AP Psychology - Part 3 - Thinking & Memory

Memories not fully aware of, formed through automatic processing

encoding based on meaning of words

Stress hormones provoke the amygdala to initiate a memory in the frontal lobe.

The feeling that you’re in a situation that you’ve seen or have been in before.

tendency to be more confident than correct

Proposes that memory is made up of sensory, short-term, and long-term memory

relating material to ourselves, aids encoding and retention

effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought

thinking strategy that allows us to make judgments and solve problems

Incorporating misleading information into memory of an event.

distributed study/practice yields better long-term retention

'blank' in memories before age 3; implicit memories retained, explicit memories not retained

inability to retrieve memory of the past

Network that processes/stores your implicit memories for skills/newly conditioned associations includes your __ and __.

clinging to one’s initial conceptions after they have been discredited

Found duration of short-term memory without rehearsal, roughly 12 seconds

Past information interferes with learning new information.

New stimuli/learning interferes with storage/retrieval of previously formed memories.

Recalling information requires sending information to your frontal lobe.

Studied measure of retention; found that more rehearsal leads to better retention and less need for relearning

memory of auditory stimuli, can be recalled for 3-4 seconds

mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Memories are altered every time we recall them.

expanding the number of possible problem solutions

the way an issue is posed, can affect decisions

tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore contradictory evidence

tendency to approach a problem in one particular way

What did Elizabeth Loftus research?

increase in a cell's firing potential, neural basis for learning and memory

Short-term memory where new information is rehearesed/processed and long-term memories are retrieved and used

narrowing available problem solutions to determine the best solution

Memories consciously known and recalled, formed through effortful processing

estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory

memory of visual stimuli, lasts no more than 1/20th of a second

George Miller found that we can hold 5-9 bits of information at a time.

We retrieve a memory more easily when in the same context as when we formed the memory.

Forgetting the source of a memory, typically attributing the source to own experience

Chunking, mnemonics, hierarchies/categories, rehearsal, deep processing are examples of what type of processing?

methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a problem

The network that processes and stores your explicit memories for facts and episodes includes your _____ and ______ .

sudden realization of a problem’s solution

a mental image or best example of a category.

a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.

encoding based on structure or appearance of words

encoding semantically

the ability to produce new and valuable ideas

inability to form new long-term memories

memory of an emotionally charged moment or event

Recalling experiences that are consistent with one’s current mood

Long-term memory has an infinite capacity where connections get rewired and more interconnected.