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Unit 5 - Sociological Research Flashcards | StudBud
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Unit 5 - Sociological Research
What does connotative meaning reveal?
What is the Hawthorne effect?
Unit 5 - Sociological Research
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1
What is the Hawthorne effect?
Hypothesis is unclear
Participants change behavior because they’re observed
Data becomes biased
Interviewer takes over
2
What does connotative meaning reveal?
Audio quality
Data entry errors
Values and identity shaping
Sampling methods
3
What is sample framing?
Writing a conclusion
Knowing the group’s demographic makeup
Choosing the best photo of the group
Selecting only volunteers
4
What is the definition of a theory?
A proven law
An ethical standard
A belief that guides our understanding of society
A news article summary
5
What does a one-tailed hypothesis do?
Describes only the population
Removes all bias
Predicts the direction of change
Assumes no change
6
What is representative sampling?
Sample reflects the demographics of the population
Researcher picks favorites
Based on politics
Everyone volunteers
7
What is bias?
A type of method
A random sample
A scientific process
A specific opinion or outlook
8
What does denotative meaning refer to?
Literal meaning
Cultural symbolism
Hidden meaning
Participant emotion
9
What is secondary data?
Data that already exists
Observations
Interviews
Original journal articles
10
What is a sample?
A hypothesis
Literature review summary
Group selected from the population for the study
A variable
11
What is a variable?
A person in a sample
An interview method
A type of conclusion
Something that can change
12
What is quantitative data?
Interview-based
Number-based and comparable
Opinion-driven
Group interviews only
13
What is operationalization?
Making a law
Writing a summary
Turning abstract ideas into measurable behaviors
Conducting an interview
14
What is simple random sampling?
Only women are picked
Only volunteers are chosen
The youngest are picked
Everyone has an equal chance
15
What does 'value-free' mean?
Free from personal beliefs
Requires no data
Paid for by the state
Based on religious values
16
What is an unstructured interview?
Open conversation with no fixed order
Likert scale only
Multiple choice
Survey-based
17
Why are experiments less common in sociology?
They lack variables
Ethical and logistical limits
Sociology avoids science
Participants refuse
18
What is a hypothesis?
A bias in research
A question without an answer
A measurable prediction/outcome
A policy recommendation
19
What shapes the ‘who’ in research?
Participant willingness
University ranking
The topic, purpose, and researcher’s background
Political affiliation
20
What is a null hypothesis?
A prediction of no change
A qualitative method
A guess
A hypothesis with many outcomes
21
Who conducts the majority of sociological research?
Private companies
Professors
High school teachers
Government officials
22
Why is it hard to get a good sample?
Legal, confidentiality, and access issues
Sociology is unpopular
Too many participants
Samples are always inaccurate
23
What are the three main factors that affect research?
Time, money, participants
Age, gender, class
Hypothesis, data, literature
Culture, religion, politics
24
What is snowball sampling?
Computer-generated sampling
Teacher-selected participants
Research on winter sports
Participants refer other participants
25
What does a dependent variable represent?
A null hypothesis
A hypothesis
The effect
The cause
26
What does correlation measure?
The relationship between variables
Sampling accuracy
Cause and effect
Random chance
27
Why are ethics important in sociology?
To increase speed
To reduce expenses
Research often deals with sensitive or illegal topics
For random sampling
28
What is the interviewer effect?
Equipment malfunctions
Interviewer’s traits affect answers
Responses are mailed in
Participants give false names
29
What is qualitative data?
Number-based
Descriptive, explains "why"
Always a survey
Randomized questions
30
Why does sociological research require training?
To reduce data entry errors
To ensure the research is valid and reliable
To secure funding
To improve public speaking
31
What is stratified random sampling?
Group is divided by traits, then sampled proportionally
Observed only
Based on friendships
Volunteer only
32
Where is most sociological research conducted?
Labs
Community centers
Universities
Corporations
33
What is content analysis?
Collecting statistics
Examining media and texts for patterns
Surveying emotions
Watching TV for research
34
What is an example of an abstract variable?
Height
Love
Age
Weight
35
What is objective research?
Unrelated to data
Research without the influence of values or beliefs
Impossible in sociology
Completely personal
36
What is primary data?
Government statistics
Data collected directly by the researcher
Textbooks
Literature summaries
37
What is a structured interview?
Conversational and random
Participant-led
Fixed questions in a set order
pen-ended only
38
What is researcher bias?
Random variation in the sample
Study design affects the results
Bias in participant selection
Government influence in research
39
What is the halo effect?
Participants behave angelically
Lack of sleep affects memory
A perfect sample
One good impression influences overall opinion
