Exam I Review--MARB 215

Science is a set of proveable facts

The theory of common descent says that all organisms descended from the same common ancestor

Consumers who depend on other sources for their food are

The fossil record is biased because soft-bodies are not preserved.

geographic barriers cause reproductive barriers

Select all the characteristics of protocells

A microbiome is found primarily in the gut.

the science of naming, describing, and classifying animals

Water is dipolar

Cyanobacteria evolved...

ancestral lineage and all descendents

Which scientist used grasshoppers to study chromosomal theory?

A character derived from common ancestry

Select all of Darwin's Five Theories

Vicariance is a fragmentation of habitat causes speciation

Life first appeared in the water

Derived characteristic unique to a clade and not found in the ancestor

intermediate between allopatric and sympatric; maintain some contact along border

Specifies that populations of a species have genetic or demographic cohesion; applies sexually or asexually

The two paradigms guiding zoology are...

does not include most recent common ancestor of all members in group

When did the first eukaryotes appear?

Select all the ways that evolution occurs

rapid diversification from an ancestral species within a “short” interval (a few million years)

Metabolism consists of what two processes?

Punctuated Equilibrium: evolutionary change occurs in brief events of branching followed by long intervals of stasis

speciation event; represents common ancestor

the scientific study of the evolutionary history of a taxonomic group

ancestor for every taxon on cladogram

The first animals occurred...

All living organisms have specific developmental phases

Select all the types of life

A character derived from common ancestry

A character state in a most recent common ancestor is

difference of physical location of a structure or developmental process in an organism’s body plan

small subset of members starts new population elsewhere

variation among individuals in a population is the basis for evolution

When did the Cambrain Explosion occur?

change over large scales of geological time

history of a taxon; ancestral lineage

What does NOT make an animal?

The four types of macromolecules are...

speciation without geographic barriers

Choose all that are true about saturated fatty acids

An energy-requiring chemical reaction that builds complex molecules from simpler ones is...

Interaction with the environment and movement are NOT diagnostic criteria for life

LUCA stands for Last Universal Common Ancestor

A grouping of organisms distinct from other groupings and in which there is a parental pattern of ancestry and descent

Phylogeny is when all descendants branch from a common ancestor

includes most recent common ancestor and all descendents; a clade

Endosymbiotic Theory was discovered by...

Darwin took his ideas from Thomas Malthus’ essay on populations

difference in timing/duration of a developmental phase compared to ancestors (fish/frog)

According to the Theory of Perpetual Change, the average animal species survives _______ years.

the taxa being studied

There are 32 recognized phyla in the animal kingdom and each is monophyletic

The microbiome harbors...

What is Zoology?

Water resists fast temperature changes because of its high thermal capacity.

Transformational evolution believed changed traits would be passed to offspring.

The first animal on earth appeared in the ocean 4 BYA

Cyanobacteria were the first photosynthesizers to oxygenate the earth.

the science of biological diversity and its evolutionary history

Amphiphilic means a polar tail and a non-polar head

Which of the following is NOT true about water.

what are the two ideas behind the Principle of Uniformitarianism?

Who came up with the Principle of Uniformitarianism?

taxa closely related to ingroup but not included – used for comparison

Who designed out current classification system?

Neuclaic acids are the only macromolecules that can replicate themselves

Who first classified organisms based on structural similarities

genetic variation and change within a population or species

What year did Darwin publish his famous book “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection”

The Chromosomal Theory says that chromosomes passed to new generations contain genes that are similar to parents

the organisms whose phylogeny is shown on tree

What makes life?

All living organisms contain a microbiome

Extant means no-longer living.

A single specimen that formally bears name of species

new traits established in a population through generations, from a few individuals to majority of population

The most abundant organic substance in nature is...

Believed species were distinct, unchanging entities divinely created

Change occurs in very small steps

DNA barcoding is a technique used for identifying species using standard gene sequences present in all animals.

Who hypothesized that many animals share similar early developmental stages, more so than later stages

The first life occurred...

Classification focuses on traits, whereas systematization focuses on using traits to confirm a hypothesis

individuals specialized to use different parts of ecosystem

Applies to both sexual and asexual species,Adds the evolutionary time dimension, and Addresses hybrids

Micelles unique structure allowed organic building blocks to be enclosed and allow condensation reactions

includes most recent common ancestor but not all descendents

Who came up with the Transformational Concept of Evolution?

What has chains that are linked in 2 degree, 3 degree, and 4 degree structures?

The theory of perpetual changes says that the world is perpetually cycling