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Geoscience Unit Test
2. select correct response for red/blue shift
Emitted by stars
Geoscience Unit Test
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1
Emitted by stars
electromagnetic radiation
Elements
Hydrogen and helium
Gravity
2
2. select correct response for red/blue shift
Red shift expanding, Blue shrinking
Red shift shrinking, Blue expanding
3
12. what 2 things are produced in nuclear fusion?
sodium and potassium
Hydrogen and Helium
neon and argon
Carbon and Iron
4
In which diagram is the force of gravity the greatest between the star and the planet shown?
C
B
D
A
5
At which position represented in Diagram I would the orbital velocity of the satellite be the greatest?
7
3
11
1
6
If distance between Earth & Sun were doubled, what changes would occur to gravitational pull?
The gravitational pull decrease, period of revolution would increase
Pull increase, revolution decrease
Pull decrease, and revolution decrease
Pull increase, revolution increase
7
10. What evidence do we use to understand stars
Hypothesis
Movies
Video Games
Spectral Analysis
8
4. Where are atomic nuclei produced during nuclear fusion?
the Moon
Core of stars
School
Earth
9
The — Of the solar system includes the formation of the sun and it’s orbiting bodies
Nebular theory
Supernova theory
Main sequence theory
Proto star theory
10
Background radiation detected in space is believed to be evidence that___
All matter in the universe is stationary
The universe is contracting
The universe began with a primeVal explosion
Galaxies are evenly spaced throughout the universe
11
17. Which force acting on a star causes it to EXPAND?
Cold Air
Thermal Expansion
Lava
Gravity
12
13. WHat happens to fuel a star starts with during life cycle?
Transfers energy/mass to other stellar objects
transfers to a black hole
disolves
disappears
13
Kepler 3. What is eccentricity?
flatness/roundness
length
% of elipse
height
14
The reaction represents how energy is produced __
during nuclear decay
In the sun by fusion
from the movement of crustal plates
when water condenses in earths atmosphere
15
Which object forms by the contraction of gases causing the nuclear fusion of lighter elements into heavier elements?
comet
planet
star
moon
16
Which star has the greatest probability of producing a supernova explosion?
Procyon B
Barnard's star
Betelgeuse
The sun
17
What is the exact shape of earths orbit around the sun
a perfect circle
And oblate spheroid
A VERY eccentric ellipse
A SLIGHTLY eccentric ellipse
18
The term ___ is used to describe all frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.
Pressure
Energy
Light
Heat
19
According to the table, the orbit of which planet would most closely resemble a circle?
Earth
Venus
Mars
Mercury
20
Kepler 5. an object is ___ when it changes speed, direction, or both
negative
accellerating
21
5. How are elements formed in stars - dependent on initial mass
The Larger mass, the more elements
The smaller mass, the less elements
None
like magnets
22
kepler 6. What must happen to forces acting on an object to cause acceleration?
Opposite/Equal actions/reactions
newton's laws of Inertia (F=ma)
change direction
23
What is the atomic nuclei a combination of?
electron and proton
proton and neutron
electron and neutron
none
24
Which list shows stars in order of increasing temperature
rigel, polaris, aldebaran, Barnard star
Aldebaran, the sun, rigel, procyon B
Barnard's Star, polaris, sirius, rigel
procyon B, Alpha Centauri, polaris, Betelgeuse
25
8. Explain patters seen on HR diagram
Green group
Main Sequence
GIants
Dwarfs
26
19. What is the importance of star spectra?
Analysis of colors
Analysis of elements
Analysis of internet
Analysis of heat rays
27
The observed composition of the universe (3/4 H, 1/4 He) is best explained by the
Cosmic background radiation theory
none
Big Bang Theory
Nebular theory
28
15. Explain how thermal pressure and gravitational force keep in equilibrium?
none
Pressure in -- Gravity out
none
Pressure out -- Gravity In
29
What is the correlation between the mass of a star and the types of elements it can produce?
high mass, heavier elements
low mass, heavier elements
30
The star ALGOL Is best classified as
white dwarf star
Main sequence star
31
Stars start with a fixed amount of matter used as fuel which is used throughout the lives of the star and ___ at endlife
Maintained
Exhausted
None of the above
Produced
32
Kepler‘s laws of orbit motion were developed based on a significant amount of __
Observational data
Theories
Hypotheses
Inferences
33
Kepler 7. When is force greatest/weakest
Greatest - furthest from Perihelion
Greatest - closest to Perihelion
Weakest - closest to aphelion
Weakest - furthest from aphelion
34
6. How are elements formed in stars - dependent on stage of star
After supernova
After Red giant - high or low mass
Blue giant
After black hole
35
According to the diagram, a star like earth's sun will eventually __?
Explode in a supernova
become a black hole
become a neutron star
change into a white dwarf
36
The lifecycle of a star including the sun is controlled by the __ of the star
Initial density
Initial mass
Ending mass
Ending destiny
37
compared with the sun, the star Betelgeuse is __
larger, hotter, and less luminous
smaller, hotter, and less luminous
larger, cooler, and more luminous
smaller, cooler, and more luminous
38
The outward flow of energy from the core of the star provides the __ to keep the star from __ under its own weight
Pressure; expanding
Pressure; collapsing
Gravity; collapsing
Gravity; expanding
39
All satellites, moons, planets, solar systems, galaxies are governed by __
Laws of gravity
Laws of density
Laws of velocity
Laws of motion
40
Atomic nuclei are developed as a result of ___ during the life cycle of a star.
black holes
nebula formation
supernova explosion
nuclear fusion
41
What two elements were formed at the time of the Big Bang?
hydrogen and helium
carbon and lithium
iron and nickel
oxygen and nitrogen
42
16. Which force acting on a star causes it to collape
Force
Gravity
War of Stars
Oceans and Seas
43
9. Term "light" refers to
Photons
None
Darkness
electromagnetic spectrum
44
When observing a shift of spectral lines toward the red end of the visible spectrum the shift provides evidence that __
The sun is cooling
The universe is expanding
Orbital velocity’s of stars are decreasing
The earths atmosphere is warming
45
Kepler 4. When will planets orbital velocity be greatest?
perihelion
further from star
closest to star
aphelion
46
7. heavier elements formed during supernova are recycled, Why?
To save the earth
they are used elsewhere for planets, new stars, etc
they are not recycled
to add to the Earth's mass
47
The shift in the spectral lines indicates that the star is moving
in an elliptical orbit around the sun
Toward Earth
In a circular orbit around the sun
Away from Earth
48
Kepler 1. Governed by which law?
Laws of physics
Law of motion
Law of Space
Laws of Mars
49
14. What theory included the formation of the sun and orbiting bodies?
main sequence star
Supernova theory
Protostar theory
Nebular Theory
50
Big Bang! 1. Is the expansion of the universe...
n/a
Accelerating
Slowing down
remaining constant
51
Which two stars are most similar in luminosity?
Alpha Centauri and Sirius
Procyon B and Proxima Centauri
Polaris and the Sun
Betelgeuse and Barnard's star
52
Compared to the surface temp and luminosity of massive stars in main sequence, smaller stars are
cooler and less luminous
hotter and more luminous
hotter and less luminous
coller and more luminous
53
The big bang is most directly supported by ___
Presence of volcanoes on earth
Presence of craters on earths moon
Red shift of light from distant galaxies
54
The type of atom is determined by the number of ____? (#2)
Neutrons
photons
Electrons
Protons
55
20. How are stages of large mass and small mass stars different?
Large -> white dwarf --> black dwarf
small/low mass --> Green dwarf --> black dwarf
small/low mass --> white dwarf --> black dwarf
Large --> supernova --> black hole
56
How does the orbital speed in section A compare to section B?
A = B speed
It is moving faster in A
It is moving slower in A
A speeds up, B slows down
57
The average temperature of the universe since stage three has
Remain the same
Increased only
Decreased only
Increased then decreased
58
11. How is a stars spectrum and color determined?
Materials (elements)
Food
Mass
None
59
If the universe appears to be expanding, which conclusion as most logical concerning the universe
The universe must have been smaller denser and hotter in the past
The density of the universe is increasing
Larger less dense hotter
The temp of the universe is increasing
60
Kepler 2. Orbits are elliptical with varying degrees of ___
velocity
eccentricity
61
Kepler 9. Explain how the orbital velocity of Earth changes as it moves from perihelion to aphelion..think magnets
Earth closest to sun - Greater gravitational pull
Earth closest to sun - Lesser gravitational pull
