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Earth Science Final
Earth Science Final
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Earth Science Final
Flashcards
83 cards
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1
Radiation that has the longest wavelengths are called ____________.
radio waves
ultraviolet waves
microwaves
visible light
2
Water moving from the nutrient rich section to the entire ocean during upwelling is moving how?
Up
Sideways
The answer is in the question!
Down
3
What device is used by scientists to break up the sun's light into a spectrum?
A chromograph
A photograph
A spectograph
A coronograph
4
Which of the following is not a type of foliated rock?
marble
slate
schist
gneiss
5
What is isostasy?
gravity and buoyancy causing the atmosphere to rise
gravitational and buoyant equilibrium
buoyancy overcoming gravity
gravitational and buoyant incongruity
6
As deep ocean water moves more towards the surface, it warms up and becomes ___________.
More dense
Less salty
More salty
Less dense
7
What is the force exerted by the leading edge of a subducting plate called?
slab pull
tectonic plate drag
convection
ridge push
8
What is the slope of a water table called?
it's saturation
it's discharge
it's gradient
it's load
9
Where have clues to animal adaptions to climate change been found?
In fossils
In ice cores
In tree rings
In sea-floor sediment
10
What is sedimentary rock that is made of fragments which are compacted or cemented together.
clastic
organic
chemical
inorganic
11
The time difference between the P and S waves helps determine an earthquake’s _____.
focus
epicenter
intensity
magnitude
12
What is a natural flow of groundwater to Earth’s surface is called?
cone of depression
well
caprock
spring
13
An area where chemical weathering is obvious is called ______________________.
sinking topography
limestone topography
karst topography
artesian topography
14
What is a major cause of tides?
The gravitational pull of the sun
Earth's rotation
The gravitational pull of the moon
Earth's tilt
15
What type of climate has the fastest rate of weathering?
a climate that is cold and dry
a climate that is cold and moist
a climate that is hot and dry
a climate that is alternating hot and cold
16
Which of the following is an effect of air pollution?
pollen distribution
volcanic ash dispersal
chlorofluorocarbons
destruction of the ozone layer
17
What happens when the sun heats up both the land and water?
The land and the water cool down at equal rates.
The land heats up faster that the water.
The water heats up faster than the land.
The land and water heat up at equal rates.
18
What is a cause of different colors?
Different speeds of traveling light
Different temperatures of light
Different spectra of light
Different wavelengths of light
19
Which type of star is small, hot, dim, and is a leftover center from an old sun-like star?
A yellow dwarf
A red dwarf
A white dwarf
A blue dwarf
20
How is energy generated in a star’s core during the Main Sequence Stage?
Helium fusing into carbon
Carbon fusing into helium
Helium fusing into hydrogen
Hydrogen fusing into helium
21
What is the force of attraction that exists among all matter in the universe called?
pull
weight
gravity
magnetism
22
What is the coolest layer of the Sun's atmosphere called?
Core
Chromosphere
Photosphere
Corona
23
What causes the curving of the ocean currents and winds in the Coriolis Effect?
The Earth's gravitational force
The Earth tilted on its axis
The Earth's rotation
The Earth's orbit
24
What is magma that is rich in magnesium and iron called?
felsic
mafic
unfoliated
foliated
25
Why is most siliceous ooze found around Antarctica?
Because I said so!
There are large amounts of red clay there.
There are large amounts of diatoms and radiolarians there.
There are many foraminiferans there.
26
What kind of wind is narrow, moves at high speeds, and moves in the upper troposphere?
a convection current
a tradewind
a doldrum
a jet stream
27
What are oxidation, hydrolysis, acid precipitation, and carbonation examples of?
mechanical weathering
abrasion
erosion
chemical weathering
28
When ice freezes, latent heat is ________________.
evaporated
released
sublimated
absorbed
29
How do scientists calculate the depth of the ocean floor with sonar?
They measure the time it takes the sound wave to travel.
They measure the length of the sound wave.
They measure the volume of the sound wave.
They measure the distance the sound waves travel.
30
Where are seamounts most likely to form?
trenches
mid-ocean ridges
hot spots
fracture zones
31
What is a cone-shaped deposit of calcite on the ceiling of a cave called?
A stalactite
A stalagmite
A cavern
A tavern
32
Advective cooling is when the temperature of an air mass _____ as it moves over a cold surface.
equals itself out
decreases
increases
stays the same
33
What is needed for clouds to form?
condensation prevailing
prevailing nuclei
condensation leveling
condensation nuclei
34
The ratio of the amount of water vapor in the air needed to reach saturation is ______.
absolute humidity
unrelative humidity
humidity
relative humidity
35
What is a type of stress that pushes a body together called?
strain
tension
compression
stress
36
What does the condensation level of a cloud mark?
The top of the cloud
The dew point of the cloud
The condensation nuclei of the cloud
The base of the cloud
37
When a large block of soil and rock becomes unstable and moves downhill in one piece it is ___.
a landslide
a rockfall
a mudslide
slumping
38
According to the Law of Superposition, the youngest rocks are ______________.
in all layers
on the top
in the middle
on the bottom
39
S waves are also known as _________.
simple waves
secondary waves
compression waves
Rayleigh waves
40
What causes deep currents in the ocean?
Differences in density of the ocean water
Global winds
The Coriolis Effect
Continental barriers
41
What is important about Hubble’s discovery of a red shift in the spectra of galaxies?
It proves the big bang theory.
It suggests the existence of black holes.
It suggests that the universe is contracting.
It suggests that the universe is expanding.
42
What two elements must be present in a silicate?
silicon and oxygen
silicon and sodium
silicon and quartz
silicon and carbon
43
True or false: Furrowing is an effective farming method for conserving soil.
True
False
44
Dissolved solids in oceans from volcanoes, weathered rocks, and chemical reactions are ____.
Zinc
Phosphorous
Potassium
Sea salts
45
What is the name of the tidal current that flows away from the ocean towards the coast?
Slack tide
Flood tide
Ebb tide
Tidal wave
46
How is the atomic number of an atom determined?
By the number of neutrons
By the number of neutrons and electrons
By the number of protons
By the number of electrons
47
A biological community of organisms and their physical environment is called a(n) ______.
ecosystem
hydrosphere
ecology
biosphere
48
What is the cause of most of the sun's energy?
Nuclear fission
Nuclear finding
Nuclear fishing
Nuclear fusion
49
What is radioactivity?
stable atomic nuclei decay over time
another form of magnetism
unstable atomic nuclei decaying releasing energy
contamination of minerals
50
What is the semi-solid plastic layer of the mantle is called?
lithosphere
core
mesosphere
asthenosphere
51
What is the process of different minerals melting at different temperatures?
partial melting
a meltdown
differential melting
complete melting
52
What are two main gases dissolved in ocean water?
Nitrogen and oxygen
Hydrogen and nitrogen
Oxygen and Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide and hydrogen
53
What instrument bounces radio waves off of rain or snow to determine precipitation levels?
Radiosonde
A rain gauge
A hygrometer
Doppler radar
54
Parts of the water cycle include evaporation, condensation, and ____________.
hydration
perspiration
transportation
transpiration
55
What evidence is there of Earth's revolution around the sun?
The different positions of stars over a period of hours
Foucault's Pendulem
The different positions of stars over a period of weeks
The Coriolis Effect
56
What are counted in an atom to determine
mass number?
protons, neutrons, and electrons
protons and electrons
protons and neutrons
electrons and neutrons
57
The amount of energy needed to change the temp. of 1 g of a substance by 1 degree C is ____.
Specific heat
Heat specific
Unspecific heat
Heat Unspecific
58
How do atoms form chemical bonds?
By transferring protons from one atom to another
By transferring or sharing valence electrons between atoms
By transferring or sharing neutrons from one atom to another
by combining reactive chemical properties
59
An air mass that begins over land and moves dry, warm air to the ocean is called ________.
continental tropical
continental polar
maritime polar
maritime tropical
60
Characteristics of the chemical properties of matter ______________________.
of subatomic particles can be observed
describe reactions between substances
can be observed without changing substances
can only be observed through experimentation
61
What happens when the oceanic and continental lithospheres collide?
they reach isostasy
the oceanic plate subducts
the continental plate subducts
The oceanic plate uplifts
62
An idea that explains related observations and is supported by a large body of evidence is ___.
an experiment
a hypothesis
a law
a theory
63
How are scientists able to determine the composition and temperature of stars?
By analyzing the vibrations of the stars
By analyzing the matter from the surface of stars
By analyzing the magnetism of the stars
By analyzing the light that the stars emit
64
What are density, color, and boiling point examples of?
chemical properties
physical properties
chemical weathering
physical weathering
65
At what type of plate boundary do earthquakes occur at?
at a plate boundary where stress on rocks is least
at a plate boundary where there is no stress on rocks
at a plate boundary where stress on rocks is greatest
at a plate boundary where stress on rocks is stressful
66
What diagram is used to plot the surface temperature of a star against its luminosity?
The H-R Diagram
The Hager Diagram
The R-H Diagram
The Wolf Diagram
67
Which of the following is NOT a common agent of erosion?
wind
burrowing
water
gravity
68
What is the lowest point of a wave called?
A frequency
A period
A crest
A trough
69
In a column the atoms of different elements usually have the same number of ______.
electrons
atomic numbers
mass numbers
valence electrons
70
What is a depression on a volcano called that formed because the chamber under it emptied?
caldera
crater
cone
crust
71
Open spaces in rock must be connected in order for the rock to be ________.
permeable
porous
pocketed
packed
72
Which of the following does NOT affect the flow of groundwater through an aquifer?
gradient
permeability
porosity
weathering
73
What kind of wind blows cool air from water to land?
sea breeze
mountain breeze
land breeze
valley breeze
74
Which of the following is NOT a process of chemical weathering?
exfoliation
carbonation
oxidation
acid precipitation
75
All landforms go through similar functions, they include ___________________________.
Gravity and contouring
Gravity and exfoliation
Erosion and uplift
Erosion and extraction
76
Which theory states climate change occurs because of Earth's orbit, tilt of axis, and wobble?
The Hager Theory
The McDonald Theory
The Walden Theory
The Milankovitch Theory
77
Which type of winds are the main prevailing winds in the United States?
the easterlies
the doldrums
the tradewinds
the westerlies
78
When is it believed that the Universe began?
Approximately 10 billion years ago
Approximately 14 billion years ago
Approximately 4.6 billion years ago
Approximately 1 billion years ago
79
What are the northern and southern lights called?
solar flares
borealis
auroras
australis
80
What is the first source of energy in a food chain?
Insects
Small mammals
Plants
Sunlight
81
Why are phytoplankton the foundation of life in ocean water?
They create a proper environment for all sea life.
They are yummy for the tummy.
They are the base of the food chain.
They are at the top of the food chain.
82
What event is believed to have started the Universe?
The Big Bang
The Milky Way Phenomenon
The Grand Slam
The Nebula Incredebula
83
What is absolute magnitude?
The brightness of a star as it appears from the Sun
The brightness of a star as it appears from Earth
The untrue brightness of a star
The true brightness of a star
