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BJU Earth Science - Ocean Motions - Ch. 14 Flashcards | StudBud
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BJU Earth Science - Ocean Motions - Ch. 14
BJU Earth Science - Ocean Motions - Ch. 14
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1
When a location on the coast is experiencing high tide, it is at the deepest point of the ___ as it passes that location
upwelling
downwelling
tidal bulge
Ekman spiral
2
Water that is forced down by downwelling typically has ___ than surrounding waters.
more oxygen but less nutrients
more nutrients and more oxygen
less nutrients and less oxygen
more nutrients but less oxygen
3
Why are groins sometimes constructed along coastlines?
Groins disrupt longshore currents, reducing beach erosion.
Groins disrupt deep ocean currents, reducing shore deposition.
4
Which of the following is most directly related to wave speed?
wave amplitude
wave height
wave angle
wave period
5
Waves generally move water great distances.
False
True
6
Ocean currents can affect the climate of large areas of the world.
False
True
7
Ocean navigation is most affected by which of the following?
currents
tides
waves
gyres
8
Surface currents generally run in the same direction as global winds.
False
True
9
The horizontal distance from the crest of one wave to the crest of the next wave is called the wave's ___.
wavelength
amplitude
trough
crest
10
Solar tides by themselves are much smaller than lunar tides.
True
False
11
The Bay of Fundy's unusual tides are mainly the result of the bay's ___.
shape/topography
fish
high cliffs
boats
12
How many tides do most coasts experience in a typical 24 hr period?
one low and two highs
two lows and two highs
one low and two highs
two lows and one high
13
Match the letter with the appropriate description. A is ___.
a bulge caused by the intertia of the ocean water
a bulge caused by the moon's gravity
a point experiencing low tide
the center of revolution for the earth-moon system
14
Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect the height of a wave?
water depth
wind speed
water termperature
fetch
15
Explain spring tides.
Spring tides are unusually high high tides and unusually low low tides.
They occur when the sun, moon, and earth are in line with each other.
They happen twice a day, every day.
The gravitation effects of the sun and moon combine to cause unusual tides.
16
The Coriolis Effect affects only currents moving north or south but not those moving east or west.
False
True
17
What usually has the greatest influence in causing tides?
the moon
the sun
the weather
the earth's core
18
Which of the following are produced primarily by gravity?
waves
gyres
currents
tides
19
One way that coastal engineers can reduce wave erosion is to build ___.
bay barriers
tombolos
longshore bars
groins
20
The most direct method to measure sea level in a coastal harbor is by using a(n) ___.
tide gauge
ruler
thermometer
seismometer
21
Ocean currents driven by global winds are ___ currents.
medial
deep ocean
subsurface
surface
22
Beaches with coarser sand can have a steeper angle.
False
True
23
Match the letter with the appropriate description. C is ___.
a bulge caused by the moon's gravity
a point experiencing high tide
the center of revolution for the earth-moon system
a point experiencing low tide
24
The base of a wave is the deepest point below the surface affected by the wave's passage.
False
True
25
Match the letter with the appropriate description. B is ___.
the center of revolution for the earth-moon system
a point experiencing high tide
a point experiencing low tide
a bulge caused by the moon's gravity
26
Because they are inexpensive and have little environmental or economic impact, most tidal power plant projects are large
True
False
27
Subsurface currents that flow due to differences in salinity or temperature are types of ___ currents.
wind
boundary
minestrone
density
28
Tides can be observed in the open ocean.
True
False
29
An ocean gyre flowing counterclockwise would be located in the ___ Hemisphere.
Northern
Southern
Western
Eastern
30
Match the letter with the appropriate description. F is ___.
a bulge caused by the moon's gravity
the center of revolution for the earth-moon system
a point experiencing low tide
a point experiencing high tide
31
I need to write a good essay on one of these questions (read first, then select all):
Describe density currents and the major factors that cause them.
Compare tides, currents & waves. How do they form & affect people's lives?
Describe how wind forms ocean waves in deep water and how they change.
What are advantages and disadvantages of harnessing ocean tides for power?
32
The Ekman spiral describes how a surface current changes direction and speed with latitude.
True
False
33
Match the letter with the appropriate description. D is ___.
a point experiencing low tide
a point experiencing high tide
a bulge caused by the moon's gravity
the center of revolution for the earth-moon system
34
Which of the following is the best explanation for tides?
The earth moves under the tidal bulge to form high and low tides.
Upwelling and downwelling create high and low tides.
Winds push water to one side of the ocean basin.
The tidal bulge moves around the earth, causing high and low tides.
35
Which of the following currents are unrelated to thermahaline currents?
countercurrents
subsurface currents
all of these
density currents
36
When a wave approaches shore, its speed ___, its wave height ___, and its wavelength ___.
increases, decreases, increases
decreases, increases, decreases
decreases, decreases, increases
increases, increases, decreases
37
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of tidal power generation?
Tides are driven by gravity, so tidal power generation is inexhaustible.
Tides occur regularly due to astronomical influences, so it's reliable.
Tidal generation facilities do not produce waste - so they're nonpolluting.
Tidal dams must be designed to allow boats and ships to pass.
38
The distance that wind blows over the water's surface in one direction is the ___ of a surface wave.
amplitude
fetch
period
speed
39
Why is upwelling often associated with very productive fisheries?
Upwelling pulls oxygen from the surface to the depths of the ocean.
Upwelling pulls nutrients up that support phytoplankton.
40
Coastal stacks are often the last remnants of ___.
bay barriers
spits
sea arches
beaches
41
A mass of rock that has been cut off from the mainland by erosion is called a(n) ___.
sandbar
arch
cave
stack
42
Which of the following would have the LEAST effect on subsurface currents?
density differences
downwelling
the Ekman spiral
prevailing winds
43
The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is the result of man's carelessness and a strong oceanic ___.
potato
heat wave
gyre
stream
44
The vertical distance between a wave's crest and trough is its ___.
height
wavelength
wave base
amplitude
45
Which of the following combines the Coriolis effect, current speed, and water depth to change a current's direction?
coastal downwelling
density currents
the Ekman spiral
oscillation
46
Improving fisherman's catches, reducing pollution, and harnessing tidal energy are all ways of ___ over the oceans.
being a control freak
exercising wise dominion