Duplicate of AP Statistics Vocabulary

Making conclusions about a larger population based on sample data.

When a distribution is even across the full range of values of the variable.

Explains how well the regression line fits the data, from 0 (weak) to 1 (strong).

The probability that a test will reject the Null when the Alternative is true.

The occurrence of one event or the other, or both.

The distribution of just one sample.

A variable that takes on a finite number of values (usually no decimals).

The typical or common distance observations are away from the mean.

A sample where each individual was randomly chosen and randomly assigned to a treatment.

The claim that we do not believe to be true that we are trying to find evidence against.

A procedure using a sample statistic to make a decision about the validity of a claim.

Occurs when we reject the Null hypothesis when it was actually true.

A group of experimental units that are similar and so are treated as one experimental unit.

The set of all possible outcomes of a chance process.

The occurrence of two events at the same time.

A sample selected by taking individuals that select themselves.

The individual terms that are added together to form the test statistic for categorical data.

The sum of the values of the observations divided by the number of observations.

__% of all such samples would produce a range of values that would capture the true value.

The most common number.

The probability that an event does NOT happen.

When knowing the value of one variable helps to predict the value of another.

When the effects of two different variables on a response variable cannot be told apart.

A non-symmetric distribution that has a distinct tail.

The proportion of a chance process will approach a single value as you do more trials.

The number of standard deviations to be added/subtracted from the test statistic (z* or t*)

The middle number (resistant to outliers).

A sample selected by taking individuals that were easy to reach.

The variable that may predict the changes in another variable.

A variable that takes on an infinite number of values.

When it is not possible for two event to occur simultaneously.

The science of data.

A number from a sample used to estimate some characteristic of a population.

A graph that shows bars that have ranges for counts of a continuous variable.

A family of distributions that always take on positive values and are skewed right.

In experiments, when all variables except for the explanatory variable must be kept the same.

When randomly selected individuals cannot be contacted or refuse to participate.

The fraction of the variation that can be explained by the least-squares regression line (r²).

The # of standard deviations an observation falls from the center of a Normal distribution.

A Normal distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation of 1.

A common form of blocking in comparing two different treatments, often on the same sample.

An inactive (fake) treatment for which some subjects may actually respond.

A sample by putting individuals into population-like groups and randomly choosing one group.

A class of density curves that are symmetric, single-peaked, and bell-shaped.

When randomly selected individuals in a sample do not provide accurate information.

The claim that we actually believe to be true that we are trying to find evidence for.

The amount of counts of a variable out of all counts, often expressed as a percent.

The total value to be added/subtracted from the test statistic to find the interval max/min.

A number between 0 and 1 that describes the proportion of an outcome in a chance process.

An individual that falls well outside the pattern of data.

A graph of quantitative data with two clear peaks.

A sampling distribution of at least 30 will be approx normal even if the population is not.

The range from Q1 to Q3.

A number that describes some characteristic of a population.

The distribution of many samples.

The exact counts of a variable.

When a group of the population does not get accurate representation in a sample.

An outcome of a chance process is more likely to occur if it has not occurred for a long time.

The entire group of individuals which we are interested in knowing something about.

When neither the researchers nor the subjects know which treatments were assigned to groups.

Minumum, Q1, Median, Q3, and Maximum values of a data set.

A family of distributions like the Normal curve expect with more variability in the samples.

A graph of the five-number summary.

When the design of a study would consistently give an over or underestimate of the true value.

A variable of value rather than description.

An event that rarely would have happened just by chance.

The number of individuals of a sample found in each category in response to a survey.

The distribution of a random variable with the number of trials set in advance.

A range of plausible values for a parameter, based on a statistic.

A sample where each individual was randomly chosen from the population.

When only either the researchers or the subjects know which treatments were assigned to groups.

The probability that the statistic would have taken on a value given the Null hypothesis true.

A variable of description rather than value.

The distribution of total values for categorical variables on a one-way or two-way table.

The smallest collection of individuals to which a treatment is to be applied.

When the right and left sides of a distribution are mirror images of each other.

A study that attempts to survey every individual of the population.

An imitation of a chance behavior that uses a model that accurately represents the situation.

A fixed value used as a cutoff on what probability is or is not statistically significant.

A sample obtained by putting individuals into like-groups and randomly choosing some from each.

The standard deviation of a significance test or confidence interval.

Individuals are monitored for measures of variables of interest but not influenced in response.

The maximum minus the minimum.

The distribution of a random variable of continuing trials until a certain number of successes.

The probability that an event will occur given that another event has already occurred.

The difference between an observed value and its predicted/expected value.

Occurs when we fail to reject the Null hypothesis when it was actually false.

A diagram used to display the sample space of a chance process involving a sequence of outcomes

A graph that shows the relationship between two quantitative variables using dots.

A model that describes the overall pattern of a distribution.

A study where researchers deliberately impose treatment on the individuals.

The (inaccurate) use of a regression line to estimate outside the range of the given data.

Decisions based through a process of chance.

The response value a Least Squares Regression Line would expect for a given explanatory value.

Explains the linear relationship between two quantitative variables, from -1 to 1.

The proportion of observations that are lower than a particular observation.

A smaller group of individuals whose information is used to infer about a larger group.

An accurate statistic used to approximate the parameter of a population.

The four evenly sized sections of a set of ordered data.

The number of individuals that would be found in each category if the Null hypothesis is true.