Which of the following is Newton's 1st Law of Motion?

Object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion

What does ALARA stand for?

As Low as Reasonably Achievable

four properties of a photon

frequency; wavelength; velocity; amplitude

The intensity of radiation on an object is reduced with distance because the radiation ___________

is spread out over a greater area

Which of the following is Newton's 2nd Law of Motion?

The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object

At the target, the projectile electrons interact with ____________.

Both inner and outer shell electrons

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Rad Physics MIDTERM Review

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Questions 93

Answers

1
the incident x-ray interacts with target atom, becomes excited immediately releases this excess energy - no ionization
photoelectric effect
pair production
coherent
compton
2
number of wavelengths that pass a point of observation per second
frequency
amplitude
energy
waveguidance
3
Which of the following is Newton's 1st Law of Motion?
Action and Reaction
The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object
Object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion
Mass Equivalence can be achieved with the sum of force and work
4
what is the interaction in the diagram below
compton
characteristic
bremsstralung
coherent
5
identify the following X-Ray interaction with matter
classical scattering
photoelectric
coherent
compton effect
6
The energy of a photon is directly proportional to its ___________.
frequency
wavelength
square root of intensity
amplitude
7
What does ALARA stand for?
As Low as Resonably Accessible
As Low as Reachably Attenuated
As Low as Reachably Achievable
As Low as Reasonably Achievable
8
How many protons does Carbon have?
1
6
12.0104
12
9
four properties of a photon
lumens; detection; wavelength; sonor
frequency; wavelength; velocity; amplitude
frequency; anatomy; amplitude; wavelength
size; shape; spin; mass
10
emitted when an outer-shell electron fills an inner-shell void
coherent
compton
bremsstralung
characteristic
11
The formula E = mc² is the basis for the theory that led to the development of __________.
nuclear power
Klystron
cathode
X-Ray tube
12
An atom in a normal state has an electrical charge of _______.
1
0
100
-1
13
the nucleus is raised to an excited state and instantly emits a nucleon or other nuclear fragment
photoelectric effect
coherent scattering
compton effect
photodisintegration
14
mass equivalence is calculated using ____
inverse square law formula
relativity formula
Plancks formula
log formula
15
the reduction in the number of x-rays in beam after penetration - the product of absorption and scatter
collimation
attentuation
filtration
high Z absorption
16
Which of the following is Newton's 3nd Law of Motion?
The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object
Action and Reaction
INTERTIA
Object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion
17
the smallest particle of an element
atom
molecule
18
identify the interaction below
pair production
compton effect
photoelectric effect
none of these are correct
19
basic unit of all light and a quantum of EM Energy
nanometer
photon
proton
planck's constant
20
Photons on the EM spectrum with the highest frequency and energy have the _____
lowest velocity
longest wavelengths
are microwaves
shortest wavelengths
21
Structures that transmit X-Rays and appear darker on films
Radioopaque
Radiolucent
22
come from inside the nucleus of a radioactive atom
X-Rays
Gamma Rays
23
Form of energy that acts by removing electrons from atoms and molecules
Attenuation
Shielding
Ionization
Filtration
24
frequency and wavelength are directly proportional?
True
False
25
Structures that absorb X-Rays and appear lighter on films
Radiolucent
Radioopaque
26
Which of the following is the formula to calculate velocity?
V = work * force
V = mass / time
V = distance / time
E = mc2
27
velocity of all EM Radiation
3 x 10
3 x 10^8
3.1415
3 x 10^12
28
The intensity of radiation on an object is reduced with distance because the radiation ___________
increases in wavelength
reduces its velocity
is spread out over a greater area
loss in energy
29
what percentage of kinetic energy from electrons is converted into heat?
1%
0%
100%
99%
30
what is the most common X-Ray interaction with matter?
classical
compton
coherent
photoelectric effect
31
diagnostic range interactions with inner-shell electrons. The x-ray is not scattered, but it is totally absorb
characteristic
compton
photoelectric effect
coherent
32
Unit of Absorbed Dose
Sievert
Gray
Air Kerma
Becquerel
33
what is the interaction in the diagram below
compton
coherent
characteristic
bremsstralung
34
The first recorded atomic model was developed by
Democritus
Dalton
Bohr
Einstein
35
Average radiation exposure from natural sources in the United States annually
.00001 mSv
23 mSv
3 mSv
200 mSv
36
K-shell binding energy increases with increasing ________
mass density
kVp
atomic number
mAs
37
interaction between a projectile electron and a target nucleus. electron is slowed, and its direction is changed.
coherent
bremsstralung
compton
characteristic
38
the time required for a quantity of radioactivity to be reduced to one-half its original value
half-decay
half-and-half
half-value-layer
half life
39
the kinetic energy of the random motion of molecules
Compton Electron
Heat
Atomic Mass
Wave Particle Duality
40
process of sending off energy in the form of light, heat, X-Rays, and/or nuclear particles
Fusion
Radiation
Photons
Ionization
41
Which of the following is Newton's 2nd Law of Motion?
INTERTIA
Object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion
Action and Reaction
The force acting on an object is equal to the mass of that object
42
Work = Force x Distance
True
False
43
The maximum number of electrons that can exist in an electron shell is calculated with the formula _____.
2/n
2n
E=MC2
2n2
44
which of the following is wave equation?
C = distance x time
C = Frequency x Wavelength
C = Inverse Square x Plancks Constant
C = Frequency x Velocity
45
What is the fundamental way to reduce exposure?
Blocking, Efficency, Dialogue
Exposure, Effective Dose, Absorbed Dose
Time, Distance, Shielding
None of these are correct
46
At the target, the projectile electrons interact with ____________.
Outer shell electrons only
X-Rays
Both inner and outer shell electrons
Inner shell electrons only
47
a neutral atom contains the same number of ______ & neutrons
electrons
shells
protons
neutrons
48
The modern atomic model
Bohr model
Cloud model
Wave model
Dalton model
49
Unit of Exposure
Gray
Becquerel
Air Kerma
Sievert
50
X-Rays are identified by their _______
atomic number
source
wavelengths
energy
51
spontaneous emission of particles and energy in order to become stable
radioactivity
electromagnetism
dipole
hydron collider
52
Most of the heat generated at the target is due to ___________.
voxels
radioactivity frequency
It is unknown
Outer-shell Excitation
53
decrease in intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance of the object from the source
Inverse Proportionality
Inverse Square Law
Source to Object Distance
Distance Square Law
54
rise and fall of sine wave
frequency
amplitude
wavelength
velocity
55
which of the following is planck's constant in numeric form?
5.44 x 10^14 eV ; 6.63 x 10^-34 joule/s
E = mc^2
3 x 10^8
4.15 x 10^-15 eV ; 6.63 x 10^-34 joules/s
56
Projectile Electrons Travel from ______ to _____
Cathode to Anode
Positive to Negative
slow to slower
Anode to Cathode
57
The ability to do work
Work force
leveling
Matter
energy
58
made from fast moving electrons
X-Rays
Gamma Rays
59
__________ occurs only at the very high energies used in radiation therapy and in nuclear medicine P.E.T. imaging
Pair Production
X-Rays
Compton
Photoelectric Effect
60
occurs in high Z material, energy above 10 mev, neutron contamination
photodistingration
compton scattering
photoelectric effect
pair production
61
what is the interaction in the diagram below
bremsstralung
coherent
compton
characteristic
62
Who discovered X-Rays? What year?
Wilhelm Roentgen; 1930
Wilhelm Roentgen; 1895
Wilhelm Roentgen: 1904
Wilhelm Roentgen; 1777
63
Unit of Radioactivity
Sievert
Air Kerma
Becquerel
Gray
64
atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass number
Isotopes
Isomers
Isotones
Isobars
65
the incident x-ray interacts with an outer-shell electron and ejects it from the atom, thereby ionizing the atom
compton
coherent
pair production
photoelectric effect
66
The atomic mass number is "A" and is the sum of the atomic number + _____?
number of electrons
number of protons
number of neutrons
number of electron shells
67
Attenuation is caused by
Transmission
Heat
Absorption & Scatter
Plancks Constant
68
energy which a body possesses by virtue of being in motion
Potential energy
Kinetic energy
Electromagnetic energy
Thermal energy
69
Diagnostic range of X-Rays
20 - 150 kVp
20 - 150 eVs
.1 - . 3 mSv
100 - 100,000 kVp
70
Anything that occupies space is:
Matter
Carbon emissions
Alpha rays
Energy
71
Unit of Effective Dose
Becquerel
Gray
Sievert
Air Kerma
72
What does the "Z" represent in this element?
chemical symbol
Atomic number
atomic mass
number of nucleons
73
the constant of proportionality of the energy of a photon and frequency of radiation
wave equation
constant of proportionality
planck's constant
none of these are correct
74
a chemical compound is any quantity of one type of molecule
True
False
75
What does the "X" represent in this element?
Atomic mass
Chemical Symbol
Atomic Number
76
characteristic K-shell X-rays have an effective energy of 69 keV
True
False
77
same number of protons & neutrons (mass #), different number of protons (atomic #)
Isotones
Isotopes
Isomers
Isobars
78
Which of the following machines is most efficient at producing X-Rays?
Medical Accelerator
X-Ray Tube
79
no ionization takes place during a coherent interaction
True
False
80
Photons tend to interact with matter __________ their wavelength
Equal in size
Larger than
None of these answers
Smaller than
81
atoms that have the same number of neutrons, different number of protons (atomic #)
Isotones
Isotopes
Isobars
Isomers
82
same mass #, same atomic #
Isomers
Isotopes
Isobars
Isotones
83
When low energies are removed from the X-Ray photons to increase quality
Concentration
SAD
Dosecentric
Filtration
84
Nucleons are protons and neutrons located in the outer shells of an atom
True
False
85
what is the interaction in the diagram below
compton
coherent
characteristic
bremsstralung
86
interaction with threshold energy of 1.022 mev
none of these are correct
pair production
photoelectric effect
compton effect
87
anode heat is proportional to tube current
False
True
88
Power = Work x Time
False
True
89
photons travel a the speed of light
True
False
90
atoms of various elements may combine to form structures called molecules
False
True
91
An atom that loses or gains one or more electrons is a(n) ________
pon
isotope
molecule
ion
92
What is the atomic number of Carbon?
12.0104
6
12
1
93
Which of the following are SI Base Quantities?
Cubic meter (cmm), Ampere per meter sqaured (apm), Sqaure root (sr)
Power (P), Work (W), Force (F)
Length per Cubic Meter (LCM), Root Mean Square (RMS), Miles per Hour MPH)
Length (m), Mass (kg), Time (s)

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