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AP Psychology Semester 1 Fall Final Review - Mrs. Willems January 2020 Flashcards | StudBud
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AP Psychology Semester 1 Fall Final Review - Mrs. Willems January 2020
AP Psychology Semester 1 Fall Final Review - Mrs. Willems January 2020
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1
After repeated firings, neural connections are strengthened. What is this process
state-dependent memory
long-term potentiation
proactive interference
semantic encoding
2
Lara is attracted to Craig but can't stand his friends and family. Her conflict is classified as ________________.
she does not have a conflict
approach-avoidance
avoidance-avoidance
approach-approach
3
Garcia's research w/ coyotes & sheep using taste aversions established which US/CS pairs as most powerful
punishment and aversion
nausea and food or drink
movement and electrical shocks
performing a task and receiving food
4
Ani believes she is capable of succeeding in nursing school. Her mindset is associated with
low self-esteem
an extraverted personality
high self-efficacy
a strong superego
5
A medication prescribed for major depression would most likely act on which neurotransmitter?
Acetylcholine
Adrenaline
Dopamine
Serotonin
6
The "c" in the word
cat
is best described as a
morpheme
grapheme
holobase
phoneme
7
This approach is states that human behavior springs from from unconscious drives and conflicts and sexual drives?
evolutionary
psychoanalytic
cognitive
behavioral
8
When Jake is late to basketball practice his coach makes him run laps. Jake is not late again. Punishment or Reinforcer?
modeling
positive punishment
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
9
What percent of people score between 70 and 130 on the Standard IQ Scale or the WAIS (Mean: 100, SD:15)
50
84
95
68
10
Intelligence researchers like Gardner and Sternberg argue that schools focus too much on
nonessential subjects like art and music
traditional and analytical subjects and methods
environmental factors that influence intelligence
meeting the needs of students with disabilities
11
The case study of Phineas Gage was significant because it was one of the the first examples of
treating a brain-damaged patient with psychotherapy
using a CAT scan to document the extent of the injury
a specific brain area associated with emotional changes
treatment with drugs that alter neurotransmission
12
The tendency to interpret an object as always being the same size, regardless of its distance from the viewer, known as
Size constancy
Color constancy
Depth constancy
Shapte constancy
13
Which research technique controls for both experimenter and subject bias?
Hawthorne effect
Single-blind study
Double-blind study
Hindsight bias
14
A person with a painful skin rash finds hard scratching temporarily relieves the pain
transduction theory
opponent-process theory
gate-control theory
frequency theory
15
Negative reinforcers __________ a stimulus in order to ___________ a behavior.
remove : punish
add : decrease
remove : increase
remove : decrease
16
Which structure is part of the inner ear?
auditory canal
basilar membrane
Hammer
Eardrum (tympanic membrane)
17
which psychologist would agree w/ the following:
behavior results from reinforcers & punishers
Albert Bandura
B.F. Skinner
Carl Rogers
William James
18
Our ability to perceive depth depends on what other perceptual abilities
vestibular and kinesthetic senses
binocular and monocular cues
top-down and bottom-up processing
proximity and similarity
19
You girlfriend dumps you. "I always knew she was bad news" your friend says. This demonstrates
overconfidence
confirmation bias
hindsight bias
self-serving bias
20
Retelling the story about your 13th birthday is an example of which type of memory?
implicit memory
episodic memory
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
retroactive memory
21
What is true about experiments that is not of other research methods?
they can gather data from a large number of people quickly
they can determine causal relationships between variables
they take place in more realistic, real-life settings
they involve more research participants than other studies
22
Which best describes how neurons communicate with one another?
physical contact between dendrites
chemical signals at the synaptic cleft (terminal buttons)
hormones jump from one axon to the next
electrical signals between two myelin sheaths
23
Knowledge of different categories of trees is an example of what type of long-term memory
eidetic memory
episodic memory
procedural memory
semantic memory
24
Which concept is most relevant to Noam Chomsky's theory of how children learn language?
linguistic relativity hypothesis
phonemes and morphemes
language acquisition device
serial position effect
25
A musician who signs a recording contract stops playing for fun. This is best explained by
latent learning
the law of effect
social learning theory
the overjustification effect
26
A teacher whose class culture encourages intrinsic motivation uses which management style
James-Lange
approach-avoidance
postconventional
theory Y
27
Which is most closely associated with creativity
hypothesis testing
divergent thinking
contextual intelligence
functional fixedness
28
A librarian gives a prize for every five books students read. Her schedule of reinforcement is _____________.
fixed ratio
continuous
variable interval
fixed variable
29
An artist making a drawing could use which of the following to add depth to the picture
closure
convergence
retinal disparity
linear perspective
30
Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation?
Activation-Synthesis Theory
Freud's Wish-Fulfillment
Social Influence Theory
Dissociation Theory
31
How would drive reduction theory explain a person eating half a bowl of M&M's and stopping?
they were satisfying the 2nd step on the hierarchy of needs
people eat in moderation to prevent being seen as selfish
the person stopped when their body had reached homeostasis
humans are instinctively driven to eat sugar and fat
32
A variable ratio of reinforcement is often preferable to a fixed ratio because
fixed ratios allow both classical and operant learning
fixed ratio schedules are more time intensive
variable ratio schedules are more resistant to extinction
variable ratio schedules produce the quickest results
33
Someone who can't move the muscles needed for accurate speech might have brain damage where?
Wernicke's area
Broca's area
Gage's area
hippocampus
34
Elizabeth Loftus' research on wording and misinformation effects on memory best demonstrate
the role of the hippocampus in memory
the serial position effect
the rate at which people forget information
the reconstructive nature of memory
35
At 1:00am, Mrs. Willems gets out of bed and begins to sleepwalk. An EEG of her brain activity is most likely to indicate
Alpha waves
Beta waves
Delta waves
REM
36
Which brain structure is involved in hunger motivation?
cerebellum
amygdala
hypothalamus
medulla
37
which structure in the eye is most responsible for color vision
cones
optic nerve
rods
cornea
38
Which best explains the Schachter-Singer two-factor theory?
people follow a pattern of alarm, resistance, exhaustion
an event causes an emotion and a physiological response
perceived control over life reduces stress and improves mood
physiological reaction and cognitive labeling cause emotion
39
What type of motivations best encourage positive behaviors to persist over time?
need for achievement
extrinsic motivation
primary drives
intrinsic motivation
40
What is the first step in any example of Classical Conditioning?
pairing an unconditioned stimulus and a neutral stimulus
following a response with a reinforcement or punishment
reinforcing for a behavior similar to the desired behavior
rewarding a conditioned response with a conditioned stimulus
41
What value, or percentage, will tell Matt whether his research is statistically significant?
a correlation coefficient close to .75
a probability of chance less than 5%
a standard deviation of 4 or more
a mean that is the same as the median
42
Turning up the volume on a radio changes which aspect of sound?
frequency of the wave
amplitude of the wave
transduction of the wave
pitch of the tone
43
A test that identifies people with the potential to be great lawyers is an example of a(n)
IQ test
aptitude test
EQ test
achievement test
44
Classical Conditioning involves __________; Operant Conditioning involves __________
schedules; punishers
learned responses; physiological reactions
fixed intervals; variable ratios
pairing stimuli; rewards and punishments
45
In a class of 25 students, all but 2 score between 82 and 94. The 2 scores of 47 and 55 are
modes
variances
outliers
normally distributed
46
Nicole has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed and she’s very relaxed, she has not fallen asleep
Alpha waves
REM
Theta waves
Delta waves
47
Learned helplessness is most likely to be directly related to
an external locus of control
the Oedipus complex
the self-serving bias
unconditional positive regard
48
Physiological reactions like
surprise
or
shock
are controlled by which part of the NS
Sympathetic nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Endocrine system
Parasympathetic nervous system
49
Joe has a serious memory problem. Which neurotransmitter is Joe most likely deficient?
GABA
Norepinephrine
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
50
Which of the following terms applies to IQ tests?
projective
achievement
standardized
triarchic
51
Light enters the eye through an opening in the ____________ .
blind spot
iris
retina
fovea
52
Jen's friend shows video evidence of her husband kissing another woman. Jen is in denial about her husband's affair.
availability heuristic
belief perserverence
confirmation bias
functional fixedness
53
Maria slams the car door and yells at her kids. Now when they hear a car door slam they cringe.
instrumental learning
classical conditioning
observational learning
operant conditioning
54
A doctor determining whether an accident caused structural damage to the brain would use
MRI
CT (CAT)
EEG
PET
55
People who watch violent movies are more likely to behave violently. Which statement reflects which of the following?
counterconditioning
observational learning
latent learning
insight learning
56
if the College Board left out questions about neuroscience on the AP exam, the test would lack
content validity
predictive validity
test-retest reliability
split-half reliability
57
If Pavlov's dogs began to salivate when they heard a sound similar to a bell they would show
spontaneous recovery
stimulus generalization
stimulus discrimination
unconditioned response
58
Most people can taste 1g of salt in 1qt of water. Which concept does this statement explain?
Difference threshold
Weber's Law
Just noticeable difference
Absolute threshold
59
What theory of emotion are cognitive psychologists likely to support?
Opponent Process Theory
James-Lange theory
Schachter two-factor theory
Cannon-Bard Theory
60
A musicians ability to discern between two similar pitches depends on which concept?
difference threshold
signal detection theory
absolute threshold
Weber's Law
61
The limbic system plays an important role in which of the following?
processing sensory information
planning for the future
regulating emotion
maintaining balance
62
Bandura's Bobo doll experiment evidenced the importance of __________ in social learning.
modeling
sublimation
mirror neurons
latent learning
63
An American's prototype of a chair is most likely to include
pens, pencils, and a computer
four legs and a seat
an armchair, chairlift, and wheelchair
a desk and/or table
64
Abraham Maslow theorized that people are motivated by
desire to achieve in the eyes of others
reinforcement of primary and secondary needs
satisfying needs on a hierarchy
achieving physiological homeostasis
65
Which of the following psychological disorders has been linked to a deficit of dopamine?
autism
major depressive disorder
Parkinson's disease
Alzheimer's disease
66
Which is an example of an implicit memory?
recognizing a celebrity
remembering how to tie your shoelace
recalling the name of your JH math teacher
describing the taste of a birthday cake
67
Which of the following serves as an insulator facilitating the electrical aspect of neural transmission?
myelin sheath
dendrites
axon terminal
neurotransmiters
68
Which best summarizes the results of Tolman's latent learning experiment?
rats that were continually reinforced ran the maze faster
rats that received punishment ran the maze faster
rats who explored the maze first ran faster when reinforced
reinforcement had little impact on the rats' performance
69
Which of the following properties of sound would be most similar to color/hue of light?
Loudness
Pitch
Amplitude
Timbre
70
testing the problem-solving skills of 10, 20, and 30-year-olds in a study uses this method
longitudinal study
cross-sectional study
developmental study
social-cognitive study
71
After studying for weeks and taking an AP exam, Conrad gets the flu. What theory explains this
Yerkes-Dodson law
James-Lange theory of emotion
Selye's general adaptation syndrome
Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory
72
Reporting the effect of drinking alcohol on self-consciousness, researchers specify how self-consciousness is measured.
Independent variable
Single-blind procedure
Operational definition
Survey
73
If a distribution of scores includes outliers, which measure of central tendency should be used
mean
median
range
standard deviation
74
Reading a job description written with masculine pronouns, people may believe that the employee is a male.
language acquisition device
principle of continuity
linguistic relativity hypothesis
gender schema theory
75
The ability to solve a new computer game based on logical puzzles probably depends on
crystallized intelligence
multiple intelligences
fluid intelligence
aptitude intelligence
76
A student earns an A+ in her AP Psych class. Which kind of reinforcer is the grade?
partial
continuous
secondary
primary
77
In the model of information processing, memories are first stored in _______________.
long-term memory
procedural memory
short-term memory
sensory memory
78
Ethical principles developed by the APA urged psychological investigators to
Forewarn potential research participants of the exact hypothesis of study
Avoid use of monetary incentives to recruit participants
Ensure that participants give informed consent before participating
Avoid the use of the lab when behaviors of interest can be observed
79
Choosing 20 people at random from a large lecture class of 400 is an example of
placebo effect
confounding variables
random assignment
random sampling
80
Circadian rhythm refers to:
The pattern of emotional ups and downs we routinely experience.
A pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle.
The cycle of four stages that we experience during a normal night of sleep.
The experience of jet lag following an extensive transoceanic flight.
81
Damage to the occipital region of the brain would most likely affect which sense?
hearing
touch
balance
sight
82
Children who suffer brain damage can regain function more quickly than older patients due to ______________.
long-term potentiation
neuroplasticity
blindsight
hemispheric lateralization
83
Which statement best represents the relationship between performance and arousal?
performance continually decreases as arousal increases
too little or too much arousal is harmful to performance
performance is best at low and high levels of arousal
performance steadily increases as arousal increases
84
This school of thought studies mental processes includes thinking, memory, making decisions, judgements, encoding, etc.
Humanistic
Evolutionary
psychoanalytic approach
cognitive approach
85
What research method could study the relationship between owning a hybrid car and being vegan?
correlation study
naturalistic observation
case study
experiment
86
A low level of glucose in Sam's bloodstream would most likely make him want to do which of the following?
pursue a romantic interest
eat a meal
go for a run
make new friends
87
Which of the following correlations expresses the strongest degree of relationship between two variables?
+0.66
-0.67
+0.10
-0.10
88
Which structure is located in the brainstem?
medulla
cerebral cortex
thalamus
sensory cortex
89
One group receives an ad for 99% fat free milk; the other for 1% fat milk. What being tested
representativeness heuristic
inattentional blindness
framing effects
confirmation bias
90
In people, rods, unlike cones, _______________.
are located in the center of the retina
are unable to detect motion
have a lower absolute threshold for light
respond more quickly to colors