Chiasmata ("Chiasmata" are specialized chromatin structures that link homologous chromosomes together until anaphase 1.)

Point at which paired chromosomes cross over and exchange genetic material

Genetic Variation (Mutation is the ultimate source of "genetic variation", but sexual reproduction can also be a cause.)

Differences between organisms that allow them to adapt in the environment

Genotype (People use "genotypes" and punnett squares to determine an organisms phenotype. )

The genetic makeup of an organism

Heterozygous ("Heterozygous" is dominant because the dominant allele always masks the recessive allele.)

Having two different alleles for a particular gene

Meiosis ("Meiosis" produces four haploid cells while mitosis produces two diploid cells.)

The process where a cell divides twice to produce four sex cells

Principle of Segregation (Mendel's "Principle of Segregation" states that every organism has two alleles per trait.)

States how pairs of gene variants are separated into reproductive cells

Gene ("Genes" carry the information that determines your traits)

A sequence of DNA that is is transferred from parent to offspring

Monohybrid (Breeding a long-stemmed pea plant with a short-stemmed pea plant is an example of a "monohybrid" cross)

A hybrid between two species that only have a difference of one gene

Crossing Over (During "crossing over", part of one chromosome is exchanged with another chromosome.)

Homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis

Epistasis (Large-scale screens in Escherichia coli have shown that "epistasis" is actually quite common.)

The expression of one gene is affected by the expression of another gene

Hybrid ("Hybrids" are different from the normal because they are created from two different things.)

The offspring of a cross between two parents with different traits

Homozygous (If you have two identical recessive genes or two identical dominant genes it is "homozygous". )

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Genetics ("Genetics" is a field of study under the branch of biology that concerns the study of genes.)

The scientific study of heredity and genetic variation

Codominance (In "codominance", both of the alleles in the genotype are seen in the phenotype.)

When the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed

Trait (The environment and the genes that you inherit from your parents determine your "traits". )

A specific characteristic of an organism

Karyotype ("Karyotypes" are used to evaluate the size, shape, and number of chromosomes in a sample of body cells. )

Micrograph of the full diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs

Incomplete Dominance (When a dominant allele, or form of a gene, does not fully mask the effects of a recessive allele.)

Situation where one allele is not completely dominant over another allele

Gamete ("Gametes" are haploid cells, these cells are produced through a type of cell division called meiosis.)

The name for sex cells; female eggs, and male sperm cells

Pleiotropy (One of the most commonly found examples of "pleiotropy" in humans is phenylketonuria.)

The expression of multiple traits by a single gene

Phenotype (An example of a "phenotype" is the color of your hair.)

The physical characteristics of an organism, The physical characteristics of eukarotyic organisms

Allele ("Alleles" are different forms of the same gene.)

One of two or more different forms of a gene

Fertilization (without "fertilization", humans wouldn't be born.)

Process in sexual rep. when male & female sex cells join to form a zygote

Independent Assortment (Alleles for separate traits are passed independently of one another from parents to offspring.)

Genes for different traits can segregate freely during the form. of gametes

Probability (The "probability" that you will win the Powerball lottery is low.)

The likelihood that a particular event will occur

Sex-Linked Trait/Gene (Sex chromosomes are found in our reproductive cells and they determine our sex.)

A gene that is located on a sex chromosome

Recessive Trait (Blue eyes are considered a "recessive" trait because they are only shown when they're homozygous.)

Trait that is rarely expressed, & is often masked by the dominant trait

Dominant Trait ("Dominant traits" appear in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant allele.)

A trait that appears in an offspring if it's created from a dominant allele

Multiple Alleles (An example of "multiple allele" inheritance is the human blood type.)

A gene that has more than two alleles

Principle of Dominance (The reason why more people have brown eyes than blue eyes is that blue eyes are recessive.)

States that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

Polygenic Inheritance ("Polygenic inheritance" occurs when one characteristic is controlled by two or more genes.)

Single inherited pheno. trait is controlled by two or more different genes

Punnett Square ("Punnett squares" are used to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype. )

A diagram that predicts the geno. & pheno. combinations of a genetic cross

Gregor Mendel ("Gregor Mendel's" experiments with pea plants helped him develop his theory of inheritance. )

AKA the father of genetics he discovered the basic principles of heredity

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Mendelian Genetics Vocabulary - Define each of the following terms...

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Vocabulary set of 33 words, each containing the definition, a sentence using the vocab word, a synonym of the word, an antonym of the word, as well as a picture that portrays the word.

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Questions 33

Answers

1
Chiasmata ("Chiasmata" are specialized chromatin structures that link homologous chromosomes together until anaphase 1.)
The point at which paired chromosomes separate from each other
The genetic result that occurs when two chromosomes cross over
The phase when two homologous chromosomes go through genetic exchange
Point at which paired chromosomes cross over and exchange genetic material
2
Genetic Variation (Mutation is the ultimate source of "genetic variation", but sexual reproduction can also be a cause.)
When two or more organisms are the same in an environment
Differences between organisms that allow them to adapt in the environment
When an organism stays the same while the environment around it changes
The variation of colors between two species
3
Genotype (People use "genotypes" and punnett squares to determine an organisms phenotype. )
The physical characteristics of an organism
The heredity throughout a population of organisms
The genetic code within a single gene
The genetic makeup of an organism
4
Heterozygous ("Heterozygous" is dominant because the dominant allele always masks the recessive allele.)
Having two identical alleles for a particular gene
Having three identical alleles for a particular gene
Having three different alleles for a particular gene
Having two different alleles for a particular gene
5
Meiosis ("Meiosis" produces four haploid cells while mitosis produces two diploid cells.)
The process where a cell divides twice to produce four sex cells
Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
The process where a cell divides three times to produce eight sex cells
The process that creates two daughter cells
6
Principle of Segregation (Mendel's "Principle of Segregation" states that every organism has two alleles per trait.)
States that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
The systematic separation of people into racial or ethnic groups
How the DNA strand separates to create an RNA strand
States how pairs of gene variants are separated into reproductive cells
7
Gene ("Genes" carry the information that determines your traits)
The basic unit of heredity that is created from RNA
A sequence of DNA that is is transferred from parent to offspring
The abbreviation for the word genetics
The process in genetics when a cell transfers info from DNA to RNA
8
Monohybrid (Breeding a long-stemmed pea plant with a short-stemmed pea plant is an example of a "monohybrid" cross)
A singular gene that has been mutated and now is considered a hybrid gene
A type of dihybrid
A hybrid between two species that have a difference between two genes
A hybrid between two species that only have a difference of one gene
9
Crossing Over (During "crossing over", part of one chromosome is exchanged with another chromosome.)
Chromosomes cross over the semi-permeable membrane
Homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
Chromosomes that are different from each other pair up
Chromosomes separate from each other during mitosis
10
Epistasis (Large-scale screens in Escherichia coli have shown that "epistasis" is actually quite common.)
The expression of genes
The expression of one gene is affected by the expression of another gene
Disease caused by an infectious protein that is found in the human brain
When the genes have no effect on each other
11
Hybrid ("Hybrids" are different from the normal because they are created from two different things.)
When you have the same traits as both of your parents
When an organism has the opposite traits of its sibling
An offspring that is born from very similar parents
The offspring of a cross between two parents with different traits
12
Homozygous (If you have two identical recessive genes or two identical dominant genes it is "homozygous". )
Having the same relative position, or structure
Having two identical alleles for a particular gene
Cells that are very similar
Chromosomes in which one set of the chromosome comes from each parent
13
Genetics ("Genetics" is a field of study under the branch of biology that concerns the study of genes.)
When the genes of the body go through biological processes
The scientific study of animals
The function of genes
The scientific study of heredity and genetic variation
14
Codominance (In "codominance", both of the alleles in the genotype are seen in the phenotype.)
When some of the codons are more dominant than the other codons
When the phenotypes produced by both alleles are completely expressed
When the recessive gene is masked by the dominant gene
When the phenotypes produced by both alleles are partially expressed
15
Trait (The environment and the genes that you inherit from your parents determine your "traits". )
A specific characteristic of an organism
The part of an organism in biology that breaks down waste
How you act when someone is mean to you
The name that you received from your parents
16
Karyotype ("Karyotypes" are used to evaluate the size, shape, and number of chromosomes in a sample of body cells. )
A cellular organism that lacks an envelope-enclosed nucleus
A table representation that shows chromosomes in alphabetical order
An organism whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within a nuclear envelope
Micrograph of the full diploid set of chromosomes grouped together in pairs
17
Autosomes ("Autosomes" control the inheritance of all an organism's characteristics except the sex ones.)
All of the answers are correct
A chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
Threadlike structure within the nucleus that contains genetic information
The more common type of chromosome
18
Incomplete Dominance (When a dominant allele, or form of a gene, does not fully mask the effects of a recessive allele.)
Situation where one allele is completely dominant over all other alleles
Situation where no allele is dominant over the other alleles
All alleles are equal to eachother
Situation where one allele is not completely dominant over another allele
19
Gamete ("Gametes" are haploid cells, these cells are produced through a type of cell division called meiosis.)
A zygote that is produced during sexual reproduction
A diploid cell
The name for sex cells; female eggs, and male sperm cells
The cells that are involved in mitosis
20
Pleiotropy (One of the most commonly found examples of "pleiotropy" in humans is phenylketonuria.)
The expression of multiple traits by a single gene
When one trait is controlled by multiple genes
The expression of multiple traits by multiple genes
When one trait is controlled by one gene
21
Phenotype (An example of a "phenotype" is the color of your hair.)
The physical characteristics of an organism
The chemical makeup of prokaryotic organisms
The physical characteristics of eukarotyic organisms
The genetic makeup of an organism
22
Allele ("Alleles" are different forms of the same gene.)
A process that occurs when a gene is created from DNA
One of two or more different forms of a gene
When one or more genes are transferred from the nucleus to the ribosome
The sequence of genes that codes for prokaryotic cells
23
Fertilization (without "fertilization", humans wouldn't be born.)
The process used on farms to make the soil fertile
Process in sexual rep. when male & female sex cells join to form a zygote
The action of watering plants to help them grow
When chemical fertilizers are used on plants to give them nutrients
24
Independent Assortment (Alleles for separate traits are passed independently of one another from parents to offspring.)
Genes for different traits can segregate freely during the form. of gametes
A miscellaneous collection of things or people
The method that scientests use in biology to seperate fact from fiction
The sequence in which the life cycle occurs within an organisms life
25
Probability (The "probability" that you will win the Powerball lottery is low.)
The possibility that someone will die
The time at which a certain event occurs
The amount of luck that someone has
The likelihood that a particular event will occur
26
Sex-Linked Trait/Gene (Sex chromosomes are found in our reproductive cells and they determine our sex.)
A gene that is located on a sex chromosome
The trait that determines your eye color
The type of sex you are, boy/girl.
A gene that is located on an autosome
27
Recessive Trait (Blue eyes are considered a "recessive" trait because they are only shown when they're homozygous.)
Trait that is rarely expressed, & is often masked by the dominant trait
Characteristic that appears if it is contributed through a dominant allele
What you call someone that has brown eyes
The type of cell inside people with blue eyes
28
Dominant Trait ("Dominant traits" appear in an offspring if it is contributed from a parent through a dominant allele.)
The trait that you get from your father
Trait that appears in an offspring if it's created from a recessive allele
The trait that you receive from your mother
A trait that appears in an offspring if it's created from a dominant allele
29
Multiple Alleles (An example of "multiple allele" inheritance is the human blood type.)
A gene that has more than two alleles
A gene that has less than two alleles
When a gene has one to two alleles
A gene that has two alleles
30
Principle of Dominance (The reason why more people have brown eyes than blue eyes is that blue eyes are recessive.)
States how pairs of gene variants are separated into reproductive cells
States that the most dominant organims are at the top of the food chain
States that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive
The reason why the principal is the most dominant person in the school
31
Polygenic Inheritance ("Polygenic inheritance" occurs when one characteristic is controlled by two or more genes.)
The inheritance of genes from one organism to another
Single inherited pheno. trait is controlled by six or more different genes
Single inherited geno. trait is controlled by five or more different genes
Single inherited pheno. trait is controlled by two or more different genes
32
Punnett Square ("Punnett squares" are used to determine the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype. )
A square where people write out their family tree
A diagram that predicts the geno. & pheno. combinations of a genetic cross
A table that is used in math to multiply an expression
A diagram used in science to predict the age of an organism
33
Gregor Mendel ("Gregor Mendel's" experiments with pea plants helped him develop his theory of inheritance. )
One of the scientists that created the first DNA model
The scientist responsible for developing the theory of evolution
AKA the father of genetics he discovered the basic principles of heredity
The scientist that was known for their DNA X-rays

Mendelian Genetics Vocabulary - Define each of the following terms... Flashcards | StudBud