stud
bud
Sign up
Log in
Home
Library
Explore
SAT
More
Upper limb Ch. 4 Flashcards | StudBud
Explore
/
Upper limb Ch. 4
Upper limb Ch. 4
87 terms
·
StudBud Administration
·
7 plays
Imported from external platform
Flashcards
87 cards
F
Practice quiz
P
Host live
L
Questions
87
Answers
1
Which of the following projections of the wrist will best demonstrate the wrist joint and intercarpal spaces?
30 degree PA oblique
PA
AP
Gaynor-Hart
2
A radigraph of PA scaphoid projection reveals extensive superimposition of the scaphoid/adjacent carpals. What factors?
insufficient CR angle distally
slight flexion of the phalanges
insufficient ulnar deviation
elevation of the hand/wrist
3
Which of the following bony structures is found on the distal aspect of the ulna?
coronoid process
olecranon process
all of the above
head
4
The interphalangeal joints have a(n) ____ type of joint movement
saddle
ginglymus
plane
ellipsoidal
5
A general positioning rule is to place the long axis of the part ___ to the long axis of the image receptor
perpendicular
adjacent
axial
parallel
6
The first carpometacarpal joint is classified as a ____ joint
ginglymus
trochoidal
saddle
plane
7
Which carpal bone is 1?
hamate
trapezium
pisiform
scaphoid
8
Why is it recommended that PA oblique projection be performed rather than the PA oblique for the second digit of hand
is more comfortable for the patient
minimizes object image-receptor distance (OID)
minimizes optimal immunomodulating dos (OID)
opens up joints better
9
An AP projection of the elbow reveals that there is complete separation of the radius/ulna. What positioning error?
excessive medial rotation
incorrect CR location/angle
partial flexion of the joint
excessive lateral rotation
10
Which two structures form the distal radioulnar joint?
coronoid tubercle and radial notch
radial tuberosity and ulnar notch
ulnar notch and head of ulna
radial notch and radial head
11
An AP oblique elbow w/ medial rotation reveals that radial head is superimposed over part of coronoid process. Error?
excessive medial rotation
flexion of the elbow
incorrect CR angulation
excessive lateral rotation
12
Child comes to radiology w/elbow injury. Nondisplaced fracture coronoid process. Medial oblique projection,projections?
Coyle method with 45 CR angle away from shoulder
Coyle method with 45 degree CR angle toward shoulder
Radial head lateral projections
acute flexion projection
13
Which carpal bone is 5?
hamate
scaphoid
trapezoid
trapezium
14
Local or generalized infection of bone or bone marrow caused by bacteria introduced by trauma or surgery is a condition:
osteroarthritis
Paget's disease
cellulitis
osteomyelitis
15
A pt. to radiology w/ foreign body in palm. Which routines should be performed to confirm location of foreign body?
PA and Gaynor-hart method
PA and fan lateral projections
PA an lateral in flexion projections
PA and lateral in extension projections
16
Which special projection of the wrist will open up the interspaces on the ulnar side of the wrist?
carpal bridge
carpal canal
radial deviation
ulnar deviation
17
Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the radial head and tuberosity free of superimposition?
AP
AP oblique with external rotation
AP oblique with internal rotation
Lateral
18
A ginglymus joint can also be referred to as a _____ joint
saddle
trochoid
pivot
hinge
19
Grids are generally not required unless the anatomy measures greater than ___ cm in thickness
5
10
14
8
20
Which anatomy is better visualized with a fan lateral as compared with the other lateral projections of the hand?
sesamoid bones
carpometacarpal joints
carpals
phalanges
21
Which projection best demonstrates pathology involving the first carpometacarpal joint and trapezium?
PA oblique thumb
AP axial (Robert's method)
Norgaard method
PA scaphoid, ulnar deviation wrist projection
22
What is the approximate distance between the tabletop and bucky tray on most floating tabletop types of tables?
1 to 2 inches
1/2 to 1 inch
3 to 4 inches
2 to 3 inches
23
What are the names of the two small depressions found on the anterior aspect of the distal humerus?
trochlea and capitulum
olecranon and radial fossa
radial and coronoid fossa
olecranon and coronoid fossa
24
The radiocarpal (wrist) joint possesses a(n) ___ type of joint movement
ellipsoidal
pivot
plane
ginglymus
25
Which of the following carpals articulates with the radius?
hamate
scaphoid
trapezium
pisiform
26
This projection is performed to rule out:
all of the above
calcification in carpal sulcus
carpal tunnel syndrome
median nerve impingement
27
A nonvisible posterior fat pad on a well-exposed, correctly positioned lateral elbow radiograph generally suggests:
a congenital defect
negative study for injury
injury to the synovial joint
fracture of one of the bones of the elbow
28
A pt. enters the ED w/ scaphoid fracture. The pt. isn't able to assume the ulnar deviation position. What position?
Gaynor-hart
Jones
Modified Stecher
Coyle
29
Where is the CR centered for a PA projection of the hand?
at the third proximal interphalangeal joint
at the third distal interphalangeal joint
at the third metacarpophalangeal joint
at the base of the third metacarpal
30
Which of the following structures is considered to be most posterior?
trochlea
coronoid process
radial tuberosity
olecranon process
31
Which of the following sets of exposure factors would be best for an adult hand study using digital imaging system?
64 kV, 200 mA, 1/20, large focal spot
80 kV, 600 mA, 1/60 seconds, large focal spot
70 kV, 300 mA, 1/30 seconds, small focal spot
78 kV, 600 mA, 1/60 seconds, large focal spot
32
Which wrist ligament is attached to the styloid process of the ulna and continues to the triquetrium and pisiform?
radial collateral ligament
dorsal radiocarpal ligament
palmar radiocarpal ligament
ulnar collateral ligament
33
What is the purpose of performing the AP partially flexed projections of the elbow?
to separte the raidal head from the ulna
to provide a view of the radial head and capitulum
to provide an AP perspective if the patient cannot fully extend the elbow
to demonstrate any possible elevated fat pads
34
A skier's thumb is an injury of the:
ulnar collateral ligament
pronator fat strip
median nerve
scaphoid
35
Which carpal articulates with both the fourth and fifth metacarpals?
triquetrium
hamate
capitate
trapezoid
36
A pt. comes to radiology w/ possible tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of wrist. Discomfort near thumb. Projections?
Gaynor-hart method
Norgaard method
Modified Robert's method
Folio method
37
A pt. w/ a fractured forearm had it reduced + a fiberglass cast placed on extremity. Postreduction study. kV factors?
67 kV
70 kV
63 kV
75 kV
38
How many carpal bones are found in the wrist?
5
8
14
7
39
Which routine projection of the elbow will best demonstrate an elevated or visible posterior fat pad?
lateral rotation oblique
coyle method
true AP with no rotation
true lateral with 90 degree flexion
40
A lateral elbow radiograph demonstrates about half of the radial head superimposed by the coronoid process of the ulna.
no positioning errors occurred
the hand/wrist were rotated laterally and not in a true lateral position
The hand was pronated rather than in a true lateral position
the shouler was not dropped sufficiently to the tabletop level
41
Why is it important to keep the phalanges parallel to the IR for a PA oblique projection of the hand?
prevetns foreshortening of radiocarpal joint
prevents foreshortening of phalanges/obscuring of interphalangeal joints
demonstrates the sesamoid bones near the first interphalangeal joint
opens up the carpometacarpal joints
42
How should the original analong kV range be changed with a fiberglass cast applied for a wrist or forearm x-ray
increase 8 to 10 kV
no change
increase 5 to 7 kV
increase 3 to 4 kV
43
Which carpal bone is the smallest?
capitate
scaphoid
hamate
pisiform
44
From a pronated position, which of the following is required for a PA oblique projection of the fourth digit of the hand
45 degree medial rotation
30 to 35 lateral rotation
30 to 35 medial rotation
45 degree lateral rotation
45
What two bony landmarks are palpated for positioning for the AP elbow?
ulnar and radial heads
humeral epicondyles
humeral condyles
trochlea and capitulum
46
Which one of the following structures is NOT part of the ulna?
radial notch
ulnar notch
styloid process
coronoid tubercle
47
The CR placement for an AP axial projection (modified Robert's method) of the thumb is at the:
midproximal phalanx of the first digit
first proximal interphalangeal joint
first carpometacarpal joint
first distal interphalangeal joint
48
The bending or forcing of the hand outward with the hand pronated in a posteroanterior (PA) projection is known as:
radial abduction
radial deviation
ulnar extension
ulnar deviation
49
The joint found between the base of the third metacarpal and carpal bone is the:
intercarpal
proximal metacarpophalangeal
carpometacarpal
interphalangeal
50
With the radial head-latermedial projections, what is the only difference between the four projections?
the SID used for each projection
the amount of flexion of the elbow
the position of the hand/wrist
the CR angulation
51
A PA projection of hand reveals that distal radius/ulna + the carpals were cut off. What should the tech do to correct?
if injury to the patient didn't involve carpal region/forearm, don't repeat
make sure the carpals, distal radius, and ulna are included on lateral
accept the radiograph, carpals/radius/ulna not in hand study
repeat the PA projection to include all carpals
52
A pt. enters ED w/ elbow injury. Reveal possible fracture of coronoid process. Elbow is flexed WONT extend, Projections?
Coyle method with 90 degree flexion, CR angled 45 degrees toward shoulder
Gaynor-hart method
Coyle method w/ 80 degree flexion, CR angled 45 degrees away from shoulder
AP-acute flexion
53
What is the name of the joint found between the proximal and distal phalanges of the first digit?
proximal interphalangeal
interphalangeal
distal interphalangeal
metacarpophalangeal
54
Which two structures primarily form the hinge-like structure and movement of the elbow joint?
capitulum and trochlea
trochlea and olecranon process
coronoid process and coronoid fossa
coronoid fossa and trochlea
55
Which of the following best demonstrates the radial head using the trauma lateral Coyle method routine?
elbow flexed 80 degree, CR angled 45 degree away from shoulder
elbow flexed 90 degree, CR angled 30 degree toward shoulder
elbow flexed 90 degree, CR angled 45 degree toward shoulder
elbow flexed 90 degree, CR perpendicular to image receptor
56
Which routine projection of the elbow best demonstrates the olecranon process in profile?
lateral
AP
lateral rotation oblique
medial rotation oblique
57
Which type of rotation of the hands is required for the AP oblique-bilateral hand projection?
30 to 35 degrees externally
5 to 10 degrees internally
45 degrees internally
none
58
A pt. enters the ED w/ a possible Bennett's fracture. Which of the following routines should be performed to confirm?
finger
thumb
wrist
forearm
59
A pt. enters ED w/ pain + dislocation of elbow. Elbow is flexed >90degrees. Routines for diagnosis?
partially flexed AP and limited lateral projections
lateral elbow only
Jones method and limited lateral projection
Coyle metod and limited lateral projection
60
Where is the central ray (CR) places for a PA projection of the third digit?
at the distal interphalangeal joint
at the metacarpophalangeal joint
at the head of the third metacarpal
at the proximal interphalangeal joint
61
This projection is correctly referred to as:
Gaynor-hart method
carpal canal, inferosuperior projection
carpal tunnel, inferosuperior projection
all of the above
62
The second most common type of primary cancerous bone tumor is:
chondrosarcoma
Ewing's sarcoma
multiple myeloma
osteogenic sarcoma
63
Which projection of the wrist is ideal for demonstrating possible calcification in the dorsal aspect of the carpals?
lateral wrist
carpal bridge
carpal canal
ulnar deviation
64
How much rotation of the humeral epicondyles is required for the AP medial oblique projection of the elbow?
20 degrees
30 degrees
90 degrees
45 degrees
65
Which of the following structures is considered to be most lateral?
capitulum
trochlea
coronoid tubercle
head of ulna
66
How many projections are required for the AP-acute flexion study of the elbow?
1
2
3
4
67
Which of the following actions will lead to the proximal radius crossing over the ulna?
placing epicondyles parallel to the image receptor
supination of the hand
pronation of the hand
external rotation of the elbow
68
Radiograph of a PA oblique of hand reveals the midshaft of 4th and 5th metacarpals is superimposed. Positioning error?
insufficient rotation of the hand/wrist laterally
excessive rotation of the hand/wrist laterally
fingeres of the hand are not parallel to IR
incorrect CR angulation
69
How should the humeral epicondyles be alligned for a lateral projection of the elbow?
45 degrees to image receptor
parallel to image receptor
30 degrees to image receptor
perpendicular to image receptor
70
The first metacarpophalangeal joint has a(n) ____ type of joint movement
plane
ellipsoidal
pivot
saddle
71
The AP oblique-bilateral hands projection (ball catchers) is peformed to evaluate for early signs of:
rheumatoid arthritis
osteoporosis
bursitis
gout
72
How much CR angle of long axis of hand is required for tangential inferosuperior projection to demonstrate carpal sulus
10 to 15 degrees
5 to 10 degrees
35 to 45 degrees
25 to 30 degrees
73
Which of the following structures is considered to be most distal?
styloid processes
radial head
capitulum
radial tuberosity
74
Which one of the following is the most common primary cancerous bone tumor?
multiple myeloma
osteosarcoma
osteocarcinoma
osteochondroma
75
The smooth, center portion of the trochlea used for evaluating rotation on a lateral elbow is termed the trochlear
sulcus
fossa
depression
process
76
Which carpal bone is 4?
scaphoid
lunate
trapezoid
hamate
77
A radiograph of the elbow demonstrates the radius superimposed over ulna/coronoid process in profile. Which elbow xray?
lateral (external) rotation oblique
AP
lateral
medial (internal) rotation oblique
78
A pt. w/ history of carpal tunnel syndrome comes to radiology. Physician wants to rule out calcifications. Projections?
Gaynor-hart method
Carpal bridge
Jones method
Coyle method
79
Which of the following structures is considered to be most proximal?
olecranon process
head of ulna
radial styloid process
radial tuberosity
80
What CR angle is required with the modified Robert's method?
20 degree distally (away from the wrist)
15 degree proximallly (toward the wrist)
5 degree proximally (toward the wrist)
10 degree distally (away from the wrist)
81
A patient enters the ED with a Smith fracture. Which region of the upper limb must be radiographed to show this injury?
elbow
trapezium
wrist and forearm
hand
82
Which basic projection of the elbow best demonstrates the trochlear notch in profile?
lateral
medial rotation oblique
lateral rotation oblique
AP
83
Which is the most commonly fractured carpal bone?
hamate
lunate
trapezium
scaphoid
84
An ellipsoidal joint allows movement in ____ directions.
two
four
all
six
85
The two fat stripes of the wrist demonstrated radiographically are known as the scaphoid fat strip and the __ fat strip.
anterior
pisiform
pronator
abductor
86
A tangential,inferosuperior projection of carpalcanal reveals hamular process is superimposed over pisiform. Correct?
decrease the CR angle
rotate the wrist and hand 10 degrees internally
increase the CR angle
increase the extension of the hand/wrist
87
Which of the following is the largest carpals?
triquetrium
capitate
hamate
trapezium
