Which pairs of legislative houses are meant to represent regions in their countries?

Mexico's Senate and Russia's Federation Council

The last significant change in the regime of the U.K. was

Creating a supreme court separate from the legislature

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Conservative Party?

It strongly supports social welfare programs

One difference between parliamentary and presidential forms of government is

Executive in pres. system is independent of legislature

Public access to media in the U.K. is best described as

Accessible to all, including social media

How did revolutions in Russia and China compare?

In both, Marxism defined the end goal

One function of the Expediency Council in Iran is to

Serve as advisers to the Supreme Leader

China's role in global politics has

Grown as its economic power has grown

The primary purpose of the 1929 agreement to impose the sexeňo was to

Bring stability through "passing power through the leaders"

Which is an accurate comparison of the Chinese Communist Party and the PRI in Mexico?

Both have formed one-party systems in their countries

Which of the following best describes the Nigerian population

Ethnically, religiously, and linguistically diverse

Iran and Nigeria differ in which of the following ways?

Iran is a unitary state, Nigeria is a federal state

A major reason the CCP, government executives, & legislatures are parallel systems is that

The structure keeps the CCP intimately involved in governing

Which of the following best describes the legislature & electoral system in Russia?

Bicameral; areas send 2 to upper house, lower both PR & SMD

All of the following statements about the National People's Congress are true except

It is a significant policy-making institution

Why are non-governmental organizations (NGOs) important in developing countries?

They provide vital social services

Which was not a measure imposed by Putin between 2000 & 2015?

Devolving power to republics in the Caucasus

The primary goal of the Cultural Revolution was to

Purify the CCP and nation through ideological transformation

Historically, compared to government bureaucrats in Mexico, government bureaucrats in the UK

Had much more discretionary power

In the U.K., the monarch serves primarily as

A symbol of national unity and political legitimacy

Which of the following is true of the Mexican Constitution?

It declares all subsoil rights are property of the nation

A potential problem associated with using GNP when doing comparative research is

It tells us nothing about economic or human conditions

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the CCP and public policy issues?

CCP has ignored environmental issues to focus on the economy

System where agricultural production decisions are made by individual farmers based on profit

Household responsibility system

To political scientists, a "nation" means

A group of people who share a common identity

All of the following are true about the president of Iran except

Acts as head of the armed forces

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Questions 290

Answers

1
Who led the People's Republic of China from 1949 until 1976?
Deng Xiaoping
Mao Zedong
Chiang Kai-shek
Sun Yat-sen
2
A state where the government provides for people's basic needs, like medical care & pensions
Communism
A market economy
Post-materialist
A welfare state
3
What is the conviction rate in the Chinese criminal justice system?
67%
99%
75%
5%
4
Which pairs of legislative houses are meant to represent regions in their countries?
Britain's House of Commons and the Mexican Senate
Mexico's Senate and Russia's Federation Council
Britain's House of Lords and the Russian Duma
The Mexican Chamber of Deputies and China's Congress
5
Both Mexico and the United Kingdom belong to
NAFTA
The European Union
NATO
The World Trade Organization
6
Which of the following pairs of countries are unitary states?
Britain and Russia
Iran and China
Mexico and Iran
Russia and China
7
The last significant change in the regime of the U.K. was
The separation of the House of Lords as a separate branch
The change to an entirely proportional electoral system
The change from an adversarial to an inquisitorial court
Creating a supreme court separate from the legislature
8
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Conservative Party?
It strongly supports social welfare programs
It is center-right
It favors privatization
It favors reduced government spending
9
In contrast to civil society in Great Britain, civil society in Russia is
Less influenced by state authority
Less characterized by conflict
More oriented toward political participation
Relatively underdeveloped
10
One difference between parliamentary and presidential forms of government is
Parliamentary system assures no period of divided government
Executive in pres. system is independent of legislature
Presidential system has no fixed term of office for exec.
Executive in pres. system subject to no-confidence vote
11
Collective farms, Five-Year plans, and the Gosplan were all established by
Joseph Stalin
Nikita Khrushchev
Mikhail Gorbachev
Vladimir Lenin
12
Public access to media in the U.K. is best described as
Accessible to all, except television, which is state-run
Open with some limitations imposed by the government
Accessible to all, including social media
Access is severely restricted
13
How did revolutions in Russia and China compare?
In both, Marxism defined the end goal
Both resulted in democratization
Russia's was more factionalized than China's
China's was more rapid
14
One function of the Expediency Council in Iran is to
Serve as advisers to the Supreme Leader
Serve as a sort of "upper house" of the legislature
Serve as the highest court for religious issues
Serve as the president's Cabinet
15
China's role in global politics has
Grown as its economic power has grown
Declined as China concentrated on domestic economic growth
Been based on spreading civil liberties and human rights
Grown as its ability to extend its military power has grown
16
The primary purpose of the 1929 agreement to impose the sexeňo was to
Bring stability through "passing power through the leaders"
Provide support for the new constitution
Encourage development of a multi-party system
Keep the leader of the PRI from becoming a dictator
17
Which of the following pairs of countries have federal systems?
China and Russia
Great Britain and Nigeria
Mexico and Nigeria
Great Britain and Russia
18
Economy with little government control, where wages & prices are determined by supply & demand
Command economy
Communism
Economic liberalization
Market economy
19
In which countries is the media controlled or heavily regulated by the state?
Russia, China, Iran
China, Iran, Nigeria
China, Iran, Nigeria
Iran, Russia, Mexico
20
Who pushed to nationalize the oil industry in Iran?
Hassan Rouhani
The Shah
Ayatollah Khomeini
Mohammad Mossadeq
21
A movement driven by the politics of ordinary citizens
Devolution
Coup
Democratization
Grassroots movement
22
A formula that measures economic inequality within a country
GDP adjusted for PPP
Gini Coefficient
HDI
Per capita GDP
23
Which is an accurate comparison of the Chinese Communist Party and the PRI in Mexico?
Both have been part of a multi-party system
Both have formed one-party systems in their countries
Neither dominate their nations' legislatures today
Neither controls the executive branch
24
For which of the following are women eligible in Iran?
Majlis
Expediency Council
Assembly of Religious Experts
Guardian Council
25
Which of the following best describes the Nigerian population
Ethnically diverse but monolingual
Ethnically, religiously, and linguistically diverse
Well-educated
Dominated by Christians
26
Iran and Nigeria differ in which of the following ways?
Nigeria relies on the export of oil, but Iran does not
Iran's law is based on common law, Nigeria's on shari'a
Nigeria has regular elections, but Iran does not
Iran is a unitary state, Nigeria is a federal state
27
Like Iran, an important source of legitimacy in Nigeria's northern region has been
The constitution
Family traditions
Shari'a
Revolutionary ideals
28
A major reason the CCP, government executives, & legislatures are parallel systems is that
Government leaders & legislators are better educated
More Party & government jobs help reduce unemployment
The structure keeps the CCP intimately involved in governing
The Constitution requires it
29
Which of the following best describes the legislature & electoral system in Russia?
Unicameral; PR with 5% threshold
Bicameral; areas send 2 to upper house, lower both PR & SMD
Bicameral; areas send 2 to upper house, lower prop. rep.
Unicameral; 1st-past-the-post, SMDs
30
All of the following statements about the National People's Congress are true except
Representation is chosen on a geographical basis
It represents people from all levels of society
Minority groups are guaranteed some representation
It is a significant policy-making institution
31
A state that gains a significant portion of its revenue by leasing resources to foreign nations
Corporatism
Cooptation
Rentier state
Command economy
32
Why are non-governmental organizations (NGOs) important in developing countries?
They provide support to the nation's leaders
They provide political stability
They run the government
They provide vital social services
33
Which was not a measure imposed by Putin between 2000 & 2015?
Increasing restrictions on the media
Devolving power to republics in the Caucasus
Establishing presidential appointments of governors
Changing the electoral system for the Duma
34
Voluntary social organizations outside of government representing various interests
Political culture
Civil society
Liberal democracy
Political recruitment
35
The primary goal of the Cultural Revolution was to
Purify the CCP and nation through ideological transformation
Establish a communist regime in China
Seize power from Mao Zedong
Establish military rule in China
36
Which of the AP Comp 6 has the largest legislature?
China
Russia
Mexico
United Kingdom
37
Historically, compared to government bureaucrats in Mexico, government bureaucrats in the UK
Are less likely to stay in their jobs under a new Cabinet
Must bow to the will of Cabinet members
Had much more discretionary power
Are generally more corrupt
38
The Constitution of 1979 was created by a directly-elected 73-man group of clerics called the
Majlis
Guardian Council
Assembly of Religious Experts
Revolutionary Guard
39
The stated goal of the Communist party of Russia was
Equality of results
Equality among Communist party members
Equality of opportunity
Equality of output
40
In the U.K., the monarch serves primarily as
A reminder of Great Britain's former power and wealth
A mediator between competing political forces
A final authority on matters of public policy
A symbol of national unity and political legitimacy
41
Which of the following is true of the Mexican Constitution?
It eliminates quotas for female legislators
It provides for broad involvement from the Catholic Church
It declares all subsoil rights are property of the nation
It establishes autonomous regions for native peoples
42
Who pushed to nationalize the oil industry in Iran?
Ayatollah Khomeini
Hassan Rouhani
The Shah
Mohammad Mossadeq
43
A potential problem associated with using GNP when doing comparative research is
It includes value of goods produced outside the country
It only counts market value of final goods & services
It tells us nothing about economic or human conditions
There is no uniform measure of GNP across countries
44
Which of the following is a significant cleavage in Mexico?
Mestizo vs. Amerindian
Urban vs. Rural/Social Class
All of the above
North vs. South
45
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the CCP and public policy issues?
CCP encourages couples to have several children
CCP has ignored environmental issues to focus on the economy
CCP leadership is elected in open elections
CCP is responsive to the needs of ethnic minorities
46
This effort to speed up China's development and catch up economically led to massive famine
The Iron Rice Bowl
The Great Leap Forward
SEZs
The Great Proletarian Revolution
47
Trade barriers or restrictions on financial transactions imposed on a country are called
Parastatals
Sanctions
Tariffs
Structural adjustment policies
48
System where agricultural production decisions are made by individual farmers based on profit
Household responsibility system
Collectivism
Guanxi
Fang shou
49
To political scientists, a "nation" means
A group of people living in one country
A group of people who share a common identity
A group of people ruled by one leader
A group of people living in a certain geographic area
50
All of the following are true about the president of Iran except
Is the head of government
Must be elected by majority vote
Acts as head of the armed forces
May not serve more than 2 consecutive terms
51
The greatest change in Mexican political history since 1950 was
The end of the camarillas system
The end of one-party dominance
The end of electoral fraud
Transformation from a socialist to a capitalist economy
52
The majority ethnic group in China is
Han
Uyghur
Mongol
Tibetan
53
China and the Soviet Union both conduct(ed) elite recruitment through
Direct popular elections
The hukuo system
Nomenklatura
Five year plans
54
In Mexico, the election of 2000 was notable mainly because it reflected the fact that
It produced more violence than previous elections had
The military had lost control of the political system
The economy was becoming less stable
A multi-party system was replacing a one-party system
55
The founder of the Chinese Nationalist Party, Kuomintang
Sun Tzu
Sun Yat Sen
Mao Zedong
Chiang Kai Shek
56
Where/when do lobbyists most likely begin to try influencing public policy in the U.K.?
Lobbying Cabinet members before legislation introduced
Lobbying the monarch
Lobbying the Prime Minister directly
Lobbying minority leadership
57
Mexican and Nigerian political cultures differ in which of the following ways?
Mexico: gender equality important; Nigeria: women inferior
Mexico: strong nationalism; Nigeria: strong ethnic identity
Nigeria: personal freedom important; Mexico: no freedom
Mexico: support military; Nigeria: anti-military rule
58
How is the relationship between China and Hong Kong described?
Two countries, one system
Two countries, two systems
One country, two systems
One country, one system
59
Which of the following countries is actively trying to boost its population?
Iran
Russia
The United Kingdom
China
60
Mexico's high gini coefficient indicates the existence of a high degree of
Economic dependency
Economic inequality
Literacy
Political freedom
61
Which of the following is not a political issue in the U.K. with respect to cleavages?
Geographic isolation
Ethnic changes
Economic prosperity
Social welfare
62
Methods by which someone is influenced in developing their views about government/politics
Political socialization
Political recruitment
Civil society
Dependency theory
63
The overthrow and replacement of a regime based upon broad popular support
Revolution
Coup
Devolution
Grassroots movements
64
One of the primary functions of Russia's Constitutional Court is to
Amend the Constitution
Exercise judicial review
Validate election results
Oversee the impeachment process
65
A cadre list would be used for which of the following?
Federalism
Perestroika
Socialism
Nomenklatura
66
Since 1978, the Chinese government has generally supported a move towards a trade policy of
Free trade
Closed borders
Protectionism
Mercantilism
67
Bonyads in Iran are most similar to what kind of organization in the U.K.?
The House of Commons
QUANGOs
Nomenklatura
The Scottish National Party
68
Who is the current president of China?
Mao Zedong
Jiang Zemin
Hu Jintao
Xi Jinping
69
Which of the following was encouraged under Deng Xiaoping?
Private enterprise
The Great Leap Forward
Collectivism
Command economics
70
Which of the following is someone in the southern part of Mexico most likely to support?
The PRC
The PAN
The PRD
The PRI
71
A corporation owned or partially owned and controlled by the government is a
Basij
Bonyad
Parastatal
Guanxi
72
Which of the following countries are considered rentier states?
China and Iran
China and Russia
Iran and Nigeria
Nigeria and Russia
73
The European Council is made up of
Parliament members
Ministers of State
Specially elected representatives from individual countries
Heads of State
74
Which of the following groups would most likely support Mexico's PRD?
Large landowners
People who support the Catholic Church's role in politics
Business owners
Urban workers
75
Views about policy-making, the government's role, the pace of change, freedom & equality
Political attitudes
Political socialization
Political recruitment
Political ideology
76
What change did the 1911 Parliament act make to the way government functions in the U.K.?
It allowed for women to be elected to the House of Commons
It stripped the House of Lords of most significant power
It removed most hereditary peers in the House of Lords
It eliminated "rotten boroughs"
77
Globalization has had which of the following impacts?
Less foreign direct investment in most countries
Less pressure for nations to address human rights violations
Greater wealth distribution worldwide
A reduction of the Gini index in most countries
78
The political party most associated with Vladimir Zhirinovsky is (the)
Liberal Democratic Party
United Russia
Communist Party
Yabloko
79
Which of the following is not a major political party in Nigeria?
PDP (People's Democratic Party)
ACN (Action Congress of Nigeria)
PRN (People's Republic of Nigeria)
ANPP (All Nigeria People's Party)
80
In the 1980s, both Mexico and China experienced significant
Liberalization of the political system
Privatization of the economy
Political revolutions
Regime changes
81
What government policies are designed to deal with cleavages based on nationality in the U.K.?
Devolution
Patronage
Exclusion
Isolationism
82
"Black cat, white cat, what does it matter, as long as it catches mice," is associated with
The mandate of heaven
The primary goal of the Cultural Revolution
Maoism
Deng Xiaoping Theory
83
Which of the following have veto power over legislation passed by the Majlis?
The Guardian Council and the Supreme Leader
The president and the Supreme Leader
The Assembly of Religious Experts and Expediency Council
The Guardian Council and the president
84
Why did the U.K. establish a separate supreme court?
To create a federal system of government
To meet EU requirements to provide an independent judiciary
To improve transparency within the judicial system
To comply with NATO requirements
85
Process by which a policy issue or constitutional amendment is sent to the voters for approval
Liberal democracy
Democratization
Cooptation
Referendum
86
One key challenge to U.K. sovereignty in recent years has been
Membership in the E.U.
Economic disparity
Lack of natural resources
Religious cleavages
87
Which of the following best describes newspapers in Nigeria?
Newspapers are widely available and depended on heavily
They are available, but literacy & language limit importance
There are no newspapers
Newspapers are controlled by the state
88
What is a nomenklatura?
A list of dissidents among the citizenry
A list of the wealthiest people in a state
A list of those who have served in the government
A list of important positions & people to fill them
89
The AP Comp nation with the highest reported poverty rate
Mexico
China
Nigeria
Iran
90
The network of camarillas that characterized the Mexican system in the 20th century was
Parastatal
Privatization
Pluralism
Patron-clientalism
91
Which of the following Mexican presidents ran as PRI candidates?
Andrés Manuel López Obrador and Lazaro Cárdenas
Vicente Fox and Enrique Peňa Nieto
Vicente Fox and Ernesto Zedillo
Ernesto Zedillo and Enrique Peňa Nieto
92
Iran and China share which of the following institutional arrangements?
A national assembly with only limited power over laws
Federal division of power
Single-party rule
A president who serves for life
93
One reason ethnic conflict in China has been relatively limited is
Tibet is the only problem area under Chinese control
Most Chinese are happy to have a strong, powerful state
Most Chinese are Buddhist pacifists and won't revolt
Small population & geographic isolation of ethnic minorities
94
Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic of the U.K. electoral system?
Majority popular vote
Proportional representation system
Single member district plurality vote for the lower house
Direct democracy system
95
Can the U.K. Supreme Court declare a law unconstitutional?
Yes
Yes, but only in cases approved by the Prime Minister
No
Yes, but only in cases involving EU human rights issues
96
The AP Comp nation with the highest Gini coefficient
Iran
Nigeria
Mexico
The United Kingdom
97
An important goal of Yeltsin's "shock therapy" in the 1990s was to create a(n)
Democratic republic
Free-market economy
Market-based socialist economy
Oligarchy
98
Which of the following most directly caused the Islamic Revolution in Iran?
Rejection of the Shah's pro-western policies
Isolationist policies
Urban/rural clashes
Lack of modernization
99
Which of the following two tribal groups are predominantly Muslim?
Fulani
Igbo
Yoruba
Hausa
100
Which of the following appoints the Supreme Leader?
The Assembly of Experts
The Council of Ministers
The Guardian Council
The Expediency Council
101
Iran is a hybrid of
Theocracy and democracy
Neo-liberalism and free-market capitalism
Theocracy and feudalism
Monarchy and democracy
102
Hukuo restrictions in China have mostly heavily impacted
Population growth
Rural to urban migration
Trade with other countries
The government's ability to tax citizens
103
Which of the following enjoys the most political legitimacy?
Russia
Iran
China
The United Kingdom
104
Unlike the president of Mexico, the president of Russia has the power to
Dissolve the upper house of the legislature
Appoint court judges
Rule by decree
Appoint cabinet members
105
Russia's president may serve
Two successive 4-year terms
Two successive 6-year terms, may "repeat"
Two successive 6-year terms
Indefinitely
106
Where is shari'a law practiced?
Iran Nigeria, and parts of China
Iran, and parts of Nigeria and Russia
Iran only
Iran and parts of Nigeria
107
A market economy differs from a command economy in that a market economy
Has production goals set by the central government
Controls wages & prices
Guarantees high levels of employment
Relies on the profit motive & competition
108
The political party most associated with Vladimir Putin is (the)
Communist Party
Liberal Democratic Party
Yabloko
United Russia
109
A unitary system is best defined as having
Checks and balances
A centralized geographic center of authority
Separation of powers
A division of power between regional and national government
110
Which of the following traditions in China most emphasizes respect for traditional roles?
Maoism
Confucianism
Daoism
Socialist market economy
111
Which of the following is the biggest source of Iranian distrust of the U.S.?
The Iran-Iraq war
Its financial support of the Khomeini regime
The 1953 coup supported by the CIA
The 1979 revolution supported by the CIA
112
What did Mao Zedong call the command economy of China from 1949 to 1976?
The Socialist Market Economy
A free-market economy
The Iron Rice Bowl
Special Economic Zones
113
Which AP Comp nations use first-past-the-post in at least some of their elections?
The U.K., Russia, China, & Mexico
The U.K., Russia, China, & Nigeria
The United Kingdom only
The U.K., Russia, Mexico, Nigeria, & Iran
114
A "hybrid regime" is one that
Is in danger of political or economic collapse
Mixes capitalism and socialism
Has characteristics of both authoritarianism and democracy
Has a mid-range comparative per capita PPP
115
Pride on one's people, and the belief that they have their own unique political destiny
Nation
Civil society
Nationalism
Coinciding cleavage
116
Russia's economy is most dependent on
Coal reserves
Agricultural products
Oil and gas reserves
International trade, especially with China
117
Who was the first president of the Chinese Republic?
Sun Yat-sen
Wen Jibao
Hu Jintao
Jiang Zemin
118
When did Nigeria achieve its independence?
1960
1970
1999
1860
119
Recently, Russia has been accused of violating the sovereignty of which neighboring country?
Ukraine
Moldova
Chechnya
Crimea
120
One important change in China in the post-Mao era has been the
Elimination of private enterprise
Encouraging more foreign investment in the national economy
Banning of military participation in official policy-making
Legalizing meaningful competition among political parties
121
Which of the following has been the most contentious issues between Mexico & the U.S. lately?
Acts of terrorism
Immigration
Global warming
Trade relations
122
Which of the following had a major role in regime change in Nigeria from 1960-1999?
Military coups
HIV epidemic
Famine
Terrorist actions
123
Which country is most likely to enjoy a flourishing civil society?
A country in which independent interest groups thrive
A country with political and economic development
A country with frequent coups
A country in which most accept the "rules of the game"
124
Nigeria's democratization process is best described as
A smooth transition from colonial to self-rule
A process frequently interrupted by military intervention
Successful effort to dismantle the prebendalist system
A rejection of patrimonial rule
125
Which of the following makes Iran a "rentier state"?
Its status as a Shi'a nation
Its underdeveloped infrastructure
Its export of oil to foreign nations leasing its oil lands
Its authoritarian leadership
126
Political parties in the U.K. play a major role in policy-making because
They are organized around charismatic leaders
The majority party forms the Government in the Commons
They have a strong relationship with the monarch
Of the long-standing tradition of common law
127
From 1980-1988, more than 500,000 Iranians were killed when _______ invaded Iran
Ayatollah Khomeini
Saudi Arabia
Saddam Hussein
The United States
128
Winner-take-all; whoever wins the most votes get the one available seat in the election
Single member districts
Proportional representation
First-past-the-post
Parliamentary system
129
Methods for identifying, training, & selecting those who will serve in government
Political culture
Political socialization
Political recruitment
Dependency theory
130
A person of Spanish and American Indian descent is
Mestizo
Mexicano
Amerindian
Spaniard
131
Which of the following is not part of Great Britain?
England
Scotland
Wales
Northern Ireland
132
Which of the following social groups is most likely to protest in China?
Middle-class entrepreneurs
Urban intellectuals
Members of the People's Liberation Army (PLA)
Farmers in rural areas
133
Which of the following best describes global trends in domestic policies?
More countries are choosing to return to monarchies
There are more states turning to authoritarian leadership
There are more communist regimes since the late 1990s
There are more democracies than a decade ago
134
Which of the following does not contribute to political legitimacy in the British regime?
Public question time of ministers in the House of Commons
Limits on free press by the Official Secrets Act
The monarch as head of state
Accountability created by free, competitive elections
135
The current Supreme Leader of Iran is
Ali Khameini
Hassan Rouhani
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Ruhollah Khomeini
136
Which British PM promoted the concept of a "third way"?
David Cameron
Tony Blair
Gordon Brown
Margaret Thatcher
137
In China, fang shou refers to what?
The system restricting movement from rural to urban areas
A "loosening/tightening" process of political freedom
Personal connections
The list of those eligible for office in the communist party
138
Who sought to reduce the semi-absolute rule of the Shah to make Iran a full democracy?
Hassan Rouhani
Ayatollah Khomeini
Mohammad Mossadeq
Reza Khan
139
Which of the following were characteristics of the "Great Leap Forward"?
Attacks on intellectuals
Backyard blast furnaces
Destruction of the "4 Olds"
A campaign to destroy the "4 pests"
140
Which of the following is the most important agent of political socialization in most nations?
The family
Religious leaders
School
The media
141
What is China's economy considered to be?
Socialist market
Pure market
Libertarian
Command
142
Which of the following is a major exporter of oil?
Iran, U.K., and China
Iran, China, and Russia
Iran, Nigeria, and China
Iran, Mexico, and Nigeria
143
People of which of the following faiths do not have reserved seats in the Majlis?
Baha'i
Judaism
Christianity
Zoroastrianism
144
Parties are represented in the legislature according to the percentage of votes received
Proportional representation
Single member districts
Referenda
First-past-the-post
145
Which faction within the CCP is most opposed to democratization?
Conservatives
Reformers
Liberals
146
What is meant by velayat e' faqih?
The head of the judiciary interprets the Constitution
The Revolutionary Guard protect the Supreme Leader
The switch from common law to civil law
Clerical leaders act as custodians of the people and nation
147
Which of the following is not an indicator of high levels of development?
Low birthrate
High GDP
High infant mortality rates
High life expectancy
148
In Iran, the head of the judiciary is
Chosen by majority vote in the Assembly of Religious Experts
Appointed by the Guardian Council
Appointed by the Supreme Leader
Appointed by the president, affirmed by Guardian Council
149
In communist societies, nomenklatura is a process followed for
Recruitment of elites into important positions
Military intervention
Allocation of economic goods
Trade with foreign nations
150
What are the technocrats?
Those who monitor internet communications in China
Tech-skilled people mocked in the Cultural Revolution
Technologically skilled people with power in China
Political elites that discourage use of technology
151
The process of expanding the interconnectedness among states, societies, and economies
Economic liberalization
Globalization
Dependency theory
Structural adjustment
152
The area of the E.U. where nations have eliminated passport restrictions & border controls is
The Maastricht Area
The EEC
The Schengen Area
The FIFA Zone
153
Which of the following best characterizes the Iranian Revolution of 1979?
Prolonged nation-wide guerilla uprising
Short fairly non-violent upheaval w/ support of middle class
Bloodless coup that installed military regime
Strategy of terrorist attacks on Tehran, other urban areas
154
One similarity between today's Russian Duma and China's National People's Congress is that both
Taken a lead role in environmental issues
Been dominated by a single political party
Play a significant role in policy making
Banned women from becoming representatives
155
A federal system is best defined as having
A centralized source of government authority
Separation of powers
Checks and balances
A division of power between regional and national government
156
What is a major problem with the bureaucracy in Nigeria?
There is no functioning bureaucracy in Nigeria
The civil service is understaffed
Corruption is pervasive
The civil service is controlled by the military
157
A bonyad is not
The Iranian morality police
A fenced in area of Boston to keep farm animals
Subsidized by the government
A charitable organization exempt from taxes
158
The "iron rice bowl"
Was designed to benefit the leaders of the Communist Party
Privatized major sectors of the Chinese economy
Gave cradle-to-grave benefits to workers
Was established by Sun Yat Sen
159
What did the 20th century revolutions in China, Russia, and Mexico have in common?
They all resulted in a one-party state
They all brought a quick end to violence
They all sought to overthrow weak governments
They were all based on Marxist ideology
160
When groups, such as business, labor, interest groups work closely with gov't in policy-making
Corporatism
Command economies
Rentier states
Cooptation
161
Protections individuals have against government action
Civil society
Civil liberties
Civil rights
Political culture
162
An apparent connection between variables
Cooptation
Corporatism
Correlation
Causation
163
Which of the following sets have federal systems of government?
Mexico, Russia, and China
Nigeria, Russia, and Mexico
Iran, Great Britain, and Nigeria
Great Britain, Russia, and Mexico
164
The President of China is formally selected by?
Direct election
Appointment by the CCP
Election by the National People's Congress
Vote of the Politburo
165
The current prime minister of Russia is
Dmitry Medvedev
Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Mikhael Khodorkovsky
166
The fundamental norms & rules established by administrations in a state over time
Rentier state
Regime
Civil society
Political ideology
167
The electoral system in the U.K. tends to
Exaggerate the scale of victory of the largest party
Favor regional parties over national parties
Typically result in minority or coalition governments
Set parliamentary seat allocation as a percentage of votes
168
This is a system with both democratic and authoritarian elements
A hybrid regime
An underdeveloped country
A substantive democracy
A mixed-market economy
169
In China, the term guanxi refers to what?
Bribes
Personal connections
A Buddhist religious group
Political socialization
170
The Mexican economy has struggled party because of its dependency on production/export of
Oil
Wheat
Silver
Products for tourism
171
Which of the following is responsible for "vetting" candidates for political office in Iran?
Majlis
Expediency Council
Guardian Council
Assembly of Religious Experts
172
The Supreme Council of Virtual Space in Iran restricts
Permits for political rallies
Access to the black market
Access to television
The internet
173
This group represents the factory workers of Iran and their concerns
Foundation for the Oppressed and Disabled
OPEC
Bonyads
Workers' House
174
The Federation Council of Russia has which of the following powers?
Approve the president's choice of prime minister
Ratify treaties and issue a suspensive veto
Approve presidential decrees and appoint judges
Call new elections for the Duma
175
Which of the following is/are the best indicator(s) of a successful transition to democracy?
One political party dominates
Electoral competition, citizen participation, rule of law
Several political parties merge to form one centrist party
Judges defer to elected officials on constitutional issues
176
One significant impact of the Shah's "White Revolution" was that it
Weakened the army
Secularized the society
Created a theocracy
Abolished private property
177
The maquiladora district produces goods primarily for
People in Mexico City and surrounding areas
Upper class Mexicans who live in the North
Consumers in the United States
The people of southern Mexico
178
In both Mexico and Russia, the Supreme Court has
Judicial review only in theory
Complete independence from the executive branch
No basis in the nation's constitution
No appellate authority
179
A significant difference between the Yeltsin & Putin administrations, domestically, is
Extensive media freedom under Y, less under P
More decrees under Y, less under P
Peaceful relations w/ Chechnya under Y, violent under P
Centrally planned economy under Y, free market under P
180
Approximately how many members are in the CCP?
About 80 million
About 500 million
All voting-eligible citizens of China
About 1 million
181
Which is the best explanation for why civil society struggled under Ahmadinejad's presidency?
Increased economic well-being
Iranian disinterest in politics
Political suppression and tight security controls
Internet activism
182
Which of the following is true of a coalition government?
Is an ideal of a majoritarian democracy
It systematically excludes minority voices from government
Tends to result from fragmented legislature, can be unstable
Tends to result from first-past-the post voting system
183
During the 1980s, both China and Great Britain did which of the following?
Promoted free markets and private profit incentives
Encouraged environmental movements
Heightened authoritarian rule
Imposed stricter punishment for political dissidents
184
In traditional China before the 20th century, an important source of political legitimacy was
Democratic centralism
The mass line
Confucian philosophy
Collectivism
185
The United Kingdom holds elections every
10 years
6 years
5 years
3 years
186
In contrast to the UK, Mexico's political history is more often characterized by
Social class differences
Instability and legitimacy issues
Gradualism and tradition
Multi-national conflicts
187
Between 1966 and 1993, Nigeria experienced a
Successful parliamentary-style government
Series of military coups
Decline in the influence of patron-client networks
Resurgence in its dependency on Britain
188
In 1997, the U.K. ceded what territory to China after the end of a 100-year lease?
Shanghai
Taiwan
Macau
Hong Kong
189
The Pendulum Effect best describes Mexican government between
1910 and 1934
1870 and 1910
1970s through the 1990s
1934 through the 1970s
190
The social cleavage that most influenced the organization of Russia into the "federation" was
Nationality
Religion
Rural/urban differences
Social class
191
During recent elections, which region has been most reliably supportive of PRD candidates?
The Yucatan peninsula
Northern Mexico
Southern Mexico
Mexico City
192
Which of the following best describes Mexico's PAN prior to presidential victory in 2000?
Avoided electoral politics
Focused efforts on growing support among ethnic natives
Won several gubernatorial elections in northern Mexico
Sought a national alliance with the PRD
193
One similarity between the Russian and British systems is that both
Merge the positions of Head of State and Head of Government
Have a lower house as the more powerful policy-making body
Have an unwritten constitution
Have the PM as head of the lower house of the legislature
194
Which best describes women's political participation in the developing world?
Rural women participate more than urban women do
Political participation is generally prohibited
Traditional cultural values often limit participation
Women are not interested in politics in the developing world
195
In recent years, all of the following reforms have been instituted in China except
Competitive village elections
Creation of special economic zones
Mandatory retirement ages for most national leaders
Creation of an independent judiciary
196
Political and economic change in Britain has long been characterized by
Coups d'etat
Gradualism
Resistance to reform
Revolutions
197
According to the Russian Constitution, the president has what power over the legis. branch?
He can appoint representatives to the Duma
He can dissolve the Duma
He can change the # of representatives for a region
He can declare Duma elections void
198
Russia, Mexico, Iran, and Nigeria all have
Long histories of military rule
Unitary systems of government
A free press
Directly elected presidents
199
The organization of the Russian Federation into some "autonomous regions" is based mostly on
Social class
Religion
Ethnicity
Economic differences
200
Where does the UK rank out of the 6 AP Comp countries in terms of the GINI index?
3rd
1st
4th
6th
201
What is "collectivization"?
Privatization of most sectors of the economy
The shift from communism to capitalism
The creation of Special Economic Zones
Elimination of most private property
202
A measure of a country's standard of living, including health and education
HDI
Gini index
GDP adjusted for PPP
GDP
203
Which of the following accurately describes the separation of powers in the U.K.?
There are three distinct branches of government
There is separation between executive and legislative only
There is a fusion of all three branches of government
There is some separation w/ creation of separate Supreme Ct
204
Which of the following is an example of a role political parties play in the U.K. legislature?
The PM is chosen by the majority party in Commons
Parties are awarded seats proportionally
Parties evenly divide seats in the Commons
Parties have a minor role since there is a fusion of powers
205
This world leader alienated Iran after 9/11 with the "Axis of Evil" speech
Barack Obama
George H.W. Bush
George W. Bush
Bill Clinton
206
In contrast to Great Britain, Russia's political culture puts more emphasis on
Insularity
The importance of nationality
Civil society
State authority
207
Which of the following reflects the degree of democracy in a system?
The level of political legitimacy afforded the regime
Whether elections are held and freely contested
The number of people who vote
The level of income inequality
208
Which of the following is evidence that Nigeria is organized as a federal system?
The regime has a constitution
The heavy dependence on oil revenues
Its presidential system
The existence of shari'a courts in the north
209
The Russian political system established by the Constitution of 1993 is best described as
A confederal system
A parliamentary-presidential system
A parliamentary system
A unitary system
210
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of northern and southern Mexico?
There are few socioeconomic differences between the regions
Larger numbers of Amerindians live in the north
A larger proportion of southern people live in urban areas
The north is more supportive of a market-based economy
211
Iran became a rentier state under the Pahlavis when most of its income came from
International loans
Renting its industrial factories to foreign nations
Selling oil to its citizens
Exporting oil and leasing oil fields to foreign countries
212
In which types of national votes can Russians participate
Presidential and Duma elections only
Duma elections only
Presidential, Duma, and referenda elections only
Presidential elections only
213
Unlike the Russian and Chinese revolutions, Iran's 1979 Revolution was based on
Authoritarian motives
Religion
Ideology
Military strength
214
The ability of citizens to know what government officials are doing and how money is spent
Transparency
Liberal democracy
Civil society
Political culture
215
The Tiananmen Square incident was provoked by all of the following except
The belief that China should allow a more democratic system
Unprecedented market growth under market socialism
A belief that market reforms might lead to political reforms
Reforms in the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev
216
Who is the current president of China?
Xi Jinping
Jiang Zemin
Mao Zedong
Hu Jintao
217
"Political culture" is
Patronage
Widely shared political beliefs, attitudes, & values
A complex social networking system
A person's set of core beliefs about government policies
218
In 2016, Putin altered the electoral process for the Duma; in what way?
Change from proportional rep. ⇒ part proportional, part FPTP
Allowing only members of his party to be seated in the Duma
Change to all FPTP, based on SMDs
Change to all proportional representation
219
The transition from an authoritarian system to a liberal democracy
Democratization
Economic liberalization
Devolution
Cooptation
220
As countries enter into free trade agreements (like NAFTA) there is greater demand on them to
Revise economic policies to favor international trade
Plan their economies centrally
Allow for bottom-up political participation
Adopt proportional representation systems
221
Timing of UK elections are generally determined by which of the following?
Citizens decide in a referendum
The PM can call elections any time in a 5-year period
Elections are set by law, except in specific circumstances
A non-partisan electoral commission sets the dates
222
If the Duma rejects a president PM appointee three times
The Duma appoints the PM
The president must select a different PM candidate
The president may dissolve the Duma
The Constitutional Court determines the PM
223
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Labour Party?
It supports privatization of medical services
It is center-left
It supports government involvement in the economy
It favors government support for social welfare programs
224
Which of the following pairs of parties are generally regarded as parties of the left?
CCP and PAN in Mexico
PRD in Mexico and Labour Party in the UK
Green Party in the UK and PRI in Mexico
PRI in Mexico and United Russia
225
The Westminster model of representative government differs from presidential models most in its
Federal structure
Publicly funded election campaigns
Use of proportional election procedures
Legislative sovereignty
226
Which of the following tribal groups in Nigeria are Muslim?
Hausa
Ijaw
Igbo
Yoruba
227
A form of government where politics and religion are intertwined
Illiberal democracy
Marxism
Theocracy
Authoritarianism
228
The goal of the Great Proletarian Revolution was
Privatization
Assimiliation
Collectivization
Political "purification"
229
All of the following were components of the "White Revolution" except
Increased emphasis on Islamic principles
Infrastructure development
Land reform for peasants
Expansion of educational opportunities
230
Who had become China's most powerful leader by 1978?
Sun Yat-sen
Mao Zedong
Deng Xiaoping
Jiang Zemin
231
A major goal of both the EU and NAFTA is the establishment of
A free trade system
A common currency
A regional parliament
Common agricultural regulations
232
This Treaty established the Three Pillars of the European Union
Rome
Paris
Lisbon
Maastricht
233
China's rapid industrialization of the past 30 years has done which of the following?
Limited the flow of migrant workers to urban areas
Narrowed the gap between rich and poor
Increased types of social welfare benefits citizens receive
Produced extensive environmental degradation and pollution
234
Which of the following do Nigeria and China have in common
A majority in both countries are Christian
Both countries have a vibrant and free media
A significant degree of corruption
A majority in both countries are Muslim
235
Which group is assigned to investigate Iran for compliance with JCPOA?
The United States
The International Atomic Energy Agency
The UN Security Council
The European Union
236
An illiberal democracy is defined as
Gov't hold elections, but restricts civil rights/liberties
A country that lacks free trade
Country experiencing high levels of economic growth
Nation claims to be democratic, but doesn't allow elections
237
Which of the following countries have economies that are heavily dependent on oil?
China, Russia, Nigeria
Russian, Britain, Mexico
Nigeria, Iran, Mexico
China, Nigeria, Iran
238
How are candidates chosen for elections in Nigeria?
They are nominated by the people
They are approved by the president
They are nominated by the military
They are nominated by political parties
239
The UK is organized as a
Federal system similar to the U.S.
Authoritarian unitary system
Unitary system with devolution/some federal features
Hybrid system
240
People in Iran grew increasingly angry with the Shah for all of the following reasons except
Strong GDP growth
Stifling of opposition groups & individuals
Unequal distribution of income
Creation and use of SAVAK
241
People in the United Kingdom tend to vote based on all of the following except
Party identification
Union membership
Geographic location
Religion
242
The two religions that have intensified ethnic conflict in Nigeria are
Islam and Christianity
Hinduism and Christianity
Islam and Judaism
Christianity and Baha'i
243
Economic policies establishing protective tariffs, subsidies for domestic industry
Economic liberalization
Mixed market economies
Structural adjustment policies
Import substitution policies
244
Which of the following is the most powerful seat of political power in China?
Politburo Standing Committee
National Party Congress
Central Committee
The National People's Congress
245
Which of the following is untrue about women in Iran?
The represent nearly half of professional positions
The form the majority of college students
The are required to wear a hijab in public
The form a majority in the Majlis
246
All of the following are responsibilities of the Majlis except
Approval of the Supreme Leader
Approval of the budget
Debating legislation
Passing legislation
247
Russia is no longer a communist state, but shares this feature with communist China
Lack of political parties
Government restrictions on development of civil society
Continued opposition to the growth of capitalism
Majority of economy is devoted to heavy industry
248
Which of the following is not a political party operating in the U.K.?
Plaid Cymru
Labour Party
Conservative Party
Progressive Royalists Party
249
Which of the following best describes the role of civil society groups in Nigeria?
Civil society groups are controlled by a corporatist system
They are small and relatively weak
Independent groups are not allowed
There are many, and they have a great deal of influence
250
The president is both Head of State and Head of Government in which of the following?
China and Nigeria
Mexico and Russia
Iran and Mexico
Nigeria and Mexico
251
Which government programs in 20th century China were most inspired by the Soviet Union?
Cultural Revolution
Five Year Plans
Great Leap Forward
Deng Xiaoping Theory
252
This Kuomintang leader fled to Taiwan (o.k., Ethan, "Chinese Taipei")
Mao Zedong
Chiang Kai-shek
Sun Yat-sen
Jiang Zemin
253
Unlike most advanced democracies, the United Kingdom does not have a
Plurality electoral system
Parliamentary system
Written constitution
Head of state
254
Which of the following is the best example of a parastatal in Mexico?
NAFTA
Camarillas
PEMEX
America Movil
255
The ability to make and enforce public policy without answering to a higher power
Sovereignty
Judicial review
Common law
Liberal democracy
256
Who pushed to nationalize the oil industry in Iran?
Ayatollah Khomeini
Hassan Rouhani
Mohammad Mossadeq
The Shah
257
Which of the following countries has the most homogeneous populations?
Russia
China
Iran
Mexico
258
Which of the following ensures laws are compatible with Islam & serves as an "upper house"?
The Assembly of Experts
The Guardian Council
The Expediency Council
The Council of Ministers
259
The total value of goods and services produced within a given country
Per capita GDP
HDI
GNP
GDP
260
Which of the following best describes energy policy in an AP Comp country?
Iran no longer relies heavily on oil to fund its economy
Mexico exports most of its oil to the United States
China produces enough oil to be self-sufficient
Nigerian oil revenues are distributed equally to citizens
261
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Maoism?
Egalitarianism
Collectivism
Struggle & activism
Individualism
262
The main purpose of the IFE (Instituto Federal Electoral) is to
Discourage election monitoring by opposition parties
Assure honest and accurate election results
Register citizens to vote
Encourage media coverage of elections
263
Approximately what was the growth rate of China's GDP from 1990-2009?
8%
-2%
25%
3%
264
In 1979, the vast majority of Iranians supported...
Joining the United Nations
Replacing the Ayatollah with the Shah
A secular constitution
Replacing the monarchy with an Islamic Republic
265
In Mexico, mestizos are generally
More educated, wealthier, and predominate in central regions
More educated, wealthier, and predominate in the north
More educated, less wealthy, and predominate in the north
More educated, wealthier, and predominate in the south
266
In China, Mexico, and Nigeria, patron-clientalism has almost always been accompanied by
Fragmentation of government
Coalition governments
Corruption
Religious conflict
267
A characteristic of the political culture that explains Britain's attitude towards the EU is
Insularity
Cultural homogeneity
Multinationalism
Noblesse oblige
268
System with political competition, economic freedom, civil rights & liberties, & transparency
Rentier state
Liberal/substantive democracy
Illiberal/procedural democracy
Authoritarian state
269
In Iran, formal political parties are less important than reformist and conservative coalitions
True
False
270
How long has the current regime in Nigeria been functioning?
Since 1970
Since 1960
Since 1999
Since 2010
271
The history, values, beliefs, and traditions that influence political behaviors
The nation-state
Political socialization
Political recruitment
Political culture
272
When a court has the power to overturn a law passed by the legislature
Code law
Common law
Judicial review
Referendum
273
Which of the following is a "technocrat"?
Xi Jinping
Deng Xiaoping
Chiang Kai Shek
Mao Zedong
274
Which of the following identifies two basic elements of all modern representative democracies?
Proportional representation, separation of exec/leg power
A written constitution, separation of powers
Free and fair elections, broad suffrage
Free speech, private ownership of all industry
275
In contrast to most "western" nations, Russia has a stronger tradition of
Civil society
Authoritarian leadership
Separation of church and state
Individualism
276
When many groups are free to participate in the policy-making process:
Democratization
Civil society
Pluralism
Transparency
277
Groups and organizations that connect government to its citizens
Linkage institutions
Grassroots movements
NGOs
Coinciding cleavage
278
Protections that governments provide for ethnic, religious, gender, or minority groups
Civil society
Civil rights
Political culture
Civil liberties
279
Which of the following accurately compares Russian and Mexican elections/voting for president?
Mexico: must win with majority; Russia: win with plurality
Both: president must win by a majority vote
Mexico: may win with plurality; Russia: must have majority
Both: presidents have six year terms, but no reelection
280
Who pushed to nationalize the oil industry in Iran?
Mohammad Mossadeq
The Shah
Ayatollah Khomeini
Hassan Rouhani
281
Which of the following countries is more developed in the north than in the south?
Mexico
Russia
China
Nigeria
282
Which of the following is the best definition of "state"
The basic unit of political org. for a people in a territory
Enduring political patterns from one leader to the next
The ethnic loyalty of a population
Self-determination
283
Today, the primary ethnic cleavage in Mexico is between
Spanish and natives
Europeans and Amerindians
Mestizos and Amerindians
Europeans and mestizos
284
Transparency in government is important for combating
Corruption
Economic inequality
Devolution
Political party conflicts
285
PRI-controlled governments after 1929 all generally practiced
Interest group pluralism
Neoliberalism
State corporatism
Totalitarianism
286
The main check on the executive branch that the '93 Constitution gives the Duma is the power to
Send exec. acts to Constitutional Court for judicial review
Issue decrees that have the force of law
Reject the appointment of the PM
Appoint the PM and Cabinet
287
In comparison to the party system in Russia, the party system in Mexico is
More competitive
Weaker and more fluid
Less supportive of women candidates
More fluid, more likely based on individuals than ideology
288
One similarity between the PMs of Great Britain and Russia is that both
May be removed by a vote of no confidence in the lower house
Are the head of the head of the majority in the lower house
Must be directly elected by a majority vote
Have the ability to dissolve their legislatures
289
What is the highest legislative body in the People's Republic of China?
Politiburo
National People's Congress
Provincial Congress
Politburo Standing Committee
290
How has the European Union affected its member countries?
An increase in military power
Less trade between European neighbors
Greater unemployment
A reduction in sovereignty