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Chemistry Chapter 4 - Atoms and the Periodic Table Flashcards | StudBud
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Chemistry Chapter 4 - Atoms and the Periodic Table
Chemistry Chapter 4 - Atoms and the Periodic Table
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History of Atomic Theory, Atomic Structure, Periodic Table
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1
Stated if an apple were cut in half again & again you would arrive at something indivisible
Eric Stotle
Democritus
Aristotle
Thales
2
Noble Gases are found in group ____.
1
18
17
2
3
Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of __________ but differing number of __________.
n, p
p, e-
p, n
n, e-
4
In general, nonmetals
are liquids at room temperature
have high electrical and thermal conductivities
have low electrical and thermal conductivities
5
The atomic number of phosphorus (P) is
16.00
30.97
15
6
Ions have gained or lost
protons
neutrons
electrons
protons or electrons, depending on the type of ion
7
Gave us the first atomic model of the atom. The "Hard Sphere Model"
Thomson
Rutherford
Dalton
Lavosier
8
Isotopes have
different numbers of electrons
full valence shells
different numbers of protons
different numbers of neutrons
9
The horizontal rows of the periodic table are known as
series
groups
periods
10
Stated that atoms of different elements are different.
Thomson
Rutherford
Dalton
Lavoisier
11
Considered the "Father of Modern Chemistry"
Lavoisier
Thomson
Dalton
Rutherford
12
First to study matter
Romans
Egyptians
Greeks
Mayans
13
The majority of the elements in the periodic table are
metalloids
metals
nonmetals
14
For almost 100 years, the Law of Conservation of Mass was know as _________'s Law
Lavoisier
Thomson
Rutherford
Dalton
15
What unit is used to measure the mass of atoms?
g
mnu
lbs
amu
16
Gave us the "Plum Pudding Model" of the atom.
Thomson
Rutherford
Lavoisier
Dalton
17
The alkali metals are located ______ of the periodic table
in the far right column
in the far left column
in the middle
18
In general, metals
are brittle and dull in appearance
have high electrical and thermal conductivities
are gases at room temperature
19
Which of did not help Lavoisier's discover that mass is never created or destroyed?
consuming milk to determine diet's effect on health
spending a lot of money to have better equipment built
taking great care to measure accurately and precisely
sealing off experiments to collect even the gases produced
20
Discovered that 1/20,000 alphas particles bounced straight back toward the lead box
Rutherford
Thomson
Chadwick
Bohr
21
Neils Bohr envisioned electrons in set energy levels. What was his atomic model?
Nuclear
Planetary
Plum Pudding
Hard Sphere
22
What's wrong with this Bohr model of Chlorine?
number of electrons
arrangement of electrons
protons
neutrons
23
The image is an example of a(n)
Orbital Diagram
Bohr Diagram
Electron Configuration
Lewis Dot Diagram
24
Discovered the electron
Lavoisier
Dalton
Thomson
Rutherford
25
Gave us the "Nuclear Model" of the atom.
Rutherford
Dalton
Lavoisier
Thomson
26
The gold foil experiment performed in Rutherford's lab
utilized the deflection of beta particles by gold foil
was the basis for Thomson's model of the atom
led to the discovery of the atomic nucleus
confirmed the plum-pudding model of the atom
27
A precise amount of energy released or absorbed by an electron is called a
valence
proton
quanta
neutron
28
Electrons release photons as they move from the ______ state to the ______ state.
ground/excited
excited/ground
floor/ceiling
Republican/Democratic
29
The vertical columns of the periodic table are known as
series
groups
periods
30
The element with atomic number 12 is
manganese
carbon
magnesium
31
Who is credited with the Law of Definite Proportions
Thomson
Lavoisier
Dalton
Proust
32
Halogens are found in group ____.
2
1
18
17
33
Cathode rays are deflected away from a negatively charged plate because
they are emitted by all matter
they are negatively charged particles
they are neutral particles
they are positively charged particles
34
An atom which has a filled first and second energy level must be
neon
argon
oxygen
helium
35
The picture is a __________ of ____________.
Bohr model, Magnesium
Lewis Dot Diagram, Carbon
Bohr model, Carbon
Lewis Dot Diagram, Magnesium
36
What is the best description for the mass of an electron?
negative
1 amu
completely without mass
so light that we consider it massless
37
Elements that are malleable are
noble gases
halogens
metals
38
What particles led to James Chadwick's discovery of neutrons?
3 types of Hydrogen
protons and electrons
2 Neon atoms with different masses
Heavy water
39
Which type of particles are associated with radioactivity?
isotopes
ions
metalloids
transition metals
40
Cathode rays are
alpha particles
protons
neutrons
electrons
41
The most common physical state of the elements is
liquid
gaseous
solid
42
The series of elements that contains mostly man-made elements:
lanthanides
actinides
transition metals
43
Which was a reason scientist predicted the existence of protons?
Since e- were negative, atoms must have a positive particle.
The gold foil was too thin.
Neutrons alone were not heavy enough to make nuclei.
Electrons were too light to be most of the atom's mass.
44
Two atoms with different numbers of _______ would have to be different elements.
neutrons
electrons
energy levels
protons
45
Performed the "Gold Foil Experiment"
Rutherford
Thomson
Millikan
Chadwick
46
Alkaline earth metals are found in group ____.
18
1
17
2
47
Discovered that atoms are mostly empty space.
Thomson
Millikan
Rutherford
Chadwick
48
Hantaro Nagaoka is given credit for contributing to which model of the atom?
Planetary
Electron Cloud
Plum Pudding
Solid Ball
49
What indicated that electrons must be in distinct "energy levels" outside of the nucleus?
Gold Foil Experiment
Law of Conservation of Matter
Emission Spectra
Cathode Ray Tube
50
Electrons in the outermost principle energy levels are referred to as
Shielding Electrons
Valued Electrons
Valence Electrons
Binary Electrons
51
The rounded off number of protons and neutrons is known as
atomic mass
atomic number
mass number
isotope number
52
Stated that all atoms of a given element are identical.
Thomson
Dalton
Lavoisier
Rutherford
53
Stated all matter was made from earth, air, water, and fire.
Romans
Democritus
Dalton
Greeks
54
Which one of the following is not one of the postulates of Dalton's atomic theory?
Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons
Atoms unite and disunite in definite proportions
All matter is made up of indivisible particles called atoms
All atoms of the same element have the same mass.
55
The stair-step line running diagonally from aluminum to polonium divides the
lanthanides and actinides
metals and nonmetals
transition metals
56
The transition metals elements are located
in the central section of the periodic table.
on the left side of the periodic table.
on the right side of the periodic table.
57
Elements that have properties of both metals and nonmetals.
metalloids
transition metals
inert gases
58
Which is NOT a direct result of the energy differences between an atom's energy levels?
brightness of light when electrons fall to ground states
color of light emitted when electrons fall to ground states
energy given off when electrons return to ground states
amount of energy required to excite electrons
59
Discovered the neutron
Chadwick
Rutherford
Millikan
Thomson
60
The image is an example of a(n)
Lewis Dot Diagram
Bohr Diagram
Electron Configuration
Orbital Diagram
61
Performed the "Cathode Ray Tube Experiment"
Dalton
Lavoisier
Thomson
Rutherford
62
The basic building blocks of all substances are known as
elements
molecules
compounds
