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AP Human Geo
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1
Which of the following is an example of a nation seeking its own territory?
British
Palestinians
Mexicans
English
2
The Peace of Westphalia ________
created West Germany after WWII
created modern Pakistan after the British withdrawal
marked the beginning of the modern state of Europe
ended WWI
3
Africa experienced a period of decolonization and creation of many new states when?
1850s
1950s and 60s
1700s
Late nineteenth century
4
What percentage of the Earth's surface is covered by water?
90
50
70
20
5
The linking of places by common traits or characteristics is defined as:
place
region
location
area
6
The Spanish invaders of Middle America, centuries ago, laid out villages and towns in what form
linear
grid
round
oval
7
Since 1950, this part of the developing world has seen a dramatic increase in population
urban areas
areas away from coasts
rural areas
agricultural areas
8
The ratio of percent labor force to percent of GDP in the agricultural sector of Canada means?
the agricultural sector is subsistence intensive
the agricultural sector is small scale intensive
the agricultural sector is machine intensive
the agricultural sector is labor intensive
9
In order to replace its population only, a country needs a total fertility rate of...
1.2
3.0
2.1
3.5
10
The
Confucian Classics
were the 13 texts that were the focus of education 2,000 years ago in:
Japan
India
China
Afghanistan
11
The greatest concentration of streets memorializing MLK, Jr. are found in:
the West
the South, especially Georgia
the Midwest, especially Illinois
the Northeast, particularly Massachusetts
12
During the Cold War era, which two countries balanced the power of one another?
Pakistan/India
US/Soviet Union
Spain/Portugal
United Kingdom/France
13
In villages everywhere, social stratification is reflected by:
the range and quality of village houses
the street pattern
the dress of the population
commercial buildings
14
By 1992, the most widely grown crop was a product of the Green Revolution, IR36, a type of:
potatoes
rice
wheat
maize
15
Nigeria has federal system of government in which they adopted the ___ law in the Muslim North.
British Common
local tribal
Nigerian Federal
Sharia
16
The boundaries of rocky crustal plates are associated with:
plains regions
earthquakes and volcanoes
deserts
ice caps
17
Form of villages still existing in many rural landscapes that remind of a turbulent past:
walled
grid
linear
round
18
Which economic activity is not counted in GNP calculations?
auto repair
commercial farming
tending to a home garden
teaching
19
One element of the conflict in Sri Lanka is differences of these two religions:
Islam and Christianity
Christianity and tribal
Islam and Jewish
Buddhism and Hindu
20
Which commodity would be found closest to the market town in von Thunen's model?
wheat
milk
beef
firewood
21
Which is
not
an example of a primary economic activity?
mining iron ore
corn flake production
lobster fishing
forestry
22
Which of the following nations is considered a stateless-nation?
Spanish
French
Jewish
Kurdish
23
Uneven distribution of wealth and political power after colonialism was due to wealth in:
Europe and North America
Europe
Asia
North America
24
Latin
octo
(eight) became Italian
otto
, Spanish
ocho
and French
huit.
This is an example of?
dialect development
deterioration
isogloss shift
sound shift
25
A group of people in a particular space who see themselves as a community and who share traits
popular culture
material culture group
folk
local culture
26
Life expectancy is:
number of years a person will live
average number of years a person will live at birth
number of years a person will theoretically live
average number of years a person is expected to live
27
Plant life and photosynthesis began about 1.5 billion years ago and increased the:
sulfur in the atmosphere
O2 in the atmosphere
CO2 in the atmosphere
methane in the atmosphere
28
A geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs is called a/an:
isogloss
cultural boundary
sound shift
international border
29
The same ultraviolet radiation intercepted by darkly pigmented skin stimulates this production
C
D
A
E
30
Guatemala's agricultural sector produced 22.7% of the country's GDP and employs:
25% of labor force
50% of labor force
10% of labor force
22.7% of labor force
31
The concept that which population will continue to grow even after fertility rates decline
demographic transition
homeostatic plateau
demographic momentum
rate of natural increase
32
The largest source of international immigrants to the US is from:
Canada
China
Mexico
India
33
Examples of luxury crops include:
tobacco and potatoes
tea and sugar
coffee and tobacco
cacao and corn
34
The phenomenon that the farther a feature moves from a hearth, the less dominant it is
distance decay
central place
sequent occupance
concentric circle
35
Which country has a low arithmetic density, but a high physiological density?
United States
Nigeria
United Kingdom
Egypt
36
The boundaries between which set of countries were established primarily to separate religions?
Libya and Chad
Mexico and the US
India and Pakistan
France and Germany
37
The most prevalent rural residential pattern in the world's agricultural areas is:
hierarchical
dispersed
spaced
nucleated
38
Demand for organic foods is greatest in:
spread equally among all regions
semi-periphery regions
periphery regions
core regions
39
TRUE/FALSE: Functional regions are the product of interaction and movement
False
True
40
In 2001, reports indicated that as many as ___ women may have been victims of dowry deaths.
100
1,000
7,000
0
41
The fact that trends in popular culture proceed from large global centers to smaller cities is:
hierarchical diffusion
migration
diffusion
relative location
42
TRUE/FALSE: Cultures live in spatial isolation and show little change as a result of diffusion
False
True
43
Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) was perhaps the first prominent Indian religious leader to:
reject the eating of meat
speak out against the Hindu caste system
acknowledge sacred animals, such as cattle
accept Karma
44
The Kyoto Protocol:
addresses US-Japan trade imbalances
addresses global climate change
addresses Asian deforestation
addresses Japan-European trade imbalances
45
Globally, the consumption of resources is tied to _______ more than any other factor.
proximity to resources
technology
population numbers
rate of population growth
46
___ of internet content is in English.
82%
68%
27%
12%
47
The importance of the
spatial
approach that geographers use in their studies is that it shows:
arrangement/organization of things on the surface of Earth
human activity only
political impact of boundaries
history of an area
48
Gross National Income does not include:
work done by state-employed women
work done by rural women in less developed countries
work done by unmarried women
work done by women in maquiladoras
49
Humans do not populate in large numbers to
all of the above
areas too high in elevation
areas that are too cold
areas that are too wet
50
Political boundaries that most poorly represent the linguistic boundaries are of this region:
East Asia
South America
North America
Africa
51
Which of the following states fits the morphology description of compact?
South Africa
Chile
Thailand
Poland
52
TRUE/FALSE: The study of landforms, climates and environmental change is physical geography
True
False
53
Which of the following countries has the lowest arithmetic density?
United States
Brazil
Canada
United Kingdom
54
Cultural geographers identify a single element of normal practice as:
a cultural trait
a culture region
a cultural heritage
a cultural peculiarity
55
Is is estimated that ___% of the Sub-Saharan realm's food is produced by females.
50
70
10
20
56
Field of study that considers the rolled of politics in shaping human environmental interaction
Political-ecology
politics
economics
danger
57
The Hindu religion is one of the oldest of the religions and may have begun ___ years ago.
6,000
4,000
3,000
1,500
58
Presently, most population growth in the world is occurring where?
western countries
Africa
least developed countries
more developed countries
59
What region of North America is most densely populated?
Southeast
West Coast
Pacific Northwest
Northeast
60
Which types of countries usually encompass diverse types of climates, resources and peoples?
Fragmented
Compact
Elongated
Prorupt
61
The ____ of a group of people included the things they construct.
material culture
non-material culture
pop culture
folk culture
62
Buddhism has its source in:
Japan
India
China
Thailand
63
In terms of popular culture, cities like Paris, New York and Milan are referred to as...
world cities
capitals
hearths
local cultures
64
A high dependency ratio suggests that a large percentage of the population is...
14-64 years old
65 years or older
under 14 and over 65
under 14 years old
65
This sub field of geography studies political, economic and strategic significance
Anthropology
Linguistics
Econometrics
Geopolitics
66
The four major population clusters in the world include the following regions except...
South America
East Asia
South Asia
Southeast Asia
67
Yugoslavia was a prime example of a:
nation-state
stateless nation
multi-state nation
multi-nation state
68
Which type of boundary uses lines of latitude and longitude and not existing physical features?
Subsequent boundary
Antecedent boundary
Natural boundary
Geometric boundary
69
Which of the following is
not
an example of a form of expansion diffusion?
contagious
hierarchial
stimulus
independent invention
70
In which area of the world are countries in stage one of the demographic transition model found
West and Southern Africa
North America
Northern Europe
South America
71
Central government with subnational entities that have representation in governmental processes
Federal
Communist
Unitary
Compact
72
The Global Environmental Facility funds projects related to four issues. Which is
not
one?
climatic change
loss of biodiversity
soil erosion
depletion of ozone layer
73
The Second Agricultural Revolution can generally be traced to Europe within what time frame?
nineteenth and twentieth century
twelfth and thirteenth century
fourteenth and fifteenth century
seventeenth and eighteenth century
74
The physical location of a place using the Earth latitude-longitude grid is:
absolute location
grid plan
referenced location
relative location
75
In recent years, many wooded areas in ___ have been deforested to provide beef to the US.
East Africa
East and South Asia
West Africa
Central and South America
76
The location of a place in relationship to other places or features around it is called:
site
index of placeness
relative location
absolute location
77
The building of a sense of community identity around the idea of "Swedish-ness" in Kansas is:
neolocalism
assimilation
globalization
cultural appropriation
78
Race is:
biologically based
socially constructed
the same as culture
composed of three major skin color groups
79
The concept that the US was ordained by God to expand across North America was:
complementarity
Manifest Destiny
gateway state
Rimland Theory
80
The coordinates of absolute location are useful mainly in determining exact:
distance
directions
distance and directions
elevations
81
The concept of culture is closely identified with:
anthropology
sociology
archaeology
psychology
82
TRUE/FALSE: Cholera outbreaks have not occurred in the Twentieth Century
True
False
83
A tsunami's waves result from:
earthquake displacement of the seafloor
tidal conditions
periodic floods
high storm winds called "tsunamis"
84
Fragmented states can help create which type of forces within a state?
Centripetal
Centrifugal
Cumulative causation
Backwash effects
85
The world distribution of precipitation is concentrated in:
subtropical regions
high latitudes
mid-latitude regions
equatorial and tropical areas
86
The most recent glaciation of the Pleistocene was the ______ Glaciation.
Nebraskan
Illinoian
Kansan
Wisconsinan
87
The largest constituency of Christianity is:
Coptic
Protestant
Roman Catholicism
Eastern Orthodox
88
Which form of diffusion cannot be transmitted by media?
expansion diffusion
hierarchical diffusion
stimulus diffusion
relocation diffusion
89
The degree of direct linkage btw one location and other location in a transport network:
movement
connectivity
spatial interaction
landscape
90
The largest major population concentration of North America is
from Miami to Jacksonville
From Toronto to Montreal
From Washington D.C. to Boston
from San Diego to San Francisco
91
Which of the following is
not
generally a characteristic of an ethnic religion?
always polytheistic
spatially concentrated
does not seek outside converts
found in a particular culture
92
Which of the following is considered a sovereign state?
India
Alaska
Antarctica
Hong Kong
93
Which region of the US do geometric boundaries predominate?
Southeast
Hawaii
Northeast
Midwest
94
Which of the following agricultural activities is widespread in the NE US and NW Europe?
dairying
sugar beet production
citrus production
cotton growing
95
Sikhism is a small compromise religion that arose form the confrontation between Hinduism and:
Islam
Buddhism
British colonial officials
Christianity
96
The boundaries of this country are being contested by the Palestinians.
China
Serbia
Iraq
Israel
97
Which describes the general direction that the US population center has moved since 1970?
North and West
West and South
South
North and East
98
Corn of the American "Corn Belt" originated in:
the Fertile Crescent
Central America
West Africa
Southeast Asia
99
The Dave Matthews Band established a ____ in VA and gained popularity through _____
hearth, hierarchical diffusion
hearth, distance decay
beachhead, word of mouth
record label, contagious diffusion
100
According to the text, which of the following is considered a state?
Colorado
British Columbia
France
Hong Kong
101
The text focuses on 1 local culture in its attempts to lessen the influence of foreign culture
S. Korea
France
Zimbabwe
US
102
Environmental determinism was replaced be which approach to geography in the late 20th century?
possiblist approach
distribution approach
vernacular approach
hierarchical approach
103
The Little Ice age was pieced together by farmer's diaries. Those of these were most useful.
dairy farmers
grain farmers
vegetable growers
wine growers
104
Spread of ideas, traits, knowledge and skills from place of origin to areas where adopted
cultural repulsion
adjustment
diffusion
105
Jerusalem is a sacred place for:
Muslims
All of the above
Christians
Jews
106
Which geographical theme would study the impact of the drainage of the Florida Everglades?
movement
location
place
human-environment
107
An example of a country with a population pyramid that has a large base is...
Nigeria
Japan
Germany
United States
108
Which of the following US regional associations is
incorrect
?
Southwest - Mormon
South - Baptist
New England - Catholic
Upper Midwest - Lutheran
109
The basic unit of the township-and-range system, the section, has an area of:
36 square miles
1 acre
160 acres
1 square mile
110
Rice cultivation in Southeast Asia is largely a _______ activity.
part-time
mechanized
commercial
subsistence
111
The greater the distance from the hearth, the less likely an innovation will be adopted
cultural repulsion
adoption avoidance
distance decay
inverse innovation rule
112
By 1960, Mexico no longer depended on imports as production of this crop rose dramatically
tomatoes
coffee
corn
wheat
113
Which region has a high percentage of geometric boundaries to separate states?
Southeast Asia
South America
Europe
North Africa
114
Fair trade coffee buyers certify that ___% of the retail price goes to the coffee growers.
80
40
5
100
115
The systematic study of the origin and meaning of place names is called:
deep reconstruction
toponymy
lexicography
namology
116
Which of these sub-regions recently gained more central government powers with parliament?
Ireland
Russia
Scotland
Colorado
117
Most scholars believe that seed cultivation (!st Agricultural Revolution) occurred in:
the Nile Valley
the Fertile Crescent
tropical Africa
Asia
118
When a husband migrates from Mexico to US and earns money to allow for his family to migrate
internal migration
distance decay
forced migration
chain migration
119
In areas of shifting cultivation the population _________.
never lies in permanent settlements
cannot have a high density
increases significantly
must be large enough to provide surplus labor
120
The Proto-Indo-European language homeland lies somewhere north of the...
Sea of Okhotsk
Black Sea
Baltic Sea
Mediterranean Sea
121
The arithmetic population density of the US is _____ per square mile.
347
82
1046
31
122
Mackinder's concerns of Stalin's control led to the development of containment in the US and to
friendly relationships with China
the United Nations
the Berlin Wall
NATO
123
The Sea of Galilee forms a large freshwater reservoir in the Jordan Valley and supplies mainly:
Syria
Israel
Lebanon
Jordan
124
A form of tropical subsistence agriculture in which fields are rotated after short periods:
subsistence wheat cultivation
nomadic herding
subsistence rice cultivation
shifting cultivation
125
The presence of centrifugal forces within a country has led to diffusion of power called:
devolution
acculturation
imperialism
autocratic
126
The youngest major religion is:
Islam
Judaism
Hinduism
Christianity
127
The most dangerous volcano, _________, erupted about 73,500 years ago.
Tambora
St. Helen's
Santorini
Toba
128
A boundary that uses physiological features like rivers or mountains is referred to as a(n):
natural/physical boundary
geometric boundary
permeable barrier
subsequent boundary
129
The US is the most prolific producer of solid waste, producing about __ lbs per person per day.
7.3
4.5
3.5
1.5
130
The "lost city" located in Sun City, South Africa is a good example of:
modernization
an ethnic enclave
an authentic landscape
the commodification of nature
131
The language most widely used as a 2nd language by millions of Indians, Africans, etc.:
Spanish
English
French
Arabic
132
Skin color is a matter of what pigmentation, a protective element against strong sun.
epithelial
dextrose
melanin
carotene
133
In the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, for a judge to be appointed to the country's courts:
they had to have a beard
they had to wear sandals
they had to wear a veil
they had to wear a turban
134
Which of the following would not be part of the cultural landscape?
fences
livestock
rainfall
barns
135
Convergence processes that produce a pidgin language are first introduced to a population as a:
creole language
language subfamily
lingua franca
dialect
136
In political geography, these forces tend to disrupt and threaten the unity of a state.
Centripetal
Common values
Homogeneity
Centrifugal
137
Following the disintegration of the former Soviet Union, the only surviving superpower was:
France
China
Great Britain
US
138
Depletion of the ozone layer is caused by the release of ____ into the atmosphere.
chlorofluorocarbons
CO2
volcanic ash
methane
139
The naming of sports stadiums and other facilities for corporations is an example of:
memorial toponyms
hubris
post-modern toponyms
commodification
140
Which is am example of a non-material aspect of culture?
burning of incense
religious decoration
an alter
church building
141
The most widely used Indo-European language today is:
English
Chinese
Spanish
German
142
_____ refers to the infusing of a locality with meaning and emotion.
Human-environment interaction
Sense of place
Regionalization
Location theory
143
Barrio
is the Spanish term for:
socio-economic barriers to advancement
boundary
a small donkey
neighborhood
144
Geomancers, those who know the desires of the spirits of those occupying the natural world are:
associated with Lamaism
associated with monotheism
associated with karma
associated with feng-shui
145
According to Ravenstein's Laws of Migration, which group is most likely to move?
families
older adults
children
young adults
146
In von Thunen's model there was a concentric circle of forest around the city because _______.
it would filter out pollution
it provided a recreational area
it would provide lumber and firewood
it would contain the growth of the city
147
The faith that is most widely dispersed over the world is:
Buddhism
Islam
shamanism
Christianity
148
Government efforts to discourage native practice and languages in the US and Canada were:
eradicating practices
assimilating practices
protective practices
segregating practices
149
This 20th century communist empire controlled many weaker satellite states in Eastern Europe.
China
Soviet Union
Turkey
Germany
150
When places are "designed" either for women or then they are said to be:
social spaces
gendered
restricted areas
sex zones
151
The geologic epoch, characterized by global warming, in which we are now living:
Pleistocene
Pliocene
Miocene
Holocene
152
The mental map you have of places you routinely visit is a map of your:
inner world
neighborhood
activity spaces
region
153
Geographer Lee Liu found soils in intensively used fields near villages were:
not used
overused and of poor fertility
fertile and productive
polluted
154
Which of the following was an example of forced migration?
European colonists of America moving West in search for gold
India-Pakistan migration after gaining independence
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
Spanish migration to the Western Hemisphere
155
All of the following tend to be centripetal forces within a country
except
:
common language
regionalism
military
education system
156
The fundamental doctrine of the Hindu faith is :
karma
monotheism
a detailed book of scripture
a violent ideology
157
At which scale to boundary disputes occur?
National
International
Local
All of the above
158
The rise of secularism and decline of religious membership are found in:
Africa
Southeast Asia
Southwest Asia
Europe
159
Japan is a hearth of global popular culture that influences North America with...
sports
fashion
animated films
foods
160
The correct name for the rectangular language division scheme in the US after the American Rev:
township-and-range system
metes and bounds system
long-lot system
Franklin's system
161
Coffee was domesticated in Ethiopia. Today, 70% of production is in:
Middle and South America
Southeast Asia
South Asia
East Africa
162
The spread of disease where nearly all adjacent individuals are affected is an example of:
reloaction diffusion
independent infection
contagious diffusion
stimulus diffusion
163
Hawaii and Louisiana are examples of states with...
official bilingual policies
no linguistic variation
official "English only" policies
no official language policies
164
The visible imprint of human activity is known as:
spatial interaction
the cultural landscape
the natural landscape
the attributes of the setting
165
Bio-genetic engineering allows growing of new strains in more arid regions to meet demand of:
grain export
tofu/organic food
bio-diesel fuel
the cattle feed industry
166
The linguistic map of Nigeria reflects extreme fragmentation with nearly ___ languages spoken
25
15
400
200
167
Buying a Native American styled dream catcher at a Wal-Mart store in Ohio is an example of:
assimilation
cultural appropriation
local custom
cultural persistence
168
Hutterites differ form the Amish in that they...
reject modern technology
accept modern technology
are Anabaptist
live in Pennsylvania
169
Organic food is found in _____ areas.
core
all
semi-periphery
periphery
170
_____ culture is conceived as small, incorporating a homogeneous populationand typically rural
local
folk
popular
material
171
Friedrich Ratzel's organic theory identified ______ as a state's essential living force.
mobility
population
space
strong military
172
Zoroastrianism is similar to Islam and Christianity in that it is...
a missionary religion
a world religion
monotheistic
polytheistic
173
Map in which data are assigned to class intervals and colors/patterns to distinguish magnitude:
topographic map
dot distribution map
choropleth map
cartogram
174
The form of agriculture that refers to a particular climate is:
livestock ranching
shifting cultivation
Mediterranean
dairying
175
The highest Crude Birth Rates (CBR) in the world are found in...
Middle East
Sub-Saharan Africa
China
Latin America
176
Language tree diagram of language divergence has some branches with dead ends that represent?
extinct languages
isolated languages
language subfamilies
standardized or non-hanging languages
177
This type of state has a centralized government and administration that exercises equal control
Unitary
Compact
Regional
Federal
178
Select the group that is not a supranational organization.
EU
UN
OPEC
CIA
179
It is estimated that _____ of the world's population is seriously malnourished.
1/2
1/20th
1/7th
1/10th
180
Taro, yams and bananas are associated with the ______ hearth, according to Spencer and Thomas.
Meso-American
Southwest Asian
Ethiopia-East Asian
Southeast Asian
181
What is the most residentially segregated metropolitan area for African Americans?
Seattle, Washington
Birmingham, Alabama
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Atlanta, Georgia
182
Newspaper delivery areas are an example of which type of region?
formal
functional
statistical
graphical
183
Two Russian scholars have established the core of the pre-porto-Indo-European language named:
Austronesian
Nostratic
Anatolian
Etruscan
184
The product of convergence which allows speakers of two or more languages to communicate:
common language
lingua germanica
lingua franca
standardized language
185
Presently, natural increase in population is primarily due to...
a decrease in birth rate
an increase in birth rate
an increase in death rate
a decrease in death rate
186
Reasons why a person feels compelled to leave his or her home area is:
place utility factors
economic indicator factors
pull factors
push factors
187
Roman Catholic Christianity was spread to Middle and South American by:
Portugal
England
Italy
Spain
188
Any political power based in the center of Eurasia could gain enough strength to dominate.
Wallerstein's World Systems Theory
Huntington's Clash of Civilizations Thesis
Mackinder's Heartland Theory
Unilateral Theory
189
Which of the following is the best example of a nation-state?
South Africa
China
United Kingdom
Japan
190
Branch of geography that focuses on landforms, climate, soils and vegetation of the Earth is:
biogeography
physical geography
human geography
cultural geography
191
Alfred Wegner used his spatial view of the world to develop the theory of:
Earth rotation
continental drift
the hydrologic cycle
relativity
192
The world's largest dominantly Islamic state is:
Pakistan
Indonesia
Egypt
Iran
193
The Hajj, one of the "pillars of Islam" is:
the pilgrimage to Mecca
the veil worn by Muslim women
charitable giving
fasting during the holy month
194
The ideology of Zionism has as its goal:
the elimination of the Orthodox division within the faith
a homeland for the Jewish people
the merger of Judaism with other religions
the merger of the three modern divisions of Judaism
195
Which is an example of an interfaith (boundary) conflict?
Northern Ireland
Israel - Palestine
Former Yugoslavia
Nigeria
196
TRUE/FALSE: Details of the distribution of wealth in the US features typical at global scale
True
False
197
NAFTA is a supranationalistic organization which attempted to create a free trade zone where?
North America
North Africa
North Atlantic
New Zealand and Australia
198
According to Carl Sauer, the earliest plant domestication __________.
was prompted by scarcity
occurred in tropical middle America
was associated with seed crops
probably involved planting root crops