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DH230 Final Review
DH230 Final Review
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Law, Ethics & Jurisprudence
Flashcards
100 cards
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Practice quiz
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Questions
100
Answers
1
According to Piaget’s 4-stage model of moral development, the egocentric stage is found in what ages?
12 years old and older
7-12 years old
2-7 years old
0-2 years old
2
Which of the following is regarded as an expanded function for a dental hygienist rather than a traditional duty?
Exposing dental radiographs
Patient education
Scaling and root planing
Administration of an injection
3
Which ethical theory evaluates usefulness & potential for achieving the greatest good as measurements of right vs. wrong
Virtue ethics
Deontological ethics
Utilitarian ethics
Autonomy theory
4
The Age discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 is a federal law that prohibits discrimination based on age who is
40
21
61
65
5
Which of the following are the two major categories of civil law?
Contract law and tort law
Negligence and informed consent
Malpractice law and tort law
Breach of contract and contract law
6
What are desirable characteristics in a health care professional?
Values
Character
Professional traits
Standard
7
Saying something that may damage a patient’s reputation is:
Defamation
Technical assault
Battery
Supervised neglect
8
A relationship between the medical profession and the society which it serves is ____________.
social contract.
social justice
access to care
health disparities
9
All of the following terms is 1 of the ADHA standards for clinical dental hygiene practice EXCEPT ______.
Assessment
Recapitulation
Documentation
Implementation
10
Learning what is expected of a professional person reinforces ________ in the developing professional.
obligation
group norms
deference to authority
character traits
11
A note in tx record such as “prophy” is not appropriate, because it does not convey what procedures were performed.
True
False
12
Which of the following is a part of the outcomes dimension of quality improvement?
Appropriateness of care
Equipment
Administration
Oral health improvement
13
A license to practice as a dental hygienist is granted by
The American Dental Association
The State Board of Dentistry
The American Dental Hygienists’ Association
The school of matriculation, meaning where the student graduated
14
Adding fluoride to a community water system is a good example of the application of which type of ethical reasoning?
None
Consequentialism or utilitarian ethics
Deontology or nonconsequentialism
Virtue ethics
15
The first ethical code dates back to the time of Greek physician
Hippocrates.
Aristotle.
Euripides.
Plato.
16
In most jurisdictions, the age of majority is attained at the age of
18
21
16
12
17
A body of law created by acts of the legislature is
statutory law
scope of practice
regulation
supervision
18
The responsibility & power for legislative protection of the public rest with dental schools & dental hygiene programs.
False
True
19
The dental hygienist can provide services as he or she deems appropriate without specific authorization from a licensed
Direct supervision
General supervision
Indirect supervision
Direct-access supervision
20
According to the ethicist Laurence McCullough the two virtues required in a professional person are
self-effacement and self-sacrifice.
maturity and self-analysis.
honesty and integrity.
caring and compassion.
21
The party bringing a claim in the legal system is the ________ in a criminal proceeding.
Defendant
Prosecutor
Plantiff
22
Slander or libel resulting in defamation causing damage to the reputation of another is an example of
Battery
Negligence
Intentional tort
23
Patients have the right to be provided full disclosure of relevant information so that they can make informed choices is
Confidentiality
Autonomy
Societal trust
Beneficence
24
Which of the following is an ethical principle that focuses on the individual rather than society?
Justice
Stewardship
Autonomy
Caring
25
Each of the following is considered to be a true profession EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Culinary chef
Ministry
Dentistry
Law
26
Ethical decision making is __________.
inherently done well
something that cannot be learned from another person
a behavior.
something that cannot be taught to another person
27
Each of the following is one of the “Major Findings of Oral Health in America” EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
No info is needed to improve oral health & eliminate health disparities
Oral diseases and disorders affect health and well-being throughout life.
Safe and effective measures exist to prevent common oral diseases.
Profound & consequential oral health disparities are present in the USA.
28
Which federal law intended to ensure working conditions for employees free from recognized hazards to safely & health?
The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994
29
Each of the following is true of codes of ethics EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
State dental boards are sanctioning practitioners for legal violations.
Codes of ethics typically are powerful ethical statements.
Codes of ethics are aspirational in nature.
Codes of ethics are legal mandates.
30
Negligence is an unintentional tort involving failure to act as a reasonable, prudent person under similar circumstances
False
True
31
Finding a colleague's lost handpiece and keeping it as your own property is considered:
intentional tort to persons
intentional tort to property
32
The executive branch is responsible for implementing statutory law & providing specific guidance & regulation of RDHs.
True
False
33
Who is responsible for managing professional competency & maintaining the appropriate credentials being licensed?
The state licensing agency
The individual dental hygienist
The employer dentist
The component dental hygiene organization
34
In the state of NY, dental hygienists practice under what supervision?
General supervision, collaborative practice & personal supervision
Prescriptive supervision
Indirect supervision
Direct supervision
35
Which of the following theorists of cognitive moral development created the concept of the ethic of care?
Jean Piaget
Dr Alfred C Fones
Carol Gilligan
Lawrence Kohlberg
36
Which of the practice models described by Ozar is considered most desirable?
Guild
None
Commercial
Interactive
37
An ethical theory that regards an action as right when it conforms to a principle or rule of conduct of overriding duty.
Nonconsequentialism
Deontology
Virtue ethics
Consequentialism
38
According to Kant, helping an elderly person cross the street is (a/an)
perfect duty.
universal law.
imperfect duty.
categorical imperative.
39
Which of the following individuals is regarded as the father of dental hygiene?
Dr. Laurence McCullough
Dr. David T. Ozar
Dr. Carl Rogers
Dr. Alfred C. Fones
40
Which of the following organizations developed the “Standards for Clinical Dental Hygiene Practice”?
The American Dental Association (ADA)
The Association of State and Territorial Dental Directors (ASTDD)
The American Dental Educators Association (ADEA)
The American Dental Hygienists’ Association (ADHA)
41
A person being sued in a civil case or charged with a crime is the
defendant
prosecutor
plantiff
42
Which of the following forms of patient contacts should be recorded?
Both oral and written communication
Neither oral nor written communication
Oral but not written communication
Written but not oral communication
43
When was the first Surgeon General’s Report on Oral Health published?
2020
1950
1900
2000
44
The employment interview may include a _________ interview, which provides an opportunity for the employer to assess the
working
virtual
self-assessment
subjective
45
A healthcare provider is responsible for providing truthful & adequate information to allow decisions regarding tx.
Confidentiality
Societal trust
Veracity
Beneficence
46
The act of directing or observing the activities of another person
statutory law
supervision
scope of practice
due process
47
A RDH treats a pt. who depends on government funding, the same way she treats a private insurance pt she is practicing:
Confidentiality
Beneficence
Justice
Autonomy
48
Failure to deliver health care services can result in which of the following untoward consequences for the patient?
Substandard care
Sanctions
Criminal penalties
Complaint review
49
When was the inception of the profession of dental hygiene?
In the early 1900s
In the early 1800s
In 1979
In ancient Greece
50
Which of the following states does not require a license to practice as a dental hygienist?
None. All states grant a license to practice.
Connecticut
New Mexico
Alaska
51
Dental hygiene is a self-regulated health profession, obligated to be familiar with statutory & regulatory provisions.
True
False
52
A civil wrong that occurs when an individual does not intend the results of an action
unintentional tort
intentional tort
53
Adhering to the licensure requirements as defined in your state's practice act is indicative of which legal concepts?
Standard of Care
Malpractice
Scope of Practice
Negligence
54
A hostile environment occurs when any type of unwelcome sexual behavior creates an offensive or hostile environment.
False
True
55
A _____ is a wrongful act against a person that violates his or her person, privacy, or property or contractual rights.
civil offense
criminal offense
breach of contract
56
The process of documentation should be assigned to a staff person.
True
False
57
The photo is a visual representation of:
ADEAcompetencies
FundamentalPrinciples
Core Values
The Dental Hygiene Code of Ethics
58
The party bringing a claim in a criminal proceeding is a
prosecutor
plaintiff
jury
defendant
59
If a dental office treats every patient in a fair manner, the office is practicing:
Justice
Paternalism
Non-maleficence
Beneficence
60
Which member of the dental team is the primary oral preventive therapist?
Dental Assistant
Dentist
Dental hygienist
Receptionist
61
A dental hygienist is held to the standard of care for a
periodontist.
physician.
dentist.
dental hygienist.
62
According to HIPAA, the dental office can release information to:
To the current employer
To the prospective employer
To the insurance carrier
Another family member
63
It is expected that racial and ethnic minority groups will constitute the emerging majority of the U.S. population by
2040
2030
2060
2050
64
Immanuel Kant is associated with which of the following theories of ethical thinking?
None
Virtue ethics
Consequentialism
Nonconsequentialism
65
Which term is thought to be 1 of the strongest & most consistent & correlates with development of moral judgement?
social status
income
years of formal education
age
66
How does dental hygiene fit with the goals of health promotion established by U.S. Department of Health & Human Services
Dental hygienists are focused on prevention
Dental hygienists are licensed by their respective State Board of Dentistry
67
Which of the following is true of Piaget’s theory of cognitive moral development?
The model consists of three stages of moral development.
The model categorized stages in the moral development of male children.
The model defined moral development according to both levels and stages.
The model is developed according to the ethic of care.
68
The dental hygienist can practice independently as long as the patient is seen by a dentist within a specific timeframe
Prescriptive supervision
Direct supervision
Indirect supervision
General supervision
69
Which of the following is the correct sequence for the stages of mastery learning according to the competency continuum?
Master, competent, novice
Novice, competent, proficient
Competent, novice, master
Novice, proficient, competent
70
Which of the following is the most basic stage of Kohlberg’s three-level model of moral development?
Punishment and obedience orientation
Law and order orientation
Interpersonal concordance orientation
Social contract legalistic orientation
71
The principles between the ADHA and ADA Codes of Ethics are identical.
True
False
72
The legislative branch of government enacts the dental practice act.
True
False
73
The dentist needs to authorize services to allied dental staff, but does not need to be present in the facility
general supervision
indirect supervision
direct supervision
prescriptive supervision
74
Reading the patient’s _______ is a common method for gauging a patient’s reactions to diagnostic or treatment methods.
breathing
eyes
lips
gait
75
More than ___ million people in the United States are estimated to be underinsured or have no health insurance.
47
37
27
17
76
Questions of ________ are decided by judges, whereas questions of ________ are decided by juries.
deposition; interrogatory
interrogatory; deposition
fact; law
law; fact
77
A relationship based on responsibility between the patient and the health care provider is
fiduciary relationship
allegations
depositions
78
What is a duty to conform to a rule or custom?
Beneficence
Justice
Autonomy
Obligation
79
Avoiding hurt becomes the moral guide governing all moral reasoning according to Gilligan’s model of moral development.
Morality of nonviolence
Goodness as self-sacrifice
Orientation to individual survival
80
How often must a dental hygiene program undergo a formal, on-site review by the accrediting body?
Every year
Every 3 years
Every 7 years
Every 10 years
81
Documenting communication between the RDH & pt, the RDH should ensure notes are factual. Direct quotes from pt need " "
True
False
82
State statutory law that regulates the practice of dental hygiene.
False
True
83
Malpractice is a form of negligence that includes all liability-producing conduct resulting from health care delivery.
True
False
84
The higher standards expressed in a professional code of ethics & enforced by those within the profession represents __
a standard of practice.
self-regulating behavior.
an organized association
a service orientation.
85
A civil wrong that occurs when an individual intends the results of an action
unintentional tort
intentional tort
86
The dentist is present in the facility
General supervision
Prescriptive supervision
Direct supervision
Indirect supervision
87
Who was a proponent of utilitarianism?
John Stuart Mill
Plato
Immanuel Kant
Aristotle
88
Two major categories of civil law are
criminal law & tort law
contract law & criminal law
tort law & contract law
89
The _________ enforces federal laws against discrimination in the employment setting.
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
American Dental Hygienists’ Association
American Dental Association
Federal Trade Commission
90
Which of the following preemployment questions is permitted?
Native language
National origin, ancestry, and descent
Ability to meet specified work schedules and attendance requirements
Height and weight
91
Which of the following terms describe the judgement of conduct based on right & wrong?
Values
Ethics
Morals
Behavior
92
The dentist is present
General supervision
Direct supervision
Indirect supervision
Prescriptive supervision
93
If a dental hygienist starts practicing at a dental office before receiving the proper license, it violates:
Civil law
All of the above
Contract law
Criminal law
94
________ means “something for something.”
Ipsa loquitur
Tort
Quid pro quo
Res gestae
95
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 applies to employers with __ or more employees.
5
15
1
10
96
Legal matters other than criminal ones; includes torts and contractual agreements is
Civil law
Criminal law
97
According to Piaget, rules are tested and become internalized during which of the following stages of moral development?
Amoral stage
Egocentric stage
Autonomous stage
Heteronomous stage
98
Each of the following is recommended when utilizing social media EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
Avoid comments on dental care and treatment.
Pause before posting.
Friend or like patients.
Do not post any patient information.
99
Statutes of limitations for health care injury/malpractice actions are usually in the range of _________ yrs from act.
1-2
6-8
2-4
4-6
100
Which of the following models or professionalism presents dentistry as an all-knowing profession?
Interactive
Commercial
Guild
None