, the religion of Mughal rulers.
It shows the growing power of the Empire, justified by religion.
It shows the economic dominance of the Indian Ocean Trade
13
So, labor was needed on plantations, much of it forced. Which type of coerced labor had been used by the Inca Empire?
Indentured Servitude
Encomienda System
Chattel Slavery
Mit'a
14
The expansion of Ottoman and Safavid empires led to conflict . What was TRUE about the cultural reasons these two fought
They were fighting over who built the best monumental architecture.
The Ottomans were Sunni Muslims while the Safavids were Shia Muslims.
They were fighting about Christianity: Catholics vs. Eastern Orthodox.
One was a Muslim Empire while the other was a Hindu Empire.
15
"Civil Service Examinations" of the Qing Dynasty
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Developed military professionals.
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
16
SLAVES
forcibly taken to work on the plantations of the maritime empires came mostly from
West and Central Africa
The Caribbean & Brazil
Andean South America
South & Southeast Asia
17
This system of early state-sponsored Spanish colonization that relied on coerced Native labor was called
encomienda
Voluntary Labor
indentured servitude
chattel slavery
18
Which region(s) supplied the most
SUGAR
to feed the 'sweet tooth' of the world circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
South & Southeast Asia
The Caribbean & Brazil
Andean South America
West and Central Africa
19
"Port factories" for foreign merchants in Tokugawa Japan
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Created tribute collection systems
Generated revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
Recruited bureaucratic elites
20
Guru Nanak founded the Sikh religion in which region? (Roll the Dice )!
Middle East
South Asia
China
Russia
21
All of the following were parts of Martin Luther's arguments against the Catholic Church
EXCEPT
He argued that all Catholic customs should be questioned.
He argued the Bible should be translated to local languages.
He argued that doing good works was more important than faith.
He argued against the sale of indulgences.
22
China's process of charging European merchants in silver coins
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Created Tribute collection systems
Generated Revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
23
Portugal was the 1st to create a "transoceanic interconnection" of
trading posts
between the
Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean and Hawaii
24
Which region(s) supplied the most
COTTON, SPICES, & SILK
to the world market circa 1450-1750 C.E.?
Andean South America
South & Southeast Asia
West and Central Africa
The Caribbean & Brazil
25
Which empire relocated their capital to Tabriz?
B) Mughal Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
A) Qing Empire
C) Safavid Empire
26
BQ: Sikhism is a good example of a syncretic religion that developed in this time period. What religions were combined?
Hinduism and Islam
Islam and Confucianism
Christianity and Judaism
Hinduism and Buddhism
27
The first voyages of BOTH Spain and England to the Americas were motivated MOST by a
need to find new fishing grounds to feed growing populations.
desire to find a new route to trade with Asia for luxury products.
missionary impulse to spread either Catholic or Protestant Christianity.
competitive urge to establish settler colonies.
28
Sunni Muslims ruling over a majority Hindu population. Were religiously tolerant until Emperor Aurangzeb.
B) Mughal Empire
D) Ottoman Empire
A) Qing Empire
C) Safavid Empire
29
All of the following are true, but what was a
POLITICAL
effect of the Reformation?
Kings & rulers used the protest to increase their power.
Peasants admired Luther's message of Christian equality.
Luther's emphasis on reading encouraged literacy.
New Christian churches emerged: Lutherans, Anglicans, etc.
30
Economically, what drove rivalries between the major states of Eurasia between 1450-1750?
Disputes about the legitimacy of dynastic rule.
Competition over trade routes & resource rich territories around the world.
Conflict both within Christianity & between Christians with other faiths.
The challenge to authority by local elites.
31
After its victory in conquering all of South Asia, what best describes the Mughal Empire?
It was dominated by a new religion called Sikhism.
It was mostly Muslim with a Hindu minority.
It had a small Muslim minority governing over a large Hindu majority.
It was split roughly 50-50 between Buddhists and Hindus.
32
Which breakthrough of the Scientific Revolution most challenged traditional religious views?
The study of the anatomy of the human body
The study of mathematics that led to ideas of probability, binomials, & -#s
The study of mechanics that led to breakthroughs in machinery
The study of astronomy & the place of the sun in the solar system
33
How did the Unit 4 European Empires MOST differ from earlier land-based empires of Units 1, 2, & 3?
They were the first to transmit diseases between regions.
They were the first to try to culturally convert people.
They were built by maritime conquest of regions oceans away
Merchants were involved for the first time in these empires.
34
This is the Spanish silver mine Potosi (modern Bolivia) in
1590
; the workers are
Native American
. Which is true?
They were completely and legally equal to the Spanish
They used this silver to freely trade for Spanish crops
They were slaves forced to labor for the Spanish
They were free but were taxed by the Spanish
35
Context: The example of
Zheng He
before 1450 demonstrates that land empires like the Ming were increasingly
seeking to expand trade over the Silk Road
shutting themselves off from the rest of the world.
projecting state power and encouraging overseas foreign trade.
looking to create empires in the Americas.
36
The empire from Unit 3 that
MOST
threatened European culture & economy (trade), spurring Portugal to explore, was
the Mughals
the Safavids
the Manchu Qing
the Ottomans
37
All of these civilizations participated in Unit 2 Trans-Saharan trade. How did their trade
CHANGE
in 1450-1750?
They reduced their reliance on trade in favor of domestic production.
They traded salt and gold north and east into the Mediterranean system.
They used slaves for domestic household and agricultural tasks.
They captured slaves for Atlantic export in exchange for European goods.
38
The BEST explanation for Europe's ability to make breakthroughs in navigation technologies would be that...
all navigation technologies were invented independently in Europe.
Marco Polo's book had everything Europeans needed to travel Silk Roads.
they came to them as a result of the Columbian Exchange.
technologies from other civilizations were diffused & improved upon.
39
All of the images below deal
MOSTLY
with which time period in European history?
The Enlightenment
The Artistic Renaissance
The Age of Exploration
The Scientific Revolution
40
While it was diffused by the Mongols, who were the original inventors of gunpowder?
The Byzantines
The Chinese
The Romans
The Egyptians
41
For the Ottomans, "Devshirme" was a system that;
Took Christian children as tributes for the army or civil servants.
Killed people as sacrifices to their gods.
Forced all people in their empire to become Muslim.
Abolished slavery within the empire.
42
What was the Mughal Empire's policy toward different religions for most of its history (up to Emperor Aurangzeb).
Rulers converted to a new religion: Sikhism
Rulers were converted to Buddhist traditions.
Rulers were religiously tolerant, allowing majority Hinduism to continue.
Rulers tried to impose Islam on the conquered peoples of South Asia.
43
What was a unique innovation of The Netherlands and England to unit 4 economics?
caravels using lateen sails.
mercantilist joint-stock companies.
silver-backed currencies.
colonies in the Americas.
44
What's the
MOST
likely reason this painting was commissioned (paid for) by Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent?
To explain Islamic science & technology.
To glorify Sunni Islam.
To glorify Turkish values & rulership of the Sultan.
To export to Europe as a luxury product.
45
The Spanish discovered that they could get Asian luxury products in exchange for the
SILVER
they were mining in
South & Southeast Asia
Andean South America
The Caribbean & Brazil
West and Central Africa
46
"The Janissaries" of the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_________.
Created Tribute collection systems
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Generated Revenue through trade
Developed military professionals.
47
Which is an accurate definition of the Columbian Exchange?
The deal made between Portugal and Spain to divide world in half.
The tribute relations that existed between Indian Ocean trading nations.
The agreement between Columbus & Spain to explore a route to India.
The exchange of new plants, animals, & diseases between hemispheres.
48
What is the best explanation for the demographic trend you see in this chart?
There were a large number of migrants from Iberia to Mesoamerica.
Mesoamerican chinampas were replaced with European field agriculture.
Smallpox, measles, & malaria killed 90% of Mesoamerican peoples.
European guns & cannons killed many Mesoamericans.
49
Located in Agra, India, this mausoleum was built for the tomb of Shah Jahan favorite wife Mumtaz.
Safavid Empire
Mughal Empire
Ming to Qing Empire
Ottoman Empire
50
This image shows 6 years in the nearly 400 year Atlantic slave trade. What was
NOT
an effect of this trade?
African crops like okra, yams, & rice were diffused to the Americas.
Diseases spread because of the deplorable condition of slave ships.
The coerced labor of slaves on plantations enriched imperial economies.
Fossil fuel burning increased to power steam engines for labor.
51
These portraits of Emperors show how land-based imperial authorities used their__________ to legitimize their rule.
Technological powers
Economic powers
Cultural religious powers
Social powers
52
This description of the Ottoman Empire shows that a continuity from Unit 1 to Unit 3 is that Ottomans were originally;
pastoralist Turkish peoples.
Christian peoples.
merchant trading Mediterranean peoples.
settled agriculturalist Byzantine peoples.
53
What was
NOT
a reason for Unit 4 European maritime exploration and empire building?
European monarchs competed with rivals to gain status & wealth.
Europe wanted to rely on the Ottoman Empire for its trade.
Europe wanted to diffuse Christianity to new territories & peoples.
Europe wanted more luxury products like spices, silk, porcelain, etc.
54
In setting "transoceanic interconnections" in motion, Portugal's primary motivation before 1450 was
To get African slaves to work on Brazilian sugar plantations
To find a mythical African Christian King named Prestor John
To establish new bases on the land-based silk routes
To get direct access to the lucrative Indian Ocean trade network
55
Farmers who had to pay a landowner in the Ottoman Empire
would be an example of how land-based empires_____.
Created taxation systems
Generated revenue through trade
Recruited bureaucratic elites
Developed military professionals.
56
This cross from mid-16th century central Mexico would have been carved in the context of
Edicts by the Pope which attempted to ban local religions.
Aztec empire building through an alliance of the "3 tribes."
The development of early Aztec culture and mythology.
Aztecs trying to preserve culture despite Spanish conquest.