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IB Biology: A3.2 Cladistics & A4.1 Evolution Flashcards | StudBud
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IB Biology: A3.2 Cladistics & A4.1 Evolution
IB Biology: A3.2 Cladistics & A4.1 Evolution
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1
Which of the following together form a clade?
B. brydei and B. borealis
B. physalus and B. bonaerensis
B. brydei and B. novaeagliae
B. physalus and B. musculus
2
Survival of fittest means?
the organism well suited to be the biggest and strongest
the organism that hits the gym the most
the organism that has undesirable traits
organisms with the best traits (adaptations) will survive and reproduce
3
hybrid species are fertile
False
True
4
This is a human karyotype. How can the species of organism be determined by looking at a karyotype?
Count the total number of chromosomes
Count the number of autosomes
Look at the shape of the chromosomes
Count the number of sex chromosomes
5
Which are examples of convergent evolution?
Eohippos evolving into the modern horse
Sharks and dolphins being streamlined with fins
Echidnas and Anteaters having long tongues
Finches on Galapagos having different shaped beaks
6
Which of the following defines a clade?
A single organism that has evolved from a single ancestor
A single organism that has evolved from multiple ancestors
Group of organisms that have evolved from a common ancestor
Group of organisms that have evolved from separate ancestors
7
Homologous structures suggest that organisms
have a skeletal structure
are now extinct
lived at different times
have a common ancestor
8
An octopus eye and a human eye are ________ because they evolved independently of one another.
coevolutionary structures
analogous structures
vestigial structures
homologous structures
9
Darwin's theory of evolution suggests that
different species can interbreed
extinct species are not related
animals that look alike are the most closely related
species change over time
10
Convergent evolution is ...
responsible for the development of analogous structures
independent development of similar features in diff species
also known as adaptive radiation
splitting of an ancestral group into two different species
11
Divergent evolution describes
Species of different ancestors that become similar
Species of same ancestors that become different
Species of different ancestors that stay different
Species of the same ancestors that stay similar
12
According to this cladogram, who is more closely related?
Old world monkeys and lorises
Lemurs and Apes
Tarsiers and new world monkeys
Lorises and humans
13
What do you call the area of the cladogram indicated here?
Population
Group
Species
Clade
14
The biological species concept defines a species as
Populations that live in the same ecosystem
Population that is able to mate successfully
Population that can mate and produce fertile offspring
Groups of organisms in a population that share traits
15
There is a positive correlation between the number of differences between two species and...
The frequency of homologous structures
The time since they diverged from different ancestors
The time since they diverged from a common ancestor
The frequency of analogous structures
16
Who believed in evolution by "acquired traits"?
Wallace
Lamark
Darwin
Ridley
17
Which of these is NOT used as evidence of evolution?
embryos
environment
fossils
homologous structures
18
The pentadactyl limb is considered a:
Analogous structure
Homologous structure
19
Homologous structures have...
different structure, similar function
different function, similar structure
20
Evidence from cladistics has shown that classifications of some groups based on structure...
Must be reclassified every 10 years
Always corresponded with the evolutionary origins of a group
Will never require classification
Did not correspond with the evolutionary origins of a group
