Which of the following accurately reflects the emergence and integration of the rooting reflex?

Emerges at 28 weeks gestation, integrates by 3–7 months

What is the expected response when a child is gently pushed off balance while sitting?

Arm extends and contacts surface to prevent falling

Which of the following is a typical cognitive milestone at 30 months?

Pretends to feed a block to a doll

A 2-year-old typically:

Uses more gestures like blowing kisses

When does the palmar grasp reflex emerge and integrate?

Emerges at 30 weeks gestation; integrates at 2–4 months

Which cognitive milestone is expected at 4 months?

Looks at own hands with interest

What is the typical timeframe for the emergence and integration of the sucking/swallowing reflex?

Emerges at 28 weeks gestation; integrates at 3–7 months

When does ATNR typically emerge and integrate?

Emerges at 1 month; integrates at 4–6 months

What is a typical language milestone for a 3-year-old?

Talks in conversation with at least two back-and-forth exchanges

What is the positive Moro reflex response?

Arms abduct, extend, then flex and adduct

Which behavior is typical of a 3-year-old?

Notices other children and joins them to play

At 6 months, a child typically:

Puts objects in their mouth to explore

A 4-month-old typically:

Turns head toward sound of your voice

What communication milestone is expected at 18 months?

Follows 1-step directions without gestures

Which is a typical social milestone at 30 months?

Follows simple routines when told, like helping pick up toys

How does the retained Sucking/Swallowing Reflex interfere with daily function?

It impacts the coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing.

Which of the following is a typical social/emotional milestone for a 2-month-old?

Calms down when spoken to or picked up

Which of the following is a social milestone for a 4-year-old?

Asks to go play with other children

What are the emergence and integration ages of the Landau reflex?

Emerges at 5 months; integrates at 12–24 months

At 5 years, a child typically:

Tells a story with at least two events

A typical language milestone at age 4 includes:

Talks about at least one thing that happened during the day

What is a typical 15-month-old social behavior?

Shows affection like hugs or kisses

What are the emergence and integration ages for the plantar grasp reflex?

Emerges at 25 weeks gestation; integrates at 9–12 months

What is a typical equilibrium response when the child is tilted?

Lateral trunk flexion opposite to tilt, with limb extension

How does a child typically respond to head righting stimuli?

Moves the head in the opposite direction to maintain alignment

STNR emerges and integrates at which of the following times?

Emerges at 4 months; integrates at 10 months

Which action characterizes the neck on body righting reflex?

Head turns, body follows in log roll or segmentally

Retained TLR can interfere with which of the following daily functions?

Rolling and transitioning to sit

Which of the following accurately matches a righting or equilibrium reaction with its typical emergence?

Protective response to the front: 6–7 months

What is the typical Landau response?

Extension of neck, back, arms, and legs in prone suspension

How does the retained Rooting Reflex interfere with daily function?

It interferes with exploration of objects and head control.

Which is a motor milestone for a 4-year-old?

Holds crayon between fingers and thumb (not fist)

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Developmental Milestones and Pediatric Reflexes

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Answers

1
Which of the following accurately reflects the emergence and integration of the rooting reflex?
Emerges at 25 weeks gestation, integrates by 4–6 months
Emerges at birth, integrates by 6 months
Emerges at 30 weeks gestation, integrates by 9–12 months
Emerges at 28 weeks gestation, integrates by 3–7 months
2
What is the expected response when a child is gently pushed off balance while sitting?
Child rolls to the side to realign body
Arm extends and contacts surface to prevent falling
Legs cross over midline
Child tilts head opposite to the push
3
Which of the following is a typical cognitive milestone at 30 months?
Copies a circle
Uses words about time like “yesterday”
Draws a person with three or more body parts
Pretends to feed a block to a doll
4
A child has difficulty with pencil grasp and releasing objects. Which retained reflex is most likely contributing?
Moro
Plantar grasp
Rooting
Palmar grasp
5
A 2-year-old typically:
Rhymes words like “bat-cat”
Says 100+ words
Uses more gestures like blowing kisses
Tells a story with two events
6
When does the palmar grasp reflex emerge and integrate?
Emerges at 25 weeks gestation; integrates at 12 months
Emerges at 28 weeks gestation; integrates at 3–7 months
Emerges at birth; integrates at 6 months
Emerges at 30 weeks gestation; integrates at 2–4 months
7
Which cognitive milestone is expected at 4 months?
Looks at own hands with interest
Uses toys to pretend
Counts to 10
Avoids hot objects when warned
8
What happens when the neck is extended in STNR?
Arms and legs flex
Arms flex, legs extend
Both arms and legs extend
Arms extend, legs flex
9
What is the typical timeframe for the emergence and integration of the sucking/swallowing reflex?
Emerges at 28 weeks gestation; integrates at 3–7 months
Emerges at 40 weeks gestation; integrates at 7–12 months
Emerges at 5 months; integrates at 12–24 months
Emerges at 30 weeks gestation; integrates at 2–4 months
10
When does ATNR typically emerge and integrate?
Emerges at 4 months; integrates at 10 months
Emerges at 1 month; integrates at 4–6 months
Emerges at birth; integrates at 6 months
Emerges at 28 weeks gestation; integrates at 3–7 months
11
What is a typical language milestone for a 3-year-old?
Says sentences with four or more words
Answers questions about a book
Talks in conversation with at least two back-and-forth exchanges
Uses rhyming words
12
Which righting reaction emerges first?
Protective extension to the side
Equilibrium in quadruped
Standing equilibrium
Head righting
13
Which physical milestone is typical at 4 months?
Runs
Buttons clothes
Climbs stairs
Holds a toy if placed in hand
14
What movement skill is typical at 15 months?
Buttons clothing
Uses a fork
Takes a few steps alone
Hops on one foot
15
What is the positive Moro reflex response?
Arms and legs flex and remain flexed
Arms abduct, extend, then flex and adduct
Trunk rotation and limb abduction
Only the arms extend rapidly
16
Which behavior is typical of a 3-year-old?
Pretends to be a superhero
Changes behavior based on setting
Avoids danger like high places
Notices other children and joins them to play
17
At 6 months, a child typically:
Writes letters of their name
Puts objects in their mouth to explore
Solves simple math problems
Names several colors
18
A 4-month-old typically:
Uses 4-word sentences
Follows multi-step directions
Turns head toward sound of your voice
Points to body parts
19
What communication milestone is expected at 18 months?
Follows 1-step directions without gestures
Uses rhyming words
Says full sentences
Answers “what” questions
20
Which of the following interferes with the development of coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing?
TLR
Moro reflex
Sucking/Swallowing reflex
ATNR
21
Which is a typical social milestone at 30 months?
Comforts others who are sad
Asks “why” questions
Follows simple routines when told, like helping pick up toys
Follows rules during group games
22
Which reflex, if retained, may limit prone extension and delay sitting or standing?
Landau
TLR
STNR
ATNR
23
How does the retained Sucking/Swallowing Reflex interfere with daily function?
It impacts the coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing.
It impairs trunk stability in sitting.
It interferes with visual tracking and spatial awareness.
It delays the emergence of protective extension reactions.
24
Which of the following is a typical social/emotional milestone for a 2-month-old?
Calms down when spoken to or picked up
Plays pretend games
Shows fear around strangers
Copies other children while playing
25
Which of the following is a social milestone for a 4-year-old?
Says “bye-bye”
Asks to go play with other children
Tries to use switches or knobs
Plays pat-a-cake
26
What are the emergence and integration ages of the Landau reflex?
Emerges at 1 month; integrates at 9–12 months
Emerges at 3 months; integrates at 10 months
Emerges at birth; integrates at 6 months
Emerges at 5 months; integrates at 12–24 months
27
Which cognitive skill is typical at age 3?
Uses time-related words like “morning”
Counts to 10
Names letters
Draws a circle when shown how
28
Which movement is expected from a 2-month-old?
Walks while holding furniture
Holds head up when on tummy
Pushes up on hands
Rolls from tummy to back
29
At 5 years, a child typically:
Says 50 words
Tells a story with at least two events
Uses only gestures to communicate
Asks “where” questions
30
A typical language milestone at age 4 includes:
Follows one-step directions
Uses or recognizes simple rhymes
Names a few letters
Talks about at least one thing that happened during the day
31
At what age does the backward protective response typically emerge?
7-10 months
6-7 months
9-10 months
4-6 months
32
What is a typical 15-month-old social behavior?
Avoids touching hot objects
Joins in group games with rules
Asks to play with others
Shows affection like hugs or kisses
33
What are the emergence and integration ages for the plantar grasp reflex?
Emerges at 28 weeks gestation; integrates at 3–7 months
Emerges at 1 month; integrates at 4–6 months
Emerges at 25 weeks gestation; integrates at 9–12 months
Emerges at 30 weeks gestation; integrates at 2–4 months
34
What is a typical equilibrium response when the child is tilted?
Lateral trunk flexion opposite to tilt, with limb extension
Rolling in the direction of tilt
Symmetrical extension of arms and legs
Total body flexion
35
A retained STNR would most likely impact which functional skill?
Tracking visually
Feeding
Crawling reciprocally
Rolling to the side
36
A child with poor head control and hypersensitivity to movement may have a retained:
TLR
Righting Reaction
Palmar Grasp
Moro Reflex
37
How does a child typically respond to head righting stimuli?
Rolls segmentally
Moves the head in the opposite direction to maintain alignment
Flexes trunk bilaterally
Extends arms for protection
38
What posture is observed in a supine position with a persistent TLR?
Lateral trunk flexion
Flexed posture
Rotated trunk
Extended posture
39
STNR emerges and integrates at which of the following times?
Emerges at 30 weeks gestation; integrates at 4 months
Emerges at birth; integrates at 9 months
Emerges at 1 month; integrates at 6 months
Emerges at 4 months; integrates at 10 months
40
Which action characterizes the neck on body righting reflex?
Entire body extends when suspended
Head tilts opposite of body tilt
Head turns, body follows in log roll or segmentally
Arms extend downward to catch fall
41
Which reflex, if retained, interferes with standing balance and running due to toe clawing?
Plantar grasp
ATNR
TLR
STNR
42
Retained TLR can interfere with which of the following daily functions?
Rolling and transitioning to sit
Sucking and swallowing
Developing depth perception
Grasping a crayon
43
Which is a typical cognitive skill for a 5-year-old?
Stacks two blocks
Counts to 10
Names body parts
Pushes a toy car
44
Which of the following accurately matches a righting or equilibrium reaction with its typical emergence?
Body on body: 1–2 months
Neck on body: 7–8 months
Protective response to the front: 6–7 months
Sitting equilibrium: 3–4 months
45
What is the typical Landau response?
Flexion of the whole body in prone
Extension of neck, back, arms, and legs in prone suspension
Arm abduction followed by adduction
Segmental rolling
46
At 1 year, a child typically:
Pulls up to stand
Hops on one foot
Skips
Catches a ball
47
What communication skill is expected at 1 year?
Writes some letters
Understands “no”
Answers “why” questions
Uses 4+ word sentences
48
Which physical skill is typical at 5 years?
Walks up stairs with help
Hops on one foot
Rolls from tummy to back
Pushes up on forearms when on tummy
49
How does the retained Rooting Reflex interfere with daily function?
It limits the development of crawling and standing posture.
It interferes with exploration of objects and head control.
It causes difficulty with sucking, swallowing, and breathing coordination.
It leads to poor trunk rotation and impaired equilibrium reactions.
50
Which of the following is typical at 6 months?
Asks “why” questions
Says full name
Blows raspberries
Says “more milk”
51
Which is a motor milestone for a 4-year-old?
Uses a spoon to eat
Scribbles randomly
Holds crayon between fingers and thumb (not fist)
Turns book pages one at a time
52
What is a typical physical milestone at 2 years?
Draws a person
Kicks a ball
Uses a fork
Buttons a shirt
53
When does the TLR emerge and integrate?
Emerges at 30 weeks gestation; integrates at 2–4 months
Emerges at 25 weeks gestation; integrates at 9–12 months
Emerges at 1 month; integrates at 4–6 months
Emerges at 40 weeks gestation; integrates at 7–12 months
54
What physical skill is common at 18 months?
Jumps rope
Scribbles
Uses scissors
Catches a ball
55
What is the typical response when the rooting reflex is stimulated?
Legs kick outward repeatedly
Neck extends and arms flex
Mouth opens and head turns toward the stimulus
Fingers flex tightly
56
Which of the following reflexes, if retained, may interfere with midline crossing and bilateral hand use?
TLR
ATNR
Moro
STNR
57
Which of the following is a typical social milestone at age 2?
Answers “why” questions
Pretends to be a teacher
Sings songs from memory
Looks at your face to see how to react in a new situation
58
Which cognitive milestone is typical for a 2-month-old?
Plays with more than one toy at a time
Stacks blocks
Copies household chores
Looks at a toy for several seconds
59
Which activity is a typical social/emotional milestone for a 1-year-old?
Uses simple rhymes
Says “I” and “me”
Plays pat-a-cake
Pretend play with dolls
60
A typical social milestone for a 5-year-old is:
Pretends to feed a block to a doll
Plays next to but not with peers
Smiles to get attention
Follows rules or takes turns in games
61
Which of the following is a typical physical milestone at 9 months?
Jumps off the ground
Buttons a shirt
Uses fingers to rake food
Walks without support
62
Which of the following is a typical cognitive skill at 12 months?
Draws a circle
Looks for hidden objects
Pretends to feed a doll
Names body parts
63
At 9 months, a child typically:
Makes repetitive sounds like “mamama” or “bababa”
Says complete sentences
Follows 2-step instructions
Uses simple rhymes
64
Which social behavior is typical at 4 months?
Follows two-step instructions
Points to show you something
Smiles to get attention
Laughs at peek-a-boo
65
Which is a typical social behavior for an 18-month-old?
Plays with peers in cooperative games
Tells detailed stories
Writes letters of name
Pushes arm through sleeve to help dress
66
What language skill is expected at 30 months?
Says about 50 words
Names some letters
Tells a story with two events
Says full name when asked
67
What is a cognitive milestone for 18 months?
Follows two-step instructions
Copies you doing chores, like sweeping
Counts to 10
Draws a person
68
Which movement milestone is expected at 30 months?
Catches a large ball most of the time
Hops on one foot
Uses scissors
Turns book pages one at a time
69
What cognitive milestone is expected at 4 years?
Tells what comes next in a well-known story
Writes full name
Copies a circle
Counts to 20
70
Which of the following is typical social behavior for a 9-month-old?
Is shy or clingy around strangers
Pretends to be a superhero
Comforts others who are sad
Takes turns in conversation
71
What is a typical language milestone for a 2-month-old?
Says “mama” and “dada”
Coos and makes sounds other than crying
Points to objects in books
Sings songs
72
How is the body on body righting reflex triggered?
Turning the head in supine
Tilting the trunk while standing
Rotating the hips in supine
Applying pressure to the feet
73
When does the Moro reflex typically emerge and integrate?
Emerges at 28 weeks gestation; integrates at 4–6 months
Emerges at 40 weeks gestation; integrates at 7–12 months
Emerges at 30 weeks gestation; integrates at 9–12 months
Emerges at 1 month; integrates at 10 months
74
What cognitive milestone is expected at 9 months?
Looks for dropped objects
Names things in a book
Writes some letters
Counts to 10
75
A positive plantar grasp reflex response is:
Toe extension
Ankle dorsiflexion
Toe spreading
Toe flexion
76
A 15-month-old typically:
Uses full conversation with multiple exchanges
Says 50+ words
Uses action words in sentences
Tries to say a few words besides “mama” or “dada”
77
The palmer grasp reflex is triggered by:
Pressure on the ulnar side of the palm
Light touch to the side of the face
Holding the child in prone suspension
Turning the head in supine
78
What is a typical motor milestone for a 3-year-old?
Hops on one foot
Buttons a shirt
Puts on some clothes like loose pants or a jacket
Uses a spoon
79
Which of the following is expected at 2 years?
Writes letters of name
Uses switches or buttons on toys
Draws shapes
Reads simple books
80
What is a typical social milestone at 6 months?
Does chores at home
Plays pat-a-cake
Pretends to be a dog
Knows familiar people
81
Which cognitive milestone is expected at 15 months?
Names some letters
Tells a story with two events
Answers questions about a book
Uses things the right way, like a cup
82
Which response is associated with the ATNR?
All limbs flex when head is turned
Arms and legs extend on the face side, flex on skull side
Back arches with head extension
Only the arms extend regardless of head position
83
A typical 6-month movement skill is:
Walks without help
Pushes up with straight arms when on tummy
Strings beads
Hops on one foot

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