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Biology Midterm Review
Biology Midterm Review
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Biology Midterm Review (Scientific Method, Biochemistry, Cells, DNA, Mitosis)
Flashcards
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Answers
1
The term for programmed cell death is _____________.
cytokinesis
lysis
apoptosis
mitosis
2
The stage of the cell cycle where the membrane pinches inward forming two new cells is _______.
Mitosis
Telophase
Interphase
Cytokinesis
3
When performing an experiment, what should you do with waste materials?
Wash them down the sink.
Throw them in the trash.
Follow teacher instructions on disposal.
Leave them where they are.
4
How many ATP's are gained during glycolysis?
4
8
2
6
5
The ___________ is a storage organelle that contains water, waste, and enzymes.
Ribsome
Lysosome
Vacuole
Nucleus
6
The variable that measures numbers quantities or numbers is the ___________ variable.
Dependent
Qualitative
Quantitative
Independent
7
Which organelle is the site for protein synthesis?
Mitochondria
Ribosome
ER
Golgi
8
Facilitated diffusion requires the aid of a __________ to move materials from high to low.
water molecule
DNA molecule
carbohydrate
protein
9
In RNA, A pairs with which base?
G
T
U
C
10
A segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein is a ________________.
Gene
RNA
Amino Acid
Codon
11
Which enzyme helps unzip the DNA strand in replication?
Polymerase
Helicase
Ligase
Primase
12
What is the complimentary DNA strand for the following: AAG CAT?
TTA GCA
TTC GTA
UUC GUA
UUC GCA
13
Photosynthesis takes place in which organelle of plant cells?
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Nucleus
Chloroplast
14
Energy is released from ATP when the ___________ bonds are broken.
covalent
phosphate
hydrogen
adenine
15
A variable that characterizes color or category is referred to as a ____________ variable.
Independent
Quantitative
Qualitative
Dependent
16
The cell cycle stage that prepares the cell for division is _______________.
Interphase
Cytokinesis
Prophase
Mitosis
17
EXOCYTOSIS moves materials _________ the cell.
into
outside
18
A sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base make up a _____________.
lipid
amino acid
sugar molecule
nucleotide
19
In an experiment, the group that is kept under normal conditions is called the _________.
Control Group
Independent Group
Dependent Group
Experimental Group
20
Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of _____________.
carbon dioxide
oxygen
glucose
water
21
The enzyme that adds nucleotides during replication is __________.
DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
ligase
primase
22
Who discovered/made the first model of DNA?
Hooke
Franklin
Linnaeus
Watson & Crick
23
ENDOCYTOSIS moves molecules _________ the cell.
into
outside
24
A mass of cells is called a __________.
tumor
cyst
carcinogen
malignant
25
All macromolecules are "organic" meaning they have one element in common. What is the element?
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon
Hydrogen
26
Which of the following is NOT a stage in Mitosis?
Anaphase
Metaphase
Prophase
Interphase
27
Which phase of mitosis is pictured below?
anaphase
metaphase
prophase
telophase
28
Which piece of technology aided in the formation of the cell theory?
Agar
Telescope
Petri Dish
Microscope
29
Plant-based foods like vegetables typically contain which carbohydrate?
Amino Acids
Cellulose
Starch
Fats
30
Which is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
Water + Carbon Dioxide + ATP --> Glucose + Oxygen
Glucose + Oxygen --> Water + Carbon Dioxide + ATP
ATP + Water + Glucose --> Oxygen + Carbon Dioxide
Glucose + Carbon Dioxide --> Water + Oxygen + ATP
31
Chromosomes line up in the middle of cell during _______________.
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Prophase
32
Which organelle contains genetic material and is known as the control center of the cell?
Nucleus
Ribosome
Golgi
Mitochondria
33
The variable that is changed throughout the experiment is the ______________.
Independent Variable
Dependent Variable
Experimental Variable
Control Variable
34
Which of the following statements is NOT part of the Cell Theory?
All living things are made of cells.
All cells come from pre-existing cells.
The cell is the basic unit of life.
All cells have a nucleus and organelles.
35
During ____________ the nuclei begin to reappear and the cleavage furrow begins to form?
prophase
telophase
anaphase
metaphase
36
The uncontrolled division of cells is called ________.
S-phase
G2-phase
cancer
mitosis
37
The macromolecules that store the most energy are _________________.
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
38
Transcription produces which structure?
mRNA
amino acids
DNA
tRNA
39
The __________ helps move materials throughout the cell, one type contains ribosomes.
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Nucleus
Golgi Aparatus
40
The glucose molecule is organized into a 6-sided ring. Which macromolecule is this?
Protein
Lipid
Carbohydrate
Nucleic Acid
41
The pigment found in plants that absorbs sunlight is ____________.
ribose
chlorophyll
carotene
phytochrome
42
During interphase DNA is in the ___________ form.
condensed
chromatin
chromsome
43
The macromolecule that includes all sugars is ________________.
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
44
Osmosis is the diffusion of ___________ from areas of high concentration to low concentration.
DNA
water
enzymes
nutrients
45
A __________ is a molecule composed of a single subunit.
Monomer
Polymer
Lipid
Macromolecule
46
Which cell structure does this statement describe: protects the cell and selectively permeable?
Nucleus
Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
47
Adenine pairs with ____________.
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
48
What is the correct mRNA strand for the following: AGG TCA?
ACC AGT
AUU AGU
TCC AGT
UCC AGU
49
Which phase of mitosis is pictured below?
metaphase
prophase
anaphase
telophase
50
In an experiment the experimental group is the group that is ________________.
kept the same
tested
controlled
not tested
51
Enzymes, hair, and nails are all examples of which type of macromolecule?
Protein
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Lipids
52
Lipid monomers are organized into a chain of _____________.
Carbons
Nitrogens
Hydrogens
Oxygens
53
Anaerobic respiration does not require oxygen. We call this process ______________.
Photosynthesis
Glycolosis
Fermentation
Krebs Cycle
54
Cells that have a true nucleus and membrane bound organelles are __________.
Bacteria
Prokaryotic
Nonexistent
Eukaryotic
55
The identical halves of a chromosome are called __________.
centromere
centriole
chromatin
chromatid
56
Cytosine pairs with ______________.
Thymine
Adenine
Guanine
57
Polymers are molecules composed of repeating units of ____________.
Carbon Rings
Chains of Carbon
Monomers
Macromolecules
58
Which phase of mitosis is pictured below?
prophase
telophase
anaphase
metaphase
59
DNA condenses into chromosomes and the nucleus begins to break down during _______.
Metaphase
Prophase
Anaphase
Telophase
60
The movement of food particles into the cell is _____________.
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
61
DNA replication produces ___ identical strands of DNA.
4
2
3
62
In plant cells, the ________ begins to form at the end of mitosis to help divide the cytoplasm.
cell plate
cleavage furrow
spindle fibers
centriole
63
The organelle that is responsible for digesting waste and apoptosis is a ______________.
Lysosome
Centriole
Ribosome
Golgi
64
This organelle packages and transports materials throughout the cell?
Vacuole
Ribosome
Golgi Apparatus
ER
65
Goggles must be kept on at all times in the lab. True or False?
True
False
66
Active transport requires energy to move molecules across the plasma membrane. True or False?
True
False
67
On a graph, the independent variable is graphed on the ___________-axis.
Z
Y
0
X
68
Which stage in cellular respiration makes the most ATP?
Fermentation
Krebs Cycle
Glycolosis
Electron Transport Chain
69
The enzyme responsible for transcription is _______________.
RNA polymerase
DNA polymerase
ligase
primase
70
The movement of liquid into the cell is ______________.
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
71
RNA has all of the following characteristics EXCEPT which one?
Forms Double Helix
Ribose Sugar
Single Stranded
Uracil instead of Thymine
72
Enzymes function as a ______________ to speed up chemical reactions.
nutrient
catalyst
storage molecule
genetic code
73
If your clothing catches fire, what should you do?
Use the eyewash to put the fire out.
Tell the teacher only.
Pour water on yourself.
Grab the fire blanket, tell teacher.
74
All injuries or accidents in the lab should be reported to your teacher. True or False?
False
True
75
The dependent variable in an experiment is _____________________.
measured
kept the same
changed
observed
76
A cell that has no membrane bound organelles and no nucleus is a __________ cell.
animal
plant
eukaryotic
prokaryotic
77
Variables that are kept the same throughout the experiment are called ____________.
Experimental Variables
Independent Variables
Dependent Variables
Control Variables
78
During __________ chromatids separate and move to opposite sides of the cell.
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
79
In the lab, if you were to spill an acid on yourself, what is the first thing you should do?
Wash it off.
Tell the teacher.
Tell your friend.
Do nothing.
80
Prokaryotic cells divide by this process: ________________.
Meiosis
DNA Replication
Mitosis
Binary Fission
81
On a graph, the dependent variable is graphed on the _________-axis.
X
0
Y
Z
82
Diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion are types of ____________ transport.
Active
Passive
83
The monomer of a protein is ______________.
an amino acid.
a glucose molecule.
a fatty acid chain.
a nucleotide.
84
The movement of solutes from areas of high concentration to low concentration is?
endocytosis
phagocytosis
diffusion
osmosis
85
Fats, oils, and waxes are all examples of which macromolecule?
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids
86
Choose the correct sequence for the Scientific Method.
Hypothesis, Observe, Experiment, Conclusion, Data
Observe, Hypothesis, Experiment, Data, Conclusion
Hypothesis, Experiment, Observe, Data, Conclusion
Observe, Experiment, Hypothesis, Data, Conclusion
87
Which of the following is the correct equation for photosynthesis?
6H2O + 6O2 + Light -> C6H12O6 + 6CO2
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6H2O + 6CO2 + Light
6H2O + 6CO2 + Light -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
C6H12O6 + 6O2 + Light -> 6H2O + 6CO2
88
Which of the following is NOT one of the 4 macromolecules we discussed in class?
Nucleic Acid
Carbohydrate
Protein
Hemoglobin
89
Choose the correct order for the levels of organization in organisms.
Tissue - Cell - Organ - Organism - Organ System
Tissue - Cell - Organ System - Organ - Organism
Organ System - Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organism
Cell - Tissue - Organ - Organ System - Organism
90
What is the correct amino acid for the following codon in mRNA: GAA?
Ala
Arg
Glut
Gly
91
Which of the following organelles is NOT unique to a plant cell?
Mitochondria
Central Vacuole
Chloroplast
Cell Wall
92
What type of carbohydrate can be found in bread, potatoes, and wheat?
Cellulose
Fats
Starch
Amino Acids
93
Passive transport does NOT require energy. True or False?
False
True
94
The ____________ holds sister chromatids together.
chromosome
chromatin
centriole
centromere
95
Cellular Respiration takes place in both plant and animal cells in which organelle?
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Ribosomes
Nucleus
