One difference between a gene mutation and a chromosomal mutation is that

A chromosomal mutation can many genes, not just one.

What might occur if two squirrel populations are separated by a large river?

speciation due to geographic isolation

What happens during gel electrophoresis/makes DNA fingerprints (there are 2 right answers)

separates DNA fragments using electric current, short fragments travel faster

What is the role of restriction enzymes in studying the human genome

cutting large DNA molecules into smaller pieces

On the Galapagos Islands, Darwin observed

species similar to South American species

A point mutation changes a codon in an mRNA molecule. Will the mutation affect the polypeptide (protein) that forms?

Maybe. Some pairs of codons are translated into the same amino acid.

Often, the second part of a scientific name is

a description of a trait or habitat

What is the third step in translation?

tRNA is loaded with appropriate amino acids

what is a difference between pedigrees and karyotypes

K: image of the chromosome P: like a family tree showing a trait

Which of the following statements about green algae is true?

Evidence suggests they were the first plants.

what are the groups for seedless vascular plants

club "mosses", horsetails, ferns

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Questions 183

Answers

1
A new plant is discovered. This plant has leaves with branched veins, a taproot, and four petals per flower.
conifer
annual
monocot
dicot
2
Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
diversity
evolution
perfection
fitness
3
cell wall with peptidoglycan
archaebacteria
protista
eubacteria
fungi
4
Traditional classification systems tended to focus on
physical traits
DNA
evolutionary relationships
proteins
5
carries info from nucleus to ribosome
rRNA
tRNA
mRNA
6
takes water and minerals upward
Xylem
Phloem
Spores
Sporophyte
7
resistance to typhoid fever
sickle cell
huntingtons
cystic fibrosis
8
One difference between a gene mutation and a chromosomal mutation is that
A chromosomal mutation can many genes, not just one.
can involve an insertion or deletion, but cannot result in a frameshift.
A gene mutation affects the DNA of more genes than a chromosomal mutation.
A chromosomal mutation is more likely to be passed on to offspring
9
Which of the following people gave Darwin the idea that Earth was millions of years old?
Malthus
Henslow
Hutton and Lyell
Lamarck
10
What might occur if two squirrel populations are separated by a large river?
speciation due to behavioral isolation
speciation due to temporal isolation
extinction
speciation due to geographic isolation
11
What are the building blocks of DNA?
phosphate group
adenine
proteins
nucleotides
12
What happens during gel electrophoresis/makes DNA fingerprints (there are 2 right answers)
use restriction enzymes to cut DNA into smaller pieces
it cuts between specific bases
separates DNA fragments using electric current
short fragments travel faster
13
What is the role of restriction enzymes in studying the human genome
cutting large DNA molecules into smaller pieces
copying pieces of DNA
separating different pieces of DNA based on their size
labeling different nucleotides with different colors of dyes
14
On the Galapagos Islands, Darwin observed
completely unrelated species on each of the islands
species exactly like those in South America
species completely unrelated to those in South America
species similar to South American species
15
A point mutation changes a codon in an mRNA molecule. Will the mutation affect the polypeptide (protein) that forms?
Yes. Each amino acid is specified by only one codon.
Maybe. Some pairs of codons are translated into the same amino acid.
No. The structure of DNA, and not RNA, determines the polypeptide.
Maybe. Some codons are translated into two or more amino acids.
16
The process of change over time is called
evolution
geology
fossilization
biodiversity
17
it is a result in there being an extra copy of chromosome 21 (three)
Trisomy 18
Turner syndrome
Kliefelters
Down Syndrome
18
Often, the second part of a scientific name is
a description of a trait or habitat
capitalized
different in different locations
the same as other members of the same genus
19
Moving onto land from water required that plants
conserve water.
evolve photosynthetic pigments
have cell walls.
exchange gases.
20
cell wall made of chitin
plante
protista
fungi
anamila
21
Unlike a dicot, a monocot has
taproots
four or five petals per flower.
parallel leaf veins.
two cotyledons.
22
Who added radioactive phosphorus and sulfer into DNA?
Chargaff
Watson & Crick
Hershy & Chase
Griffith
23
what is the first step of transcription?
RNA polymerase attaches to the template strand
RNA strand is edited
portion of DNA "unzips"
RNA is synthesized from template strand
24
From which molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?
tRNA
proteins
DNA
rRNA
25
to house the ovules
stamen
carpel
ovary
petal
26
What is the third step in translation?
tRNA anticodon attaches to mRNA codon
ribosome keeps reading mRNA & amino acids are linked together-peptide bonds
mRNA moves to ribosome
tRNA is loaded with appropriate amino acids
27
what is a difference between pedigrees and karyotypes
there is no difference
K: image of the chromosome P: like a family tree showing a trait
P: image of the chromosome K: like a family tree showing a trait
28
cell wall made of cellulose
fungi
protista
anamila
plante
29
reasons for classifying
all of the above
to make it easier for scientist to communicate their findings
to standardize the naming and organization for species.
30
to protect the developing bud
sepal
style
ovule
petal
31
Genes that have more than two forms of alleles
Barr body
pedigree
Y-chromosome
multiple alleles
32
female reproductive organ (produces eggs)
petal
style
ovary
ovule
33
male part of Bryophytes (makes sperm)
Archegonium
Antheridium
34
How many pairs of chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype
44
46
2
23
35
what is a way that plants benefits polyploidy?
plants and flowers bigger
plants and flowers smaller
no benefits
36
it is a result in a female when part of an x-chromosome is missing
Trisomy 18
Down Syndrome
Turner syndrome
Kliefelters
37
Which of the following statements about green algae is true?
Evidence suggests they were the first plants.
Like other plants, they have specialized structures.
They are all multicellular plants.
They are usually found in dry areas on land.
38
What does the figure below show?
introns
anticodons
the genetic code
exons
39
to attract pollinators
style
petal
sepal
ovule
40
Cone bearing plant
Gymnosperm
Angiosperm
41
carries individual amino acids to the growing protein chain
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
42
The domain that contains organisms that live in extreme environments is
Bacteria
Eubacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
43
X and Y chromosome
sex chromosome
autosome
44
What process is shown in this figure?
alternation of generations
urination
plant evolution
gas exchange
45
what are the groups for seedless vascular plants
horsetails, ferns
mosses, horsetails, ferns
club "mosses", horsetails, ferns
club "mosses", horsetails
46
it is a result in there being an extra copy of chromosome 18 (three)
Turner syndrome
Trisomy 18
Down Syndrome
Kliefelters
47
Natural selection acts directly on
genes
alleles
mutations
phenotypes (traits)
48
Human females produce egg cells that each have...
two X chromosomes
one X or one Y chromosome
one X chromosome
One X and one Y chromosome
49
The collection of genes in a population is called a(n)
allele frequency
phenotype
genotype
gene pool
50
Who repeated Griffith's experiments but one by one took away DNA, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids?
Franklin
Watson & Crick
Avery
Chargaff
51
Who injected mice with bacteria?
Chargaff
Griffith
Avery
Hershy & Chase
52
they have resistance to malaria
huntingtons
cystic fibrosis
sickle cell
53
Vascular plants are able to grow taller than nonvascular plants because
they rely on osmosis to transport water throughout the plant.
strong cell walls of vascular tissue help support the plant.
there is more sunlight in areas where vascular plants live.
their cells are lighter.
54
What type of RNA is this?
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
55
What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic replication?
Pro replication starts in one spot, Eu replication starts in multiple spots
Pro replication starts in multiple spots, Eu replication starts in one spot
There is no difference
56
Which is the correct sequence of the transfer of information in most organisms?
RNA to protein to DNA
RNA to DNA to protein
protein to DNA to RNA
DNA to RNA to protein
57
Which kingdom contains organisms with cell walls made of cellulose?
Animalia
Eubacteria
Fungi
Plantae
58
what is RNA's sugar called?
ribose sugar
deoxyribose sugar
59
To produce and release pollen
stamen
carpel
ovary
petal
60
what are the 3 main groups of bryophytes
liverworts, hornworts
mosses, liverworts, hornworts
mosses, liverworts, flowers
mosses, flowers, fruit
61
What is a Gametophyte
makes gametes
makes spores
62
In plants, the diploid phase is known as
the xerophyte.
the full contact fight.
the gametophyte.
the sporophyte
63
Who discovered that some bases of DNA were present in nearly equal amounts?
Franklin
Watson & Crick
Chargaff
Avery
64
Who discovered that DNA is a double helix in which 2 strands of nucleotide sequences of the bases.
Watson & Crick
Avery
Griffith
Hershy & Chase
65
What is the process where RNA syntesises into protein?
translation
transcription
66
one base is deleted or inserted - "reading frame" shifts
chromosomal
frameshift
substitution/point
67
house female reproductive organs
petal
style
ovule
sepal
68
what do plants need
sunlight, gas exchange
sunlight, water/minerals
water/minerals, gas exchange
sunlight, water/minerals, gas exchange
69
Which of the following is a study of where organisms live?
embryology
ornithology
biogeography
embryology
70
What is the fourth step in translation?
ribosome keeps reading mRNA & amino acids are linked together-peptide bonds
ribosome hits "stop" and codon falls off
tRNA anticodon attaches to mRNA codon
tRNA is loaded with appropriate amino acids
71
makes up ribosomes
tRNA
rRNA
mRNA
72
Which of the following includes a plant embryo, food supply, and a protective coating?
gameophyte
seed
pollen grain
spore
73
What is the first step in translation?
amino acids move to ribosome
tRNA anticodon attaches to mRNA codon
mRNA moves to ribosome
ribosome hits "stop" and codon falls off
74
Dense region in the nucleus where one X-chromosome is "switched off" in female.
Sex-linked gene
multiple alleles
pedigree
Barr body
75
Who took pictures of DNA?
Hershy & Chase
Griffith
Franklin
Avery
76
Sickle cell disease is caused by a...
change in the size of a chromosome
change in the number of chromosome in a cell
mutation in one base
change in two proteins
77
it is a result of a male being born with an extra x-chromosome (XXY)
Down Syndrome
Trisomy 18
Kliefelters
Turner syndrome
78
branching leaf veins, flowers in multiples of 4 or 5
monocot
dicot
79
How many chromosomes are shown in a normal human karyotype
2
23
46
44
80
A mutation that involves one nucleotide is called
a translocation.
a mutagen.
an inversion.
a point mutation.
81
Gel electrophoresis is successful because of which property of the DNA fragments
The DNA fragments may be positively-charged, negatively-charged, or neutral
The DNA fragments travel at different speeds through the gel
The DNA fragments chemically react with the gel in different ways
The DNA fragments travel at the same speed through the gel
82
What are the 3 main types of mutations?
substitution, frameshift, and chromosomal
point/substitution and frameshift
frameshift, and chromosomal
point/substitution, frameshift, and chromosomal
83
What type of RNA is this?
mRNA
rRNA
tRNA
84
Molecular evidence in support of evolution includes
tendency toward perfect, unchanging DNA
presence of vestigial structures
transmission of acquired traits through DNA
the nearly universal genetic code
85
During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing protein depends on the
anticodon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA.
codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA
anticodon on the rRNA and the codon on the DNA
codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the DNA.
86
what is the role of RNA?
its base sequence directs the production of DNA
its base sequence directs the production of proteins
87
Which molecules are involved directly in protein synthesis (translation)?
DNA, transfer RNA, and mutagens
messenger RNA, introns, and ribosomal RNA
messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
transfer RNA, introns, and mutagens
88
cell wall without peptidoglycan
fungi
protista
eubacteria
archaebacteria
89
Plants that grow, flower, produce seeds, and die in one year are called
perennials
annuals
dicots
biennials
90
"catchall" organism
fungi
plante
protista
anamila
91
what are human uses of Bryophytes
soil additives, fuel (peat), diapers/bandages
soil additives, fuel (peat)
fuel (peat), diapers/bandages
soil additives, diapers/bandages
92
The Human Genome Project is an attempt to...
sequence every person's DNA
cure infectious human diseases
identify all restriction enzymes
sequence the DNA of every human gene
93
RNA is double stranded
False
True
94
How many nucleotides are needed to specify three amino acids?
9
3
12
6
95
chart showing presence or absence of a trait through generations in a family
karyotype
pedigree
gel electrophoresis
barr body
96
How many kingdoms of life are currently recognized?
3
4
6
5
97
Which type(s) of RNA contain a copy of the instructions that a gene carries from the nucleus to other parts of cell?
rRNA only
mRNA only
mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA
mRNA and rRNA
98
In biology, an evolutionary innovation is known as a
taxonomic group
physical similarity
derived character
molecular clock
99
What is the modern definition of evolution?
perfection over time
apes becoming humans
genetic change in a population
acquired traits changing
100
A human female inherits...
two copies of every gene located on the X chromosome
one copy of every gene located on the Y chromosome
twice as many sex chromosomes as a human male inherits.
one copy of every gene located on the Y chromosome
101
what are RNA's bases?
C, G, A, T
C, G, A, U
C, Q, A, U
C, G, V, U
102
More than 40% of the proteins coded for in the human genome are
used to help protect the DNA
thought to have the same function
coded for on the X and Y chromosome
similar to proteins found in other organisms
103
What is the dominate stage in Bryophytes
Sporophyte
Gameophyte
104
The three domain system recognizes key differences between the two groups of
multicellular organisms
protists
eukaryotes
prokaryotes
105
What is the second step of transcription?
RNA is synthesized from template strand
RNA polymerase attaches to the template strand
portion of DNA "unzips"
RNA strand is edited
106
internal effort to sequence the DNA of every human gene
cystic fibrosis
gel electrophoresis
sickle cell
human genome project
107
During eukaryotic transcription, an RNA molecule is formed that is
complementary to part of one strand of DNA
double-stranded and inside the nucleus
complementary to both strands of DNA
identical to an entire single strand of DNA
108
What are nucleotides made up of?
nitrogenous base, phosphate group, and adenine
covalent bonds
nucleotides and phosphate group
Deoxyribose, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base
109
What are some characteristics of polyploid plants?
They tend to be weaker and smaller than diploid plants.
They tend to be smaller, but stronger than diploid plants.
Flowers and fruits tend to be bigger and stronger than diploid plants.
They tend to be weaker, but bigger than diploid plants.
110
Because the X chromosome contains genes that are vital for normal development, no baby has been born...
with one X chromosome
with four X chromosomes
without an X chromosome
with three X chromosomes
111
what are the steps of studying in order
cutting DNA, DNA extraction, gel electrophoresis
DNA extraction, gel electrophoresis, cutting DNA
gel electrophoresis, cutting DNA, DNA extraction
DNA extraction, cutting DNA, gel electrophoresis
112
What did Hershy & Chase discover?
The properties of the harmful bacteria stayed alive.
Comfermed that DNA is the genetic material.
A and T go together and C and G go together.
DNA is a double helix.
113
The scientific system of naming organisms is called
three domains
binomial nomenclature
traditional classification
cladistics
114
How do telomere's help with replication?
they are protective tips that shorten as we age
they shorten as we age
they are protective tips
they do nothing
115
What is the third step of transcription?
RNA is synthesized from template strand
protective tail and cap are added
RNA strand is edited
RNA polymerase attaches to the template strand
116
what types of bonds connect nitrogenous bases?
Hydrogen
Covalent
117
What are the characteristics of plants
autotroph, cell walls (cellulose), chlorophyll A & B
autotroph, eukaryote, cell walls (cellulose), chlorophyll A & B
eukaryote, cell walls (cellulose), chlorophyll A & B
autotroph, eukaryote, cell walls (cellulose), chlorophyll A & C
118
What is the fifth step of transcription?
portion of DNA "unzips"
RNA is synthesized from template strand
protective tail and cap are added
RNA polymerase attaches to the template strand
119
What is the fifth step in translation?
tRNA is loaded with appropriate amino acids
ribosome hits "stop" and codon falls off
tRNA anticodon attaches to mRNA codon
ribosome keeps reading mRNA & amino acids are linked together-peptide bonds
120
Based on their names, you know that Felis catus and Felis bieti do not belong to the same
class
genus
species
family
121
found there are 20,000 genes, and over 40% of our proteins are similar to other organisms
gel electrophoresis
cystic fibrosis
human genome project
sickle cell
122
symptoms usually appear later in life
sickle cell
cystic fibrosis
huntingtons
123
Most mutations...
are harmful to an organism.
are helpful to an organism.
have no effect on an organism.
are fatal to an organism.
124
Which nucleotide indicates the nucleic acid is RNA?
adenine
uracil
cytosine
guanine
125
A node (branching point) in a cladogram represents
point where two clades joined to become monophyletic
a shared common ancestor
point where organism became extinct
point where a trait was lost
126
female part of Bryophytes (makes eggs)
Antheridium
Archegonium
127
What did Franklin discover?
The properties of the harmful bacteria stayed alive.
DNA is the genetic material.
DNA is a double helix.
DNA is a helix, likely 2 strands.
128
Which parent determines the sex of the child and why
mom - she has the X-chromosome
dad - he has the X-chromosome
dad - he has the Y-chromosome
mom - she has the Y-chromosome
129
Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?
deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine
phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine
phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine
ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine
130
What is the name of the food supply inside a seed?
bacon
endosperm
fruit
xylem
131
What is the process where DNA syntesises into RNA?
transcription
translation
132
no cell wall
plante
fungi
anamila
protista
133
Based on the figure, which of the following features evolved first in land plants?
seeds enclosed in fruit
flowers
water-conducting tissue
seeds
134
What type of RNA is this?
rRNA
mRNA
tRNA
135
What is the fourth step of transcription?
RNA strand is edited
portion of DNA "unzips"
protective tail and cap are added
RNA polymerase attaches to the template strand
136
RNA can leave the nucleus
True
False
137
the other 21 chromosomes (not X or Y)
sex chromosome
autosome
138
Plants use the energy of sunlight to
take in water from the soil.
carry out photosynthesis.
carry out cellular respiration.
exchange gases with the atmosphere.
139
Charles Darwin viewed the fossil record as
evidence that traits are acquired through use and disuse
evidence the Earth was thousands of years old
interesting but unrelated to evolution
useful support for his theory
140
what is the problem with common names
they are too long
they are in spanish
they are too short
it can refer to multiple species
141
What did Griffith discover?
The properties of the harmful bacteria stayed alive.
DNA is the genetic material.
A and T go together and C and G go together.
DNA is a double helix.
142
What are causes of mutations?
nothing causes mutations
mutagens (chemicals or radiation) and natural mistakes
mutagens (chemicals or radiation)
natural mistakes
143
Which of the following rules apply to writing scientific names?
first term capitalized, second term lower case
Latin
italicized
all of the above
144
to guide the pollen tube
style
sepal
ovule
petal
145
What percentage of human sperm cells carry an X chromosome
50%
100%
25%
75%
146
causes mental deterioration and uncontrolled movements
huntingtons
sickle cell
cystic fibrosis
147
causes protein CFTR to fold improporly snd cells in the air ways become clogged with mucus
cystic fibrosis
sickle cell
huntingtons
148
what is the most serious type of mutation?
substitution/point
frameshift
chromosomal
149
what is modern classification
grouping organisms based on evolutionary decent
grouping organisms based on where they live
grouping organisms based on physical traits
grouping organisms
150
The idea that starvation and disease limited growth of human populations was presented by
Lamarck
Lyell
Malthus
Darwin
151
change in number or structure of entire chromosome
substitution/point
frameshift
chromosomal
152
one base is replaced with another
chromosomal
frameshift
substitution/point
153
What is a Sporophyte
makes gametes
makes spores
154
Who started our current system of classification?
Crick
Linnaeus
Darwin
Mendel
155
carries sugar produced by leaves downward
Sporophyte
Spores
Phloem
Zylem
156
What is illustrated in the figure below
nondisjunction
dominance
electrophoresis
mutation
157
heterozygous individuals have some normal red blood cells
huntingtons
cystic fibrosis
sickle cell
158
Several different classes make up a
family
genus
phylum
kingdom
159
What is the sperm-producing structure of a bryophyte?
archegonium
antheridium
rhizoid
sporangium
160
Angiosperms produce seeds inside protective structures called
ovaries, which become fruits.
cones
petals
pollen grains.
161
What is the sixth step in translation?
ribosome keeps reading mRNA & amino acids are linked together-peptide bonds
tRNA is loaded with appropriate amino acids
mRNA moves to ribosome
ribosome hits "stop" and codon falls off
162
If the allele for having a white forelock is dominant, family members without a white forelock are...
homozygous recessive
homozygous dominat
trinomial
heterozygous
163
Which of the following can be used to cut DNA so it can be studied
gel electrophoresis
karyotypes
restriction enzymes
haplotypes
164
Human males have...
one X and one Y chromosome
one X chromosome
two Y chromosomes
two X chromosomes
165
What type of diagram shows evolutionary relationships?
cladogram
food web
karyotype
ecological pyramid
166
What is the protective tip of a chromosome called?
mitochondria
Telomere
thylakoid
nucleus
167
a gene located on a sex chromosome
sex-linked gene
Barr bodies
X-chromosome
autosome
168
what is the problem with traditional classification
nothing
the use of DNA is unreliable
the use of physical similarities alone can be deceiving
everything, it doesn't work
169
Flower and seed/fruit bearing plant
Angiosperm
Gymnosperm
170
parallel leaf veins, flowers in multiples of 3
dicot
monocot
171
What is base paring?
Adenine pairs with cytosine and thymine pairs with guanine.
Thymine pairs with cytosine and adenine pairs with guanine.
Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine.
172
What happens when cutting DNA (there are 2 right answers)
short fragments travel faster
use restriction enzymes to cut DNA into smaller pieces
separates DNA fragments using electric current
it cuts between specific bases
173
Darwin noticed that similar habitats in different parts of the world contained
ecologically different organisms
the same fossils
different, but ecologically similar organisms
the same organisms
174
What happens during translation?
Transfer RNA is made from a messenger RNA code.
Copies of DNA molecules are made.
The cell uses a messenger RNA code to make proteins
Messenger RNA is made from a DNA code.
175
According to Lamarck, species change due to
natural selection
small population decreases rate of evolution
actions of the organism in their lifetime
survival of the fittest
176
Similar DNA sequences in genes can be evidence of
different ancestry
common ancestry
mutations
binomial nomenclature
177
What did Avery discover?
A and T go together and C and G go together.
DNA is the genetic material.
DNA is a helix, likely two strands.
DNA is a double helix.
178
Which of the following phrases best describes the results of natural selection?
struggle for existence
mutations in populations
unrelated species living in different locations
changes in inherited characteristics in a species over time
179
P (dominant) and p (recessive). The black: recessive phenotype, the white: dominate phenotype. What is the genotype of 2
Pp
pp
PP
180
What is the second step in translation?
amino acids move to ribosome
mRNA moves to ribosome
ribosome keeps reading mRNA & amino acids are linked together-peptide bonds
tRNA is loaded with appropriate amino acids
181
What did Chargaff discover?
The properties of the harmful bacteria stayed alive.
DNA is the genetic material.
DNA is a double helix.
A and T go together and C and G go together.
182
Which of the following form(s) a Barr body
one of the X chromosomes in a female cell
one of the X chromosomes in a male cell
one of the Y chromosomes in a male cell
both of the X chromosomes in a female cell
183
What are the three roles of DNA?
Make proteins.
Store, copy, and transmit information.
Store and copy information.
Copy, make, and transmit information.

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