One difference between parliamentary and presidential forms of government is

Executive in pres. system is independent of legislature

Iran became a rentier state under the Pahlavis when most of its income came from

Exporting oil and leasing oil fields to foreign countries

Which of the following reflects the degree of democracy in a system?

Whether elections are held and freely contested

A unitary system is best defined as having

A centralized geographic center of authority

Russia is no longer a communist state, but shares this feature with communist China

Government restrictions on development of civil society

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Conservative Party?

It strongly supports social welfare programs

Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic of the U.K. electoral system?

Single member district plurality vote for the lower house

A significant difference between the Yeltsin & Putin administrations, domestically, is

Extensive media freedom under Y, less under P

Nigeria's democratization process is best described as

A process frequently interrupted by military intervention

Which is an accurate comparison of the Chinese Communist Party and the PRI in Mexico?

Both have formed one-party systems in their countries

Which country is most likely to enjoy a flourishing civil society?

A country in which independent interest groups thrive

Which AP Comp nations use first-past-the-post in at least some of their elections?

The U.K., Russia, Mexico, Nigeria, & Iran

The UK is organized as a

Unitary system with devolution/some federal features

A market economy differs from a command economy in that a market economy

Relies on the profit motive & competition

In China, fang shou refers to what?

A "loosening/tightening" process of political freedom

In Iran, the head of the judiciary is

Appointed by the Supreme Leader

Which best describes women's political participation in the developing world?

Traditional cultural values often limit participation

Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Labour Party?

It supports privatization of medical services

One similarity between today's Russian Duma and China's National People's Congress is that both

Been dominated by a single political party

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Questions 290

Answers

1
Which of the following enjoys the most political legitimacy?
Iran
The United Kingdom
Russia
China
2
Which of the following is a significant cleavage in Mexico?
Mestizo vs. Amerindian
All of the above
North vs. South
Urban vs. Rural/Social Class
3
One difference between parliamentary and presidential forms of government is
Presidential system has no fixed term of office for exec.
Executive in pres. system subject to no-confidence vote
Executive in pres. system is independent of legislature
Parliamentary system assures no period of divided government
4
Iran became a rentier state under the Pahlavis when most of its income came from
Renting its industrial factories to foreign nations
International loans
Exporting oil and leasing oil fields to foreign countries
Selling oil to its citizens
5
Where does the UK rank out of the 6 AP Comp countries in terms of the GINI index?
4th
1st
3rd
6th
6
Mexico's high gini coefficient indicates the existence of a high degree of
Economic inequality
Political freedom
Literacy
Economic dependency
7
Which of the following reflects the degree of democracy in a system?
The number of people who vote
The level of income inequality
Whether elections are held and freely contested
The level of political legitimacy afforded the regime
8
When did Nigeria achieve its independence?
1960
1999
1970
1860
9
Protections individuals have against government action
Civil liberties
Civil rights
Political culture
Civil society
10
A unitary system is best defined as having
Checks and balances
A division of power between regional and national government
Separation of powers
A centralized geographic center of authority
11
Unlike the Russian and Chinese revolutions, Iran's 1979 Revolution was based on
Military strength
Authoritarian motives
Ideology
Religion
12
What is the conviction rate in the Chinese criminal justice system?
5%
99%
75%
67%
13
Russia is no longer a communist state, but shares this feature with communist China
Government restrictions on development of civil society
Lack of political parties
Continued opposition to the growth of capitalism
Majority of economy is devoted to heavy industry
14
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Conservative Party?
It favors reduced government spending
It is center-right
It strongly supports social welfare programs
It favors privatization
15
Which of the following is not a political party operating in the U.K.?
Progressive Royalists Party
Labour Party
Plaid Cymru
Conservative Party
16
In China, the term guanxi refers to what?
Personal connections
Bribes
Political socialization
A Buddhist religious group
17
Which of the following accurately describes a characteristic of the U.K. electoral system?
Majority popular vote
Proportional representation system
Direct democracy system
Single member district plurality vote for the lower house
18
A major goal of both the EU and NAFTA is the establishment of
A free trade system
A regional parliament
A common currency
Common agricultural regulations
19
A significant difference between the Yeltsin & Putin administrations, domestically, is
Peaceful relations w/ Chechnya under Y, violent under P
Extensive media freedom under Y, less under P
Centrally planned economy under Y, free market under P
More decrees under Y, less under P
20
The current Supreme Leader of Iran is
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Ruhollah Khomeini
Hassan Rouhani
Ali Khameini
21
How long has the current regime in Nigeria been functioning?
Since 1999
Since 2010
Since 1970
Since 1960
22
The Mexican economy has struggled party because of its dependency on production/export of
Products for tourism
Wheat
Silver
Oil
23
A movement driven by the politics of ordinary citizens
Coup
Grassroots movement
Devolution
Democratization
24
When many groups are free to participate in the policy-making process:
Civil society
Pluralism
Transparency
Democratization
25
Economic policies establishing protective tariffs, subsidies for domestic industry
Import substitution policies
Economic liberalization
Structural adjustment policies
Mixed market economies
26
Process by which a policy issue or constitutional amendment is sent to the voters for approval
Liberal democracy
Cooptation
Democratization
Referendum
27
Nigeria's democratization process is best described as
A rejection of patrimonial rule
Successful effort to dismantle the prebendalist system
A process frequently interrupted by military intervention
A smooth transition from colonial to self-rule
28
A state where the government provides for people's basic needs, like medical care & pensions
A market economy
Communism
A welfare state
Post-materialist
29
Which is an accurate comparison of the Chinese Communist Party and the PRI in Mexico?
Neither controls the executive branch
Both have formed one-party systems in their countries
Neither dominate their nations' legislatures today
Both have been part of a multi-party system
30
Both Mexico and the United Kingdom belong to
NAFTA
The World Trade Organization
The European Union
NATO
31
People in Iran grew increasingly angry with the Shah for all of the following reasons except
Creation and use of SAVAK
Stifling of opposition groups & individuals
Strong GDP growth
Unequal distribution of income
32
Methods by which someone is influenced in developing their views about government/politics
Civil society
Political socialization
Political recruitment
Dependency theory
33
Which country is most likely to enjoy a flourishing civil society?
A country with frequent coups
A country in which most accept the "rules of the game"
A country with political and economic development
A country in which independent interest groups thrive
34
Which AP Comp nations use first-past-the-post in at least some of their elections?
The U.K., Russia, China, & Mexico
The U.K., Russia, Mexico, Nigeria, & Iran
The U.K., Russia, China, & Nigeria
The United Kingdom only
35
The UK is organized as a
Authoritarian unitary system
Federal system similar to the U.S.
Unitary system with devolution/some federal features
Hybrid system
36
Which of the following is responsible for "vetting" candidates for political office in Iran?
Majlis
Expediency Council
Assembly of Religious Experts
Guardian Council
37
The Westminster model of representative government differs from presidential models most in its
Legislative sovereignty
Use of proportional election procedures
Federal structure
Publicly funded election campaigns
38
A market economy differs from a command economy in that a market economy
Has production goals set by the central government
Guarantees high levels of employment
Controls wages & prices
Relies on the profit motive & competition
39
The stated goal of the Communist party of Russia was
Equality of output
Equality among Communist party members
Equality of opportunity
Equality of results
40
The social cleavage that most influenced the organization of Russia into the "federation" was
Rural/urban differences
Nationality
Social class
Religion
41
Recently, Russia has been accused of violating the sovereignty of which neighboring country?
Chechnya
Moldova
Crimea
Ukraine
42
In China, fang shou refers to what?
A "loosening/tightening" process of political freedom
Personal connections
The list of those eligible for office in the communist party
The system restricting movement from rural to urban areas
43
Which government programs in 20th century China were most inspired by the Soviet Union?
Five Year Plans
Great Leap Forward
Deng Xiaoping Theory
Cultural Revolution
44
In Iran, the head of the judiciary is
Appointed by the Guardian Council
Chosen by majority vote in the Assembly of Religious Experts
Appointed by the Supreme Leader
Appointed by the president, affirmed by Guardian Council
45
Which best describes women's political participation in the developing world?
Political participation is generally prohibited
Women are not interested in politics in the developing world
Traditional cultural values often limit participation
Rural women participate more than urban women do
46
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Labour Party?
It supports government involvement in the economy
It is center-left
It favors government support for social welfare programs
It supports privatization of medical services
47
The total value of goods and services produced within a given country
Per capita GDP
GNP
HDI
GDP
48
One similarity between today's Russian Duma and China's National People's Congress is that both
Play a significant role in policy making
Banned women from becoming representatives
Been dominated by a single political party
Taken a lead role in environmental issues
49
Which of the following is the best example of a parastatal in Mexico?
NAFTA
Camarillas
America Movil
PEMEX
50
A measure of a country's standard of living, including health and education
GDP adjusted for PPP
HDI
GDP
Gini index
51
Like Iran, an important source of legitimacy in Nigeria's northern region has been
Shari'a
The constitution
Revolutionary ideals
Family traditions
52
Which of the following do Nigeria and China have in common
A majority in both countries are Christian
A majority in both countries are Muslim
Both countries have a vibrant and free media
A significant degree of corruption
53
As countries enter into free trade agreements (like NAFTA) there is greater demand on them to
Plan their economies centrally
Allow for bottom-up political participation
Adopt proportional representation systems
Revise economic policies to favor international trade
54
A "hybrid regime" is one that
Has a mid-range comparative per capita PPP
Has characteristics of both authoritarianism and democracy
Is in danger of political or economic collapse
Mixes capitalism and socialism
55
Where/when do lobbyists most likely begin to try influencing public policy in the U.K.?
Lobbying minority leadership
Lobbying the monarch
Lobbying Cabinet members before legislation introduced
Lobbying the Prime Minister directly
56
Which of the following appoints the Supreme Leader?
The Assembly of Experts
The Council of Ministers
The Guardian Council
The Expediency Council
57
One function of the Expediency Council in Iran is to
Serve as advisers to the Supreme Leader
Serve as the president's Cabinet
Serve as the highest court for religious issues
Serve as a sort of "upper house" of the legislature
58
An apparent connection between variables
Correlation
Cooptation
Corporatism
Causation
59
The network of camarillas that characterized the Mexican system in the 20th century was
Pluralism
Patron-clientalism
Parastatal
Privatization
60
To political scientists, a "nation" means
A group of people ruled by one leader
A group of people living in one country
A group of people who share a common identity
A group of people living in a certain geographic area
61
A cadre list would be used for which of the following?
Socialism
Perestroika
Federalism
Nomenklatura
62
Which of the following accurately compares Russian and Mexican elections/voting for president?
Both: presidents have six year terms, but no reelection
Mexico: must win with majority; Russia: win with plurality
Both: president must win by a majority vote
Mexico: may win with plurality; Russia: must have majority
63
Who pushed to nationalize the oil industry in Iran?
Ayatollah Khomeini
Hassan Rouhani
The Shah
Mohammad Mossadeq
64
Which of the following best describes the Nigerian population
Dominated by Christians
Well-educated
Ethnically diverse but monolingual
Ethnically, religiously, and linguistically diverse
65
Which of the following is not a major political party in Nigeria?
PDP (People's Democratic Party)
ANPP (All Nigeria People's Party)
ACN (Action Congress of Nigeria)
PRN (People's Republic of Nigeria)
66
Which of the following makes Iran a "rentier state"?
Its authoritarian leadership
Its export of oil to foreign nations leasing its oil lands
Its status as a Shi'a nation
Its underdeveloped infrastructure
67
The European Council is made up of
Ministers of State
Specially elected representatives from individual countries
Heads of State
Parliament members
68
A federal system is best defined as having
Checks and balances
A centralized source of government authority
A division of power between regional and national government
Separation of powers
69
What did the 20th century revolutions in China, Russia, and Mexico have in common?
They all brought a quick end to violence
They all sought to overthrow weak governments
They all resulted in a one-party state
They were all based on Marxist ideology
70
One key challenge to U.K. sovereignty in recent years has been
Religious cleavages
Lack of natural resources
Membership in the E.U.
Economic disparity
71
Which of the following is an example of a role political parties play in the U.K. legislature?
The PM is chosen by the majority party in Commons
Parties have a minor role since there is a fusion of powers
Parties evenly divide seats in the Commons
Parties are awarded seats proportionally
72
Can the U.K. Supreme Court declare a law unconstitutional?
Yes, but only in cases approved by the Prime Minister
No
Yes, but only in cases involving EU human rights issues
Yes
73
The organization of the Russian Federation into some "autonomous regions" is based mostly on
Ethnicity
Social class
Religion
Economic differences
74
Which pairs of legislative houses are meant to represent regions in their countries?
Mexico's Senate and Russia's Federation Council
Britain's House of Commons and the Mexican Senate
The Mexican Chamber of Deputies and China's Congress
Britain's House of Lords and the Russian Duma
75
The President of China is formally selected by?
Vote of the Politburo
Election by the National People's Congress
Appointment by the CCP
Direct election
76
Which of the following countries is more developed in the north than in the south?
China
Mexico
Nigeria
Russia
77
In contrast to civil society in Great Britain, civil society in Russia is
More oriented toward political participation
Less characterized by conflict
Relatively underdeveloped
Less influenced by state authority
78
One reason ethnic conflict in China has been relatively limited is
Most Chinese are Buddhist pacifists and won't revolt
Small population & geographic isolation of ethnic minorities
Most Chinese are happy to have a strong, powerful state
Tibet is the only problem area under Chinese control
79
The ability to make and enforce public policy without answering to a higher power
Judicial review
Sovereignty
Common law
Liberal democracy
80
All of the following were components of the "White Revolution" except
Increased emphasis on Islamic principles
Land reform for peasants
Infrastructure development
Expansion of educational opportunities
81
Who pushed to nationalize the oil industry in Iran?
Ayatollah Khomeini
Mohammad Mossadeq
Hassan Rouhani
The Shah
82
Which of the following is the most powerful seat of political power in China?
The National People's Congress
Politburo Standing Committee
Central Committee
National Party Congress
83
During recent elections, which region has been most reliably supportive of PRD candidates?
Mexico City
Southern Mexico
Northern Mexico
The Yucatan peninsula
84
Unlike most advanced democracies, the United Kingdom does not have a
Plurality electoral system
Head of state
Parliamentary system
Written constitution
85
In Iran, formal political parties are less important than reformist and conservative coalitions
True
False
86
Which British PM promoted the concept of a "third way"?
David Cameron
Gordon Brown
Margaret Thatcher
Tony Blair
87
A state that gains a significant portion of its revenue by leasing resources to foreign nations
Cooptation
Rentier state
Corporatism
Command economy
88
Which of the following best characterizes the Iranian Revolution of 1979?
Prolonged nation-wide guerilla uprising
Bloodless coup that installed military regime
Strategy of terrorist attacks on Tehran, other urban areas
Short fairly non-violent upheaval w/ support of middle class
89
Which of the following best describes newspapers in Nigeria?
Newspapers are widely available and depended on heavily
There are no newspapers
Newspapers are controlled by the state
They are available, but literacy & language limit importance
90
In which types of national votes can Russians participate
Duma elections only
Presidential elections only
Presidential and Duma elections only
Presidential, Duma, and referenda elections only
91
What is meant by velayat e' faqih?
The switch from common law to civil law
The Revolutionary Guard protect the Supreme Leader
The head of the judiciary interprets the Constitution
Clerical leaders act as custodians of the people and nation
92
Which of the following is someone in the southern part of Mexico most likely to support?
The PAN
The PRI
The PRD
The PRC
93
Which of the following is/are the best indicator(s) of a successful transition to democracy?
One political party dominates
Judges defer to elected officials on constitutional issues
Electoral competition, citizen participation, rule of law
Several political parties merge to form one centrist party
94
Which of the following is true of a coalition government?
It systematically excludes minority voices from government
Tends to result from fragmented legislature, can be unstable
Is an ideal of a majoritarian democracy
Tends to result from first-past-the post voting system
95
Which of the following best describes Mexico's PAN prior to presidential victory in 2000?
Won several gubernatorial elections in northern Mexico
Avoided electoral politics
Sought a national alliance with the PRD
Focused efforts on growing support among ethnic natives
96
One similarity between the PMs of Great Britain and Russia is that both
May be removed by a vote of no confidence in the lower house
Have the ability to dissolve their legislatures
Are the head of the head of the majority in the lower house
Must be directly elected by a majority vote
97
Which of the following ensures laws are compatible with Islam & serves as an "upper house"?
The Council of Ministers
The Assembly of Experts
The Guardian Council
The Expediency Council
98
Which of the following countries have economies that are heavily dependent on oil?
Nigeria, Iran, Mexico
China, Russia, Nigeria
China, Nigeria, Iran
Russian, Britain, Mexico
99
When a court has the power to overturn a law passed by the legislature
Code law
Referendum
Judicial review
Common law
100
Which of the following countries is actively trying to boost its population?
Iran
Russia
China
The United Kingdom
101
Parties are represented in the legislature according to the percentage of votes received
First-past-the-post
Referenda
Single member districts
Proportional representation
102
How did revolutions in Russia and China compare?
Both resulted in democratization
China's was more rapid
In both, Marxism defined the end goal
Russia's was more factionalized than China's
103
Which of the following does not contribute to political legitimacy in the British regime?
Accountability created by free, competitive elections
Limits on free press by the Official Secrets Act
The monarch as head of state
Public question time of ministers in the House of Commons
104
The main purpose of the IFE (Instituto Federal Electoral) is to
Encourage media coverage of elections
Assure honest and accurate election results
Discourage election monitoring by opposition parties
Register citizens to vote
105
The Federation Council of Russia has which of the following powers?
Approve the president's choice of prime minister
Call new elections for the Duma
Ratify treaties and issue a suspensive veto
Approve presidential decrees and appoint judges
106
How has the European Union affected its member countries?
An increase in military power
A reduction in sovereignty
Less trade between European neighbors
Greater unemployment
107
What is "collectivization"?
Elimination of most private property
The creation of Special Economic Zones
Privatization of most sectors of the economy
The shift from communism to capitalism
108
In the 1980s, both Mexico and China experienced significant
Regime changes
Political revolutions
Liberalization of the political system
Privatization of the economy
109
Where is shari'a law practiced?
Iran Nigeria, and parts of China
Iran only
Iran, and parts of Nigeria and Russia
Iran and parts of Nigeria
110
All of the following are responsibilities of the Majlis except
Debating legislation
Passing legislation
Approval of the Supreme Leader
Approval of the budget
111
A formula that measures economic inequality within a country
Per capita GDP
GDP adjusted for PPP
HDI
Gini Coefficient
112
Who sought to reduce the semi-absolute rule of the Shah to make Iran a full democracy?
Ayatollah Khomeini
Reza Khan
Mohammad Mossadeq
Hassan Rouhani
113
Methods for identifying, training, & selecting those who will serve in government
Political socialization
Dependency theory
Political recruitment
Political culture
114
This Treaty established the Three Pillars of the European Union
Maastricht
Lisbon
Paris
Rome
115
This is a system with both democratic and authoritarian elements
A substantive democracy
An underdeveloped country
A mixed-market economy
A hybrid regime
116
Russia's president may serve
Two successive 6-year terms
Two successive 6-year terms, may "repeat"
Two successive 4-year terms
Indefinitely
117
Who pushed to nationalize the oil industry in Iran?
Mohammad Mossadeq
Ayatollah Khomeini
The Shah
Hassan Rouhani
118
A person of Spanish and American Indian descent is
Mestizo
Spaniard
Amerindian
Mexicano
119
This effort to speed up China's development and catch up economically led to massive famine
SEZs
The Great Proletarian Revolution
The Great Leap Forward
The Iron Rice Bowl
120
The Pendulum Effect best describes Mexican government between
1910 and 1934
1870 and 1910
1970s through the 1990s
1934 through the 1970s
121
In Mexico, the election of 2000 was notable mainly because it reflected the fact that
The economy was becoming less stable
The military had lost control of the political system
It produced more violence than previous elections had
A multi-party system was replacing a one-party system
122
Iran is a hybrid of
Theocracy and feudalism
Theocracy and democracy
Monarchy and democracy
Neo-liberalism and free-market capitalism
123
This world leader alienated Iran after 9/11 with the "Axis of Evil" speech
George W. Bush
Barack Obama
Bill Clinton
George H.W. Bush
124
Public access to media in the U.K. is best described as
Open with some limitations imposed by the government
Access is severely restricted
Accessible to all, including social media
Accessible to all, except television, which is state-run
125
Groups and organizations that connect government to its citizens
Linkage institutions
Coinciding cleavage
NGOs
Grassroots movements
126
Trade barriers or restrictions on financial transactions imposed on a country are called
Parastatals
Tariffs
Structural adjustment policies
Sanctions
127
This Kuomintang leader fled to Taiwan (o.k., Ethan, "Chinese Taipei")
Sun Yat-sen
Chiang Kai-shek
Jiang Zemin
Mao Zedong
128
Who is the current president of China?
Xi Jinping
Mao Zedong
Jiang Zemin
Hu Jintao
129
Which of the following most directly caused the Islamic Revolution in Iran?
Rejection of the Shah's pro-western policies
Urban/rural clashes
Lack of modernization
Isolationist policies
130
Which of the following is not an indicator of high levels of development?
High GDP
High life expectancy
Low birthrate
High infant mortality rates
131
Which of the following best describes energy policy in an AP Comp country?
Iran no longer relies heavily on oil to fund its economy
China produces enough oil to be self-sufficient
Nigerian oil revenues are distributed equally to citizens
Mexico exports most of its oil to the United States
132
The president is both Head of State and Head of Government in which of the following?
Mexico and Russia
Nigeria and Mexico
Iran and Mexico
China and Nigeria
133
The history, values, beliefs, and traditions that influence political behaviors
Political culture
Political socialization
Political recruitment
The nation-state
134
Timing of UK elections are generally determined by which of the following?
A non-partisan electoral commission sets the dates
Citizens decide in a referendum
The PM can call elections any time in a 5-year period
Elections are set by law, except in specific circumstances
135
What is a major problem with the bureaucracy in Nigeria?
Corruption is pervasive
There is no functioning bureaucracy in Nigeria
The civil service is understaffed
The civil service is controlled by the military
136
When groups, such as business, labor, interest groups work closely with gov't in policy-making
Command economies
Rentier states
Cooptation
Corporatism
137
Who was the first president of the Chinese Republic?
Sun Yat-sen
Jiang Zemin
Wen Jibao
Hu Jintao
138
Economy with little government control, where wages & prices are determined by supply & demand
Market economy
Command economy
Economic liberalization
Communism
139
System where agricultural production decisions are made by individual farmers based on profit
Guanxi
Collectivism
Household responsibility system
Fang shou
140
What did Mao Zedong call the command economy of China from 1949 to 1976?
Special Economic Zones
The Socialist Market Economy
The Iron Rice Bowl
A free-market economy
141
Which of the following is the biggest source of Iranian distrust of the U.S.?
The 1953 coup supported by the CIA
The Iran-Iraq war
Its financial support of the Khomeini regime
The 1979 revolution supported by the CIA
142
In China, Mexico, and Nigeria, patron-clientalism has almost always been accompanied by
Religious conflict
Fragmentation of government
Coalition governments
Corruption
143
A form of government where politics and religion are intertwined
Theocracy
Authoritarianism
Illiberal democracy
Marxism
144
Which of the AP Comp 6 has the largest legislature?
Russia
China
Mexico
United Kingdom
145
Historically, compared to government bureaucrats in Mexico, government bureaucrats in the UK
Had much more discretionary power
Are generally more corrupt
Must bow to the will of Cabinet members
Are less likely to stay in their jobs under a new Cabinet
146
Which of the following was encouraged under Deng Xiaoping?
Private enterprise
Command economics
The Great Leap Forward
Collectivism
147
Why are non-governmental organizations (NGOs) important in developing countries?
They provide support to the nation's leaders
They provide vital social services
They run the government
They provide political stability
148
One important change in China in the post-Mao era has been the
Elimination of private enterprise
Encouraging more foreign investment in the national economy
Banning of military participation in official policy-making
Legalizing meaningful competition among political parties
149
Which of the following is true of the Mexican Constitution?
It establishes autonomous regions for native peoples
It provides for broad involvement from the Catholic Church
It declares all subsoil rights are property of the nation
It eliminates quotas for female legislators
150
Views about policy-making, the government's role, the pace of change, freedom & equality
Political attitudes
Political socialization
Political recruitment
Political ideology
151
An important goal of Yeltsin's "shock therapy" in the 1990s was to create a(n)
Free-market economy
Democratic republic
Oligarchy
Market-based socialist economy
152
China and the Soviet Union both conduct(ed) elite recruitment through
Nomenklatura
Five year plans
Direct popular elections
The hukuo system
153
"Political culture" is
A complex social networking system
A person's set of core beliefs about government policies
Patronage
Widely shared political beliefs, attitudes, & values
154
Which of the following Mexican presidents ran as PRI candidates?
Vicente Fox and Enrique Peňa Nieto
Andrés Manuel López Obrador and Lazaro Cárdenas
Ernesto Zedillo and Enrique Peňa Nieto
Vicente Fox and Ernesto Zedillo
155
People of which of the following faiths do not have reserved seats in the Majlis?
Zoroastrianism
Christianity
Baha'i
Judaism
156
Voluntary social organizations outside of government representing various interests
Political recruitment
Civil society
Liberal democracy
Political culture
157
One significant impact of the Shah's "White Revolution" was that it
Weakened the army
Abolished private property
Secularized the society
Created a theocracy
158
Mexican and Nigerian political cultures differ in which of the following ways?
Mexico: strong nationalism; Nigeria: strong ethnic identity
Nigeria: personal freedom important; Mexico: no freedom
Mexico: support military; Nigeria: anti-military rule
Mexico: gender equality important; Nigeria: women inferior
159
Which of the following had a major role in regime change in Nigeria from 1960-1999?
HIV epidemic
Terrorist actions
Famine
Military coups
160
Which of the following is not a political issue in the U.K. with respect to cleavages?
Geographic isolation
Social welfare
Ethnic changes
Economic prosperity
161
In 1997, the U.K. ceded what territory to China after the end of a 100-year lease?
Taiwan
Hong Kong
Macau
Shanghai
162
Today, the primary ethnic cleavage in Mexico is between
Europeans and mestizos
Spanish and natives
Mestizos and Amerindians
Europeans and Amerindians
163
All of the following statements about the National People's Congress are true except
Representation is chosen on a geographical basis
Minority groups are guaranteed some representation
It represents people from all levels of society
It is a significant policy-making institution
164
Hukuo restrictions in China have mostly heavily impacted
Population growth
Trade with other countries
The government's ability to tax citizens
Rural to urban migration
165
Which of the following social groups is most likely to protest in China?
Urban intellectuals
Members of the People's Liberation Army (PLA)
Farmers in rural areas
Middle-class entrepreneurs
166
Unlike the president of Mexico, the president of Russia has the power to
Rule by decree
Dissolve the upper house of the legislature
Appoint court judges
Appoint cabinet members
167
What are the technocrats?
Those who monitor internet communications in China
Technologically skilled people with power in China
Tech-skilled people mocked in the Cultural Revolution
Political elites that discourage use of technology
168
The majority ethnic group in China is
Tibetan
Mongol
Uyghur
Han
169
Which of the following is an accurate statement about the CCP and public policy issues?
CCP leadership is elected in open elections
CCP encourages couples to have several children
CCP is responsive to the needs of ethnic minorities
CCP has ignored environmental issues to focus on the economy
170
In both Mexico and Russia, the Supreme Court has
Judicial review only in theory
No basis in the nation's constitution
No appellate authority
Complete independence from the executive branch
171
Which of the following is a major exporter of oil?
Iran, U.K., and China
Iran, Mexico, and Nigeria
Iran, China, and Russia
Iran, Nigeria, and China
172
How are candidates chosen for elections in Nigeria?
They are nominated by political parties
They are nominated by the people
They are nominated by the military
They are approved by the president
173
A corporation owned or partially owned and controlled by the government is a
Basij
Guanxi
Parastatal
Bonyad
174
What is the highest legislative body in the People's Republic of China?
Politiburo
National People's Congress
Politburo Standing Committee
Provincial Congress
175
What is a nomenklatura?
A list of those who have served in the government
A list of important positions & people to fill them
A list of the wealthiest people in a state
A list of dissidents among the citizenry
176
"Black cat, white cat, what does it matter, as long as it catches mice," is associated with
Maoism
Deng Xiaoping Theory
The mandate of heaven
The primary goal of the Cultural Revolution
177
In contrast to the UK, Mexico's political history is more often characterized by
Social class differences
Multi-national conflicts
Gradualism and tradition
Instability and legitimacy issues
178
Which faction within the CCP is most opposed to democratization?
Liberals
Reformers
Conservatives
179
The political party most associated with Vladimir Zhirinovsky is (the)
United Russia
Yabloko
Liberal Democratic Party
Communist Party
180
During the 1980s, both China and Great Britain did which of the following?
Heightened authoritarian rule
Imposed stricter punishment for political dissidents
Promoted free markets and private profit incentives
Encouraged environmental movements
181
Bonyads in Iran are most similar to what kind of organization in the U.K.?
The House of Commons
QUANGOs
The Scottish National Party
Nomenklatura
182
Which of the following countries has the most homogeneous populations?
Russia
Mexico
Iran
China
183
The transition from an authoritarian system to a liberal democracy
Democratization
Cooptation
Devolution
Economic liberalization
184
Which of the following is not part of Great Britain?
Wales
Northern Ireland
England
Scotland
185
In comparison to the party system in Russia, the party system in Mexico is
Weaker and more fluid
More fluid, more likely based on individuals than ideology
More competitive
Less supportive of women candidates
186
China's role in global politics has
Declined as China concentrated on domestic economic growth
Been based on spreading civil liberties and human rights
Grown as its ability to extend its military power has grown
Grown as its economic power has grown
187
A characteristic of the political culture that explains Britain's attitude towards the EU is
Multinationalism
Cultural homogeneity
Noblesse oblige
Insularity
188
The Constitution of 1979 was created by a directly-elected 73-man group of clerics called the
Guardian Council
Majlis
Assembly of Religious Experts
Revolutionary Guard
189
Which of the following pairs of countries are unitary states?
Iran and China
Russia and China
Britain and Russia
Mexico and Iran
190
Which of the following is an accurate comparison of northern and southern Mexico?
There are few socioeconomic differences between the regions
The north is more supportive of a market-based economy
A larger proportion of southern people live in urban areas
Larger numbers of Amerindians live in the north
191
Approximately what was the growth rate of China's GDP from 1990-2009?
3%
8%
-2%
25%
192
Which of the following pairs of countries have federal systems?
Mexico and Nigeria
China and Russia
Great Britain and Nigeria
Great Britain and Russia
193
In 1979, the vast majority of Iranians supported...
Joining the United Nations
Replacing the monarchy with an Islamic Republic
Replacing the Ayatollah with the Shah
A secular constitution
194
The two religions that have intensified ethnic conflict in Nigeria are
Islam and Christianity
Islam and Judaism
Christianity and Baha'i
Hinduism and Christianity
195
PRI-controlled governments after 1929 all generally practiced
Totalitarianism
Neoliberalism
Interest group pluralism
State corporatism
196
The current prime minister of Russia is
Mikhael Khodorkovsky
Dmitry Medvedev
Vladimir Zhirinovsky
Vladimir Putin
197
Which of the following tribal groups in Nigeria are Muslim?
Igbo
Hausa
Yoruba
Ijaw
198
In recent years, all of the following reforms have been instituted in China except
Competitive village elections
Creation of special economic zones
Mandatory retirement ages for most national leaders
Creation of an independent judiciary
199
Which of the following sets have federal systems of government?
Mexico, Russia, and China
Great Britain, Russia, and Mexico
Iran, Great Britain, and Nigeria
Nigeria, Russia, and Mexico
200
Which of the following is untrue about women in Iran?
The form the majority of college students
The represent nearly half of professional positions
The form a majority in the Majlis
The are required to wear a hijab in public
201
Approximately how many members are in the CCP?
About 1 million
All voting-eligible citizens of China
About 500 million
About 80 million
202
Who had become China's most powerful leader by 1978?
Mao Zedong
Sun Yat-sen
Deng Xiaoping
Jiang Zemin
203
The "iron rice bowl"
Gave cradle-to-grave benefits to workers
Was established by Sun Yat Sen
Privatized major sectors of the Chinese economy
Was designed to benefit the leaders of the Communist Party
204
Political and economic change in Britain has long been characterized by
Resistance to reform
Gradualism
Coups d'etat
Revolutions
205
Which was not a measure imposed by Putin between 2000 & 2015?
Devolving power to republics in the Caucasus
Increasing restrictions on the media
Changing the electoral system for the Duma
Establishing presidential appointments of governors
206
Which of the following best describes the legislature & electoral system in Russia?
Bicameral; areas send 2 to upper house, lower prop. rep.
Unicameral; PR with 5% threshold
Unicameral; 1st-past-the-post, SMDs
Bicameral; areas send 2 to upper house, lower both PR & SMD
207
Russia's economy is most dependent on
Agricultural products
Coal reserves
Oil and gas reserves
International trade, especially with China
208
Which of the following countries are considered rentier states?
China and Iran
Iran and Nigeria
Nigeria and Russia
China and Russia
209
People in the United Kingdom tend to vote based on all of the following except
Union membership
Religion
Party identification
Geographic location
210
Iran and China share which of the following institutional arrangements?
Federal division of power
Single-party rule
A national assembly with only limited power over laws
A president who serves for life
211
A potential problem associated with using GNP when doing comparative research is
It includes value of goods produced outside the country
There is no uniform measure of GNP across countries
It only counts market value of final goods & services
It tells us nothing about economic or human conditions
212
The ability of citizens to know what government officials are doing and how money is spent
Civil society
Political culture
Transparency
Liberal democracy
213
The AP Comp nation with the highest Gini coefficient
Nigeria
Mexico
The United Kingdom
Iran
214
Between 1966 and 1993, Nigeria experienced a
Decline in the influence of patron-client networks
Resurgence in its dependency on Britain
Series of military coups
Successful parliamentary-style government
215
Who led the People's Republic of China from 1949 until 1976?
Deng Xiaoping
Chiang Kai-shek
Mao Zedong
Sun Yat-sen
216
The area of the E.U. where nations have eliminated passport restrictions & border controls is
The Schengen Area
The EEC
The FIFA Zone
The Maastricht Area
217
The Tiananmen Square incident was provoked by all of the following except
Unprecedented market growth under market socialism
Reforms in the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev
A belief that market reforms might lead to political reforms
The belief that China should allow a more democratic system
218
Which of the following best describes the role of civil society groups in Nigeria?
Independent groups are not allowed
Civil society groups are controlled by a corporatist system
There are many, and they have a great deal of influence
They are small and relatively weak
219
In 2016, Putin altered the electoral process for the Duma; in what way?
Change to all FPTP, based on SMDs
Change from proportional rep. ⇒ part proportional, part FPTP
Change to all proportional representation
Allowing only members of his party to be seated in the Duma
220
Which of the following is evidence that Nigeria is organized as a federal system?
The existence of shari'a courts in the north
The regime has a constitution
The heavy dependence on oil revenues
Its presidential system
221
This group represents the factory workers of Iran and their concerns
Foundation for the Oppressed and Disabled
OPEC
Workers' House
Bonyads
222
The maquiladora district produces goods primarily for
The people of southern Mexico
Consumers in the United States
People in Mexico City and surrounding areas
Upper class Mexicans who live in the North
223
Transparency in government is important for combating
Economic inequality
Corruption
Devolution
Political party conflicts
224
Which of the following two tribal groups are predominantly Muslim?
Yoruba
Fulani
Igbo
Hausa
225
According to the Russian Constitution, the president has what power over the legis. branch?
He can declare Duma elections void
He can appoint representatives to the Duma
He can dissolve the Duma
He can change the # of representatives for a region
226
Who is the current president of China?
Mao Zedong
Xi Jinping
Jiang Zemin
Hu Jintao
227
Since 1978, the Chinese government has generally supported a move towards a trade policy of
Closed borders
Protectionism
Mercantilism
Free trade
228
What change did the 1911 Parliament act make to the way government functions in the U.K.?
It allowed for women to be elected to the House of Commons
It eliminated "rotten boroughs"
It removed most hereditary peers in the House of Lords
It stripped the House of Lords of most significant power
229
In communist societies, nomenklatura is a process followed for
Military intervention
Allocation of economic goods
Trade with foreign nations
Recruitment of elites into important positions
230
Which of the following have veto power over legislation passed by the Majlis?
The Assembly of Religious Experts and Expediency Council
The Guardian Council and the president
The president and the Supreme Leader
The Guardian Council and the Supreme Leader
231
Which of the following best describes global trends in domestic policies?
There are more communist regimes since the late 1990s
There are more states turning to authoritarian leadership
There are more democracies than a decade ago
More countries are choosing to return to monarchies
232
Why did the U.K. establish a separate supreme court?
To comply with NATO requirements
To meet EU requirements to provide an independent judiciary
To improve transparency within the judicial system
To create a federal system of government
233
Which of the following is a "technocrat"?
Mao Zedong
Deng Xiaoping
Xi Jinping
Chiang Kai Shek
234
The overthrow and replacement of a regime based upon broad popular support
Revolution
Devolution
Grassroots movements
Coup
235
Which is the best explanation for why civil society struggled under Ahmadinejad's presidency?
Internet activism
Increased economic well-being
Iranian disinterest in politics
Political suppression and tight security controls
236
A major reason the CCP, government executives, & legislatures are parallel systems is that
More Party & government jobs help reduce unemployment
The structure keeps the CCP intimately involved in governing
The Constitution requires it
Government leaders & legislators are better educated
237
The electoral system in the U.K. tends to
Exaggerate the scale of victory of the largest party
Favor regional parties over national parties
Set parliamentary seat allocation as a percentage of votes
Typically result in minority or coalition governments
238
Which group is assigned to investigate Iran for compliance with JCPOA?
The International Atomic Energy Agency
The UN Security Council
The United States
The European Union
239
The primary goal of the Cultural Revolution was to
Seize power from Mao Zedong
Establish a communist regime in China
Purify the CCP and nation through ideological transformation
Establish military rule in China
240
The AP Comp nation with the highest reported poverty rate
China
Iran
Mexico
Nigeria
241
The primary purpose of the 1929 agreement to impose the sexeňo was to
Encourage development of a multi-party system
Bring stability through "passing power through the leaders"
Provide support for the new constitution
Keep the leader of the PRI from becoming a dictator
242
Which of the following is the most important agent of political socialization in most nations?
School
The media
The family
Religious leaders
243
In contrast to most "western" nations, Russia has a stronger tradition of
Authoritarian leadership
Individualism
Civil society
Separation of church and state
244
Collective farms, Five-Year plans, and the Gosplan were all established by
Vladimir Lenin
Nikita Khrushchev
Joseph Stalin
Mikhail Gorbachev
245
The fundamental norms & rules established by administrations in a state over time
Civil society
Rentier state
Political ideology
Regime
246
System with political competition, economic freedom, civil rights & liberties, & transparency
Illiberal/procedural democracy
Liberal/substantive democracy
Authoritarian state
Rentier state
247
An illiberal democracy is defined as
A country that lacks free trade
Gov't hold elections, but restricts civil rights/liberties
Country experiencing high levels of economic growth
Nation claims to be democratic, but doesn't allow elections
248
What is China's economy considered to be?
Socialist market
Pure market
Command
Libertarian
249
Which of the following identifies two basic elements of all modern representative democracies?
A written constitution, separation of powers
Free and fair elections, broad suffrage
Free speech, private ownership of all industry
Proportional representation, separation of exec/leg power
250
If the Duma rejects a president PM appointee three times
The Duma appoints the PM
The president must select a different PM candidate
The president may dissolve the Duma
The Constitutional Court determines the PM
251
Who pushed to nationalize the oil industry in Iran?
Mohammad Mossadeq
Ayatollah Khomeini
The Shah
Hassan Rouhani
252
One of the primary functions of Russia's Constitutional Court is to
Oversee the impeachment process
Validate election results
Amend the Constitution
Exercise judicial review
253
Winner-take-all; whoever wins the most votes get the one available seat in the election
Single member districts
First-past-the-post
Parliamentary system
Proportional representation
254
In traditional China before the 20th century, an important source of political legitimacy was
Confucian philosophy
The mass line
Collectivism
Democratic centralism
255
The United Kingdom holds elections every
3 years
6 years
5 years
10 years
256
How is the relationship between China and Hong Kong described?
One country, one system
One country, two systems
Two countries, one system
Two countries, two systems
257
For which of the following are women eligible in Iran?
Expediency Council
Guardian Council
Majlis
Assembly of Religious Experts
258
In contrast to Great Britain, Russia's political culture puts more emphasis on
Civil society
State authority
The importance of nationality
Insularity
259
A bonyad is not
A fenced in area of Boston to keep farm animals
The Iranian morality police
Subsidized by the government
A charitable organization exempt from taxes
260
The Russian political system established by the Constitution of 1993 is best described as
A unitary system
A confederal system
A parliamentary-presidential system
A parliamentary system
261
In which countries is the media controlled or heavily regulated by the state?
Russia, China, Iran
Iran, Russia, Mexico
China, Iran, Nigeria
China, Iran, Nigeria
262
Russia, Mexico, Iran, and Nigeria all have
Long histories of military rule
A free press
Unitary systems of government
Directly elected presidents
263
All of the following are true about the president of Iran except
May not serve more than 2 consecutive terms
Must be elected by majority vote
Acts as head of the armed forces
Is the head of government
264
China's rapid industrialization of the past 30 years has done which of the following?
Produced extensive environmental degradation and pollution
Increased types of social welfare benefits citizens receive
Narrowed the gap between rich and poor
Limited the flow of migrant workers to urban areas
265
The founder of the Chinese Nationalist Party, Kuomintang
Sun Yat Sen
Sun Tzu
Chiang Kai Shek
Mao Zedong
266
Which of the following traditions in China most emphasizes respect for traditional roles?
Maoism
Confucianism
Daoism
Socialist market economy
267
The last significant change in the regime of the U.K. was
The change from an adversarial to an inquisitorial court
The separation of the House of Lords as a separate branch
The change to an entirely proportional electoral system
Creating a supreme court separate from the legislature
268
Which of the following pairs of parties are generally regarded as parties of the left?
PRD in Mexico and Labour Party in the UK
CCP and PAN in Mexico
Green Party in the UK and PRI in Mexico
PRI in Mexico and United Russia
269
Protections that governments provide for ethnic, religious, gender, or minority groups
Political culture
Civil society
Civil liberties
Civil rights
270
Which of the following accurately describes the separation of powers in the U.K.?
There are three distinct branches of government
There is a fusion of all three branches of government
There is separation between executive and legislative only
There is some separation w/ creation of separate Supreme Ct
271
Political parties in the U.K. play a major role in policy-making because
They have a strong relationship with the monarch
Of the long-standing tradition of common law
The majority party forms the Government in the Commons
They are organized around charismatic leaders
272
Which of the following is the best definition of "state"
The ethnic loyalty of a population
Self-determination
Enduring political patterns from one leader to the next
The basic unit of political org. for a people in a territory
273
Pride on one's people, and the belief that they have their own unique political destiny
Civil society
Coinciding cleavage
Nationalism
Nation
274
Which of the following is not a characteristic of Maoism?
Egalitarianism
Struggle & activism
Collectivism
Individualism
275
The goal of the Great Proletarian Revolution was
Collectivization
Political "purification"
Privatization
Assimiliation
276
Globalization has had which of the following impacts?
Less pressure for nations to address human rights violations
A reduction of the Gini index in most countries
Less foreign direct investment in most countries
Greater wealth distribution worldwide
277
The greatest change in Mexican political history since 1950 was
The end of electoral fraud
The end of one-party dominance
Transformation from a socialist to a capitalist economy
The end of the camarillas system
278
Which of the following were characteristics of the "Great Leap Forward"?
A campaign to destroy the "4 pests"
Destruction of the "4 Olds"
Attacks on intellectuals
Backyard blast furnaces
279
In Mexico, mestizos are generally
More educated, less wealthy, and predominate in the north
More educated, wealthier, and predominate in the south
More educated, wealthier, and predominate in central regions
More educated, wealthier, and predominate in the north
280
The main check on the executive branch that the '93 Constitution gives the Duma is the power to
Reject the appointment of the PM
Issue decrees that have the force of law
Appoint the PM and Cabinet
Send exec. acts to Constitutional Court for judicial review
281
Iran and Nigeria differ in which of the following ways?
Nigeria relies on the export of oil, but Iran does not
Nigeria has regular elections, but Iran does not
Iran is a unitary state, Nigeria is a federal state
Iran's law is based on common law, Nigeria's on shari'a
282
Which of the following has been the most contentious issues between Mexico & the U.S. lately?
Immigration
Global warming
Trade relations
Acts of terrorism
283
Which of the following groups would most likely support Mexico's PRD?
Business owners
People who support the Catholic Church's role in politics
Urban workers
Large landowners
284
The political party most associated with Vladimir Putin is (the)
Liberal Democratic Party
Communist Party
United Russia
Yabloko
285
What government policies are designed to deal with cleavages based on nationality in the U.K.?
Patronage
Devolution
Isolationism
Exclusion
286
One similarity between the Russian and British systems is that both
Have a lower house as the more powerful policy-making body
Merge the positions of Head of State and Head of Government
Have the PM as head of the lower house of the legislature
Have an unwritten constitution
287
From 1980-1988, more than 500,000 Iranians were killed when _______ invaded Iran
Saddam Hussein
The United States
Saudi Arabia
Ayatollah Khomeini
288
The Supreme Council of Virtual Space in Iran restricts
The internet
Permits for political rallies
Access to television
Access to the black market
289
The process of expanding the interconnectedness among states, societies, and economies
Economic liberalization
Globalization
Dependency theory
Structural adjustment
290
In the U.K., the monarch serves primarily as
A final authority on matters of public policy
A symbol of national unity and political legitimacy
A reminder of Great Britain's former power and wealth
A mediator between competing political forces