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APWH Unit II + III Review
APWH Unit II + III Review
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Unit II AP World History Review
Flashcards
118 cards
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Questions
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Answers
1
In both Europe and Japan, the major reason for the development of feudalism was to
increase trade and manufacturing
provide order during a period of weak central governments
eliminate the need for a legal system
consolidate the political power of the region
2
The Commercial Revolution in W Europe led directly to the
expansion of world trade
establishment of the guild system
weakening of the power of the middle class
development of a socialist economy
3
The Sumerians, Phoenicians, and Mayans were similar in that each
emphasized social equality
had decentralized political structures
established monotheistic religions
developed writing systems
4
The ethnocentric attitudes of the various Chinese can best be attributed to the
great culutral diversity within China's borders
failure of other nations to become interested in China
interest of Chinese scholars in other civilizations
cultural isolation of China
5
According to the map, by 750 A.D. islam had spread from
the Indus River to Spain
Mecca to Asia Minor
Cairo to Tours
Senegal to India
6
In the 16th and 17th c. in Latin America, European mercantilism lead to
opposition to the Catholic Church
growth of democratic forms of gov't
exploitation of people and resources
rejection of Spanish culture
7
Which factor contributed to the decline in power of European nobles in the late Middle Ages?
rise of nation-states
decreasing importance of towns and cities
increase in influence of serfs
collapse of international trade
8
The economic policy of mercantilism first developed during the
Enlightenment
Middle Ages
Age of Exploration
Scientific Revolution
9
A study of early African and Asian civilizations shows that
religion had little developmental influence
men and women had equal employment opportunities
societies usually developed along river valleys
large cities were not established until Europeans came
10
The spread of Islam into the kingdoms of Ghana and Mali resulted from
imperialism
ethnocentrism
self-determination
cultural diffusion
11
The travels of Marco Polo resulted in the
use of Confucian teaching in Europe
decline of Mongol rule in China
expansion of trade btwn China and Europe
introduction of gunpowder to China
12
The caste system and the feudal system were similar in that both
established absolutist governments
provided structure for society
developed concepts for natural rights
promoted peace and prosperity
13
Humanism was
appreciation for the worth of the individual
embracing the separation of church and state
a rejection of ancient civilizations
belief in the supremacy of the collective
14
In Japan, the samurai code of Bushido helped bring about
a culture that accepted militarism
equality among Japanese citizens
peaceful relations with other nations
an increased interest in science and technology
15
W Europe is indebted to this empire that ensured survival of Christianity when it was too weak
Mongol
Hellenistic
Byzantine
Ottoman
16
Which groups were most closely associated with the spread of the Black Death?
bankers and explorers
soldiers and diplomats
merchants and pilgrims
missionaries and slave traders
17
A study of the Byzantine civilization would show that this civilization
based its economy on subsistence farming and slash-and-burn
preserved Greek and Roman learning for W and E Europe
collapsed as a result of the Germanic invasion of Middle Age
reduced the influence of the Eastern Orthodox Church
18
Rome during the Pax Romana and the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages are examples of
feudal governments
centralized powers
Communist regimes
constitutional monarchies
19
Which statement best describes the role of the Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages?
Church leaders were involved only in spiritual activities
The Church encouraged individuals to question authority
The Church gained influence as people became more secular
The Church provided a sense of stability, unity, and order
20
The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by
increasing power of feudal lords
forcing Turks to flee form Constantinople
stimulating European demand for goods from the East
forcing religious conversion of Muslims
21
One similarity between the Gupta dynasty and the Tang dynasty is that each dynasty
gained overseas colonies
made advances in the arts, sciences, and mathematics
promoted equality for women
developed a representative government
22
"From S Spain, across N Africa, occupying Arabian peninsula to SE Asia" once described the
Aztec Empire
Muslim world
Pax Romana
Gupta Empire
23
From the 9th to 14th centuries, Muslim rule of conquered territories was characterized by
the toleration of members of other cultures
a decrease in trade and commerce
the rejection of Greek and Roman scientific works
the creation of democratic governments
24
The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with
materialism
religious themes
human scientific achievements
classic Greek and Roman subjects
25
One major result of the Crusades was the
permanent occupation of the Holy Land by Europeans
long-term decrease in European trade
conversion of most Muslims to Christianity
spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe
26
A characteristic of both European and Japanese federalism was
an open democratic society
an adoption of Christianity
a decentralized government
the many opportunities for social mobility
27
One aspect common to both Shinto and Taoism is a
ban on the consumption of pork
belief in one God
belief in the reincarnation of souls
deep reverence and respect for nature
28
In Europe a long-term effect of the Crusades was
the strengthening of the feudal system
an increased demand of goods from the East
an adoption of Islam
increased European isolation
29
The map shows that the Mongol Empire stretched across
Africa and Southeast Asia
South America and Asia
North America and Europe
Europe and Asia
30
Which political system is associated with Europe from 900-1200 and Japan from 1600-1868
socialism
feudalism
manorialism
communism
31
The Byzantine Empire
adapted the Roman principles of justice
used a senate as the chief governing body
led Crusades to capture Rome from the Huns
Helped maintain Roman rule over W Europe
32
Buildings such as the Gothic cathedrals in W Europe and the Parthenon in ancient Greece reflect
rigid social structure
cultural values
imperialist attitudes
belief in democracy
33
Under colonialism, colonial powers considered their colonies to be
possessions to be exploited
possessions to the detriment of the imperial power
independent trade partners
independent nations with special privileges
34
The Byzantine Empire made its most important contribution to later civilization by
encouraging the spread of Buddhism
preserving much of the Greco-Roman heritage
establishing trade routes to the Americas
recognizing the pope as the head of the Byzantine Church
35
Block printing, gunpowder, the abacus, porcelain making, and compass are associated with the
Byzantine Empire
Ghana and Mali civilizations
Gupta Empire
Tang and Song dynasties
36
In the Renaissance period, which factor was emphasized by the philosophy of humanism?
value of the individual
devotion to religion
obedience to gov't officials
superiority of medieval thought
37
Which idea was shared by the ancient Maya, Aztec, and Inca civilizations?
practicing rituals to please the gods
equality among the social classes
direct democracy
mercantilism
38
The Roman Catholic Church during the Middle Ages can best be described as a church that
was a stabilizing force during time of weak central powers
favored separation from secular government
avoided involvement in social and educational matters
was a strong force that divided many people
39
One reason for the success of the cities in the Hanseatic League and Italy was that both were
isolated from the rest of Europe
close to a network of navigable rivers
protected by mountains
accessible by water
40
What are two indirect results of the Crusades?
Trade declined and feudal system was weakened
Trade and commerce declined
Trade increased and the feudal system was weakened
The Feudal system strengthened
41
The W African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai flourished btwn 700 and 1600 mainly b/c they
received support from European colonial governments
became religious centers considered sacred to Africans
developed self-sufficient economies
controlled the trade routes across the Sahara
42
A study of Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas would show that these ancient American civilizations
lived at peace with their neighbors
rivaled the accomplishments of Middle Eastern cultures
welcomed the new technology brought by Euro explorers
produced few cultural achievements
43
According to this map, which modern-day nations were ruled by the Mongols?
Russia and Iraq
Iran and Thailand
Saudi Arabia and Georgia
Japan and Tibet
44
As the Middle Ages ended, the rise of a middle class in W Euro can be attributed to the
strength of Christianity in medieval Euro
economic policies of the Roman Empire
self-sufficiency of the manor system
increase in trade that resulted from the Crusades
45
What generalization about Latin American geography is correct?
Harsh climates prevented the development of agriculture
Lack of barriers facilitated extensive communication
Geographic features prevented foreign imperialism
Variation in land forms resulted in diverse climates
46
Europeans had little impact on China's culture mainly b/c
the Europeans forbid their missionaries from going to China
the Chinese viewed their culture as superior
Japanese culutre had become dominant in China
Confucianism prohibited the Chinese from foreign interaction
47
Which phrase best describes Mali under the rule of Mansa Musa?
a period of political chaos
a golden age
a poverty-stricken era
a time of colonial unrest
48
Which situation is considered a cause of the other three?
European renewal in learning
increase in European demands for Eastern goods
European involvement in the Crusades
development of a European middle class
49
Which statement can best be supported by the existence of Songhai, Mali, Kush, and Nubia?
Natural geographic barriers prevented trade
The societies were involved in violent civil wars
They were entirely self-sufficient and discouraged trade
Africans established thriving civilization before Euro came
50
Which idea about leadership would Machiavelli most likely support?
Leaders should be elected fairly and democratically
leaders should do whatever is necessary to achieve goals
Leaders should listen to the desire of the people
It is better to be loved, than feared
51
One principle in the theory of mercantilism is that colonies should be
acquired as markets and sources of raw materials
granted independence as soon as possible
encouraged to develop their own industries
considered an economic burden for the colonial power
52
The European feudal system represents a society based on
social class
political ability
accumulated wealth
educational achievement
53
Btwn 800 and 1600, the W African city of Timbuktu became prosperous with the trading of
rifles and diamonds
gold and salt
spices and silk
iron ore and coal
54
What is the best conclusion based on the information provided by the map?
Islam was slow to expand from its original start in Persia
Islam's influence is rapidly decreasing in the modern world
Islam spread to religions that had culture similar to Arabia
islam has become the dominant religion in many cultures
55
Constantinople became the center of the Byzantine Empire because
it was a religious center for Muslims
it was geographically isolated from surrounding empires
its location made it the crossroads of Europe and Asia
the pope had made it the capital of the Christian world
56
The Crusades, the travels of Marco Polo, and the fall of the Byzantine Empire contributed to
decline in African slave trade
growth of feudalism in Europe
end of absolute monarchy in Russia
Age of Exploration in Europe
57
In Europe during the Middle Ages, increases in trade and commerce resulted in
lower living standards for industrial workers
increased political power for the clergy
development of towns and cities
decreased economic rivalry btwn kings
58
"... and in the actions of men... the end justifies the means." Who wrote this?
Voltaire
Montesquei
Machiavelli
Locke
59
The European feudal system was
supported by the labor of peasants
designed to promote political and economic equality
controlled by a powerful middle class
intended to provide opportunities for social mobility
60
Which statement best described society under medieval Christianity and traditional Islam?
Religion permitted the freedom to choose how people worship
Religion was a way of life that governed people
Both religions influences society by expressing equality
Religion played a major role only in the lives of clergy
61
What do these: Calcutta, Nanjing, Venice, Mogadishu have in common from 1200-1650?
centers of world trade
cities of origin for major religions
sites of early civilization
Latin American societies
62
The Silk Road was important to China because it provided
a military route for the defense of the norther border
a means of administering the civil service exams
a means for the empire to expand its borders
contact with other cultures through trade
63
During the Commercial Revolution, the joint stock company was developed to meet the needs of
mercantilism
entrepreneurship
feudalism
manorialism
64
In what way was the Renaissance similar to the Tang dynasty?
Advances in art, technology, and learning occurred
Religious reform was a major concern
The peasant class was instrumental in both
Warfare and insurrection characterized both
65
Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades?
Europeans maintained a lasting control over the Middle East
islamic influence dominated Europe
Trade between Europe and the Middle East expanded
Europeans developed a tolerance of non-Christian religions
66
What was typical of Greece during the Golden age and Italy during the Renaissance?
social mobility
a questioning spirit
racial diversity
universal suffrage/democracy
67
The development of trade along the Mediterranean Sea led to the
beginnings of the Crusades to the Middle East
first religious wars in Europe
decline of Greek city-states
start of the Renaissance in Italy
68
Which cultural element spread from the Byzantine Empire to early Russia?
silk cloth
Orthodox Christianity
democratic ideas
Latin language
69
The introduction of banking, letters of credit, joint stock companies, and guilds gave way to
Commercial Revolution
Enlightenment
Scientific Revolution
Renaissance
70
Why did Native American populations drastically decrease from 1492 to 1600?
diseases introduced by the Spanish
emigration of Native Americans to Euro and Africa
wars btwn various native groups
crop failures brought on by poor weather
71
Which economic system is shown in this diagram?
manorialism
laissez-faire capitalism
socialism
mercantalism
72
Which statement best reflects the effect of colonialism in Latin America?
Land was distributed equally btwn the social classes
The wealth of the colonial power increased at their expense
industries in the colonies manufactured goods
Markets in the colonies were closed to manufactured goods
73
The Tang, the Gupta, and the Mali were similar in that each experienced a period of
war and constant invasion
feudalism and oppression
prosperity and artistic creativty
mercantilism and industrial expansion
74
Which describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on W Europe?
Feudalism strengthened
Art to reflect increasingly religious themes
Nationalistic movements began to decline
The Catholic Church was weakened
75
Which empire had the greatest influence on the history and cultural development of Russia?
Ottoman
Holy Roman
Byzantine
Assyrian
76
Machiavelli and Hobbes both advocated that a ruler should
divide power evenly
employ absolute power
obtain consent of the governed
obtain power from a social contract
77
Which statement about the social structure in Europe during the Middle Ages is most accurate?
sharp class distinctions divided European society
industrialization led to the growth of socialism in Europe
the practices of the church led to classless society
The nobles encouraged social mobility
78
Which POV best represents the philosophy behind the Renaissance?
Class distinctions in society should be re-examined
The Greek and Roman civilizations are worthy of study
The Catholic Church should be questioned and re-evaluated
Religious doctrines should not be questioned
79
Egypt, Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all similar because they were all located
on major trading routes
in rain forest areas
in mountainous terrain
in coastal areas
80
In Japan btwn 1603 and 1868, the most notable action taken by the Tokugawa Shogunate was the
virtual isolation of the country from the outside world
development of extensive trade
formation of cultural links with Europe
military conquest of China
81
Mercantilism is best illustrated by the
military strategies of the Mali
social kinship of the Ashanti people
the relationship btwn Spain and Latin America
economic structure of China during the Yuan dynasty
82
In medieval Japan and medieval Europe, the feudal system was dominated by
peasant farmers
middle class merchants
radical revolutionaries
warrior aristocrats
83
One way in which the Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and Crusaders were similar is that they all
development of feudalism in Europe
moved through the Middle East as nomadic groups
invaded the Middle East and affected its culture
succeeded in bringing democracy to the Middle East
84
Africa's geography is characterized by
a lack of major river systems
an absence of rain forests
an irregular coastline and excellent harbors
a diverse topography
85
The Middle Ages in W Europe was characterized by
absolute monarchies
decreased emphasis on religion in daily life
extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East
the manor system and land ownership
86
An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the
increase in tension between Muslims and Christians
destruction of Muslim military power
creation of a large Christian state on the Red Sea
restoration of the Byzantine empire
87
What economic principle developed as a result of the trade routes on the map?
capitalism
manorialism
industrialism
mercantilism
88
Which statement best explains why Byzantine influences strongly affected Russia and E Europe
Byzantine empire spread democracy to Russia
Russian minorities converted the Byzantine Empire to Islam
early Russia settlements located btwn Baltic and Black Sea
Rulers in W Europe refused to trade with E Europe
89
Medieval life in Europe was characterized by
rejection of Christian teachings
a thriving system of international trade
a strong central government
limited social mobility
90
The Age of Pericles, the Gupta Empire, and the Tang dynasty experienced a golden age with
advancements in the principles of democratic governments
the furthest expansion of their borders
outstanding contributions in the arts and sciences
the end of foreign domination
91
In the Middle East during the Golden Age of Muslim culture, scholars were encouraged to
preserve and expand ancient Greek and Roman learning
accept medieval W European religious ideas
ignore the achievements of Chinese culture
reject all knowledge that was Western in origin
92
Which economic system existed in Europe during the early Middle Ages?
feudalism
free market
socialism
manorialism
93
Which conclusion can be drawn from the information provided by the map?
The Hanseatic league controlled trade in the Black Sea
Africa was Europe's most active trading partner
A network of trade routes connected centers of Euro trade
Asians and Europeans traded primarily by water routes
94
During the 18 and 19 c., increased contact btwn Euro and Africa, Asia and S America resulted in
closer cultural cooperation btwn Euro and these continents
the exploitation of labor and resources of these continents
preservation of the rights of the indigenous peoples
a return to the political and economic systems of feudalism
95
Feudalism influence Europe and japan by
fostering the growth of religion
encouraging formal education
providing social stability
eliminating warfare
96
In both Mali and the Roman Republic, ____ was an important feature of life
social and political equality
Islam
codified laws
agricultural communes
97
One important effect of the Crusades on W Europe was they
led to a decline int he importance of the church
furthered cultural diffusion throughout W Europe
ended the W European quest for an overseas empire
introduced the Industrial Revolution
98
Which development led to the shortages of labor in 14 c. Europe and 16 and 17 c. N &S America?
fall of Constantinople
introduction of new military
outbreak of deadly diseases
rise of nation states
99
A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades was to
capture the Holy land from Islamic rulers
unite warring Arab peoples
establish Christianity in W Europe
strengthen English dominance of the Arab world
100
Which factor contributed to the success of the vast empire created by the Mongols?
employing superior military skills
avoiding contact with the West
paying monetary tribute to local rulers
converting conquered peoples to Confucianism
101
One factor that enabled the Renaissance to flourish in N Italy was that the region had
an absolutist gov't
a shrinking aristocracy
a wealthy class invested in the arts
extensive contact with the Byzantine Empire
102
Spain's colonial policy of mercantilism affected Latin America by promoting
respect for the rights of the indigenous
free and rapid trade with Asia and Africa
isolationism
the production of raw materials and cash crops
103
In W Europe, which development caused the other three?
breakdown of central government
fall of Rome
rise in the power of the Roman Catholic Church
decline of trade
104
Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
Italian city-states were centers of trade and manufacturing
Roots of the Roman Empire were revived
The Catholic Church was based in Italy
Italy was politically unified
105
During the early Middle Ages, W European societies were most influences by
the Roman Catholic Church
the Byzantine emperors
national monarchies
elected parliaments
106
Notre Dame Cathedral, the Dome of the Rock, and the Great Pyramid are examples of
influence of cultural diffusion on contemporary architecture
ancient architectural monuments no longer in use
the influence of Buddhist architecture on conquered nations
architectural accomplishments that reflect religious beliefs
107
What do the Maya, Aztec, and Inca have in common?
social equality
peaceful territorial expansion
dedication to advancement of science
origin in the Andes Mountains
108
Which style of architecture includes by stained windows, flying buttresses, and pointed arches?
neoclassical
Corinthian
Gothic
Ionic
109
A major feature of the Golden Age of Muslim culture was the
adoption of democratic government
persecution of Jews and Christains
development of the foundation of modern science and math
political and economic isolation of the Arab world
110
The purpose of the Great Wall was to
protect the port city of Guangzhou
control the flood waters of the Hunag he and Chang Jiang
supply food from the south to Khanbalik
protect the Chinese from the nomadic tribes
111
Archaeological evidence found at Tenochtitlan and Machu Picchu suggests that these socities
consisted of hunters and gatherers
were highly developed and organized
followed a democratic system
practice monotheism
112
Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in W Europe was criticized for
allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to people
refusing to sell indulgences to peasants
sponsoring exploration to the Middle East
being too concerned with worldly power and riches
113
Which was a characteristic of feudalism?
Government was provided by a bureaucracy of civil servants
Power rested in the hands of a strong central government
Land was exchanged for military service and obligations
Court systems were developed
114
Which system developed as a result of the Commercial Revolution in Europe?
absolutism
mercantalism
market economy
manorilaism
115
What can be seen form studying the Axum, Kush, Mali, and Songhai?
The African societies flourished at the same time
These had rich history before European contact
The Neolithic Revolution first occurred in Africa
Farming was more extensive in the Nile than anywhere else
116
Which was not a major characteristic of the Renaissance?
secularism
individualism
humanism
mysticism
117
Many achievements of Islamic civilization reached European society by way of
merchant guilds and the Industrial Revolution
Middle Passage and the Columbian Exchange
conquests of the Germanic tribes and trade along Silk Road
Crusades and E Mediterranean trading networks
118
During the 1400s, the cities of Venice, Constantinople, and Canton achieved prominence b/c
democratic gov'ts attracted trade
pleasant climates led to increase in populations
locations were favorable for trade
military power led to industrialization