In which direction does heat always transfer?

From higher temperature to lower temperature

What are the two types of ventilation?

Natural and Mechanical, Passive and Active

How does a Corridor Façade manage airflow?

Story by story (floor by floor)

How do adaptive façades increase comfort?

Without needing air conditioning

What does trapped longwave radiation cause?

Heat builds in the room/interior

Typical glazing in Exhaust Air Façade?

Interior is typically single glazed, exterior is typically double glazed

What absorbs radiation in a Collector Façade?

The thermal mass behind the glass

What is a primary ECS type?

The building façade or exterior envelope

What is the relationship between façade efficiency and the HVAC load?

Façade efficiency impacts the HVAC load

What’s the purpose of Night Cooling?

Release heat stored in concrete floor/ceiling slabs

What do adaptive façades aim to do with climate?

Not "shut out" climate, but "make use" of climate instead

When are Distributed ECS more efficient than Central ones?

If needs of different zones vary widely

What happens to shortwave radiation after glass absorption?

It is transformed into longwave radiation

What do vertical shafts in Shaft Box Façades reduce?

Fewer exterior openings are needed compared to a Box Window Façade

What do light-directing systems help with?

They help natural light reach darker areas

Why is interior sun protection less effective?

Less because it deals with thermal energy after it has entered the room

What is a Brise-soleil?

Horizontal elements mounted at ceiling level far out from the façade

What defines a Second Skin Façade?

A continuous, uninterrupted airspace between façade layers

What’s an example of a Hydronic system?

Water heated with geothermal energy within pipes embedded in concrete walls

What contaminants may indoor air contain?

Dust, gases, CO2, odors, viruses, and bacteria

Where does exterior sun protection block solar radiation?

In front of the glazing before it enters the building

What is “frit” in fritted glass?

Pigmented glass particles used in ceramic-based paints

Which system offers more control when zones differ?

Central vs. Distributed systems

What is Gap Ventilation?

Leaks through openings, joints and seals

How can acoustics affect building performance?

Acoustic tile may dampen the use of a concrete slab as thermal mass

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L15_Environmental Systems Integration

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Questions 55

Answers

1
What’s the key difference between Active and Passive ECS?
Generate their own climate
Make use of the climate
Regulate the climate globally
Mimic the interior climate
2
In which direction does heat always transfer?
From areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
From higher temperature to lower temperature
From areas of low density to areas of high density
From lower temperature to higher temperature
3
What problems can uncontrolled sunlight cause?
Structural damage and material decay
Overheating and glare
Condensation and mold growth
Excessive noise and vibration
4
What are the two types of ventilation?
Centralized and Decentralized
Supply and Exhaust
Natural and Mechanical
Passive and Active
5
How does a Corridor Façade manage airflow?
By using vertical shafts connecting multiple stories
Through decentralized units in façade modules
Story by story (floor by floor)
By circulating air through a continuous, uninterrupted airspace
6
What does THI optimize?
Air circulation and humidity control
Light reflection and sound insulation
Heat gain and retain heat
Structural stability and aesthetic appearance
7
Which is not a heat transfer method?
Conduction
Evaporation
Convection
Radiation
8
Where are heating elements commonly placed?
Below the floor slab
Near the facade
In the ceiling plenum
Near interior partitions
9
How do adaptive façades increase comfort?
By reducing the amount of natural light entering the building
By completely isolating the building from the exterior
Without needing air conditioning
By significantly increasing energy consumption
10
What medium do Hydronic systems use?
Air
Refrigerant
Electricity
Water
11
What does trapped longwave radiation cause?
Heat builds in the room/interior
The glass becomes opaque
The room/interior cools down
The air pressure decreases
12
What element’s thermal mass is reduced by acoustic tile?
Concrete slab
Wooden floors
Steel beams
Gypsum board walls
13
Why is an Exhaust Air Façade "Active"?
Natural ventilation
Mechanical ventilation
Passive heating
Solar energy
14
In the Greenhouse Effect, what happens to shortwave radiation?
Visible light radiation
Alpha radiation
Longwave radiation
Ultraviolet radiation
15
What’s another name for Alternating Façades?
Integrated facades
Second Skin facades
Collector facades
Hybrid facades
16
What’s a benefit of Exhaust Air Façades?
It provides structural support
It eliminates the need for any other HVAC system
Good sound insulation
It maximizes uncontrolled heat gain
17
What system can adaptive buildings still support?
Natural ventilation only
Air conditioning (AC)
Rainwater harvesting
Passive heating systems
18
Typical glazing in Exhaust Air Façade?
Interior is typically double glazed, exterior is typically single glazed
Both layers are typically double glazed
Interior is typically single glazed, exterior is typically double glazed
Both layers are typically single glazed
19
Why are Shaft Box Façades bad for tall buildings?
Material costs
Ventilation needs
Maintenance access
Structural limitations
20
Which factor does not affect comfort?
Relative airflow
Mean radiation temperature
Air temperature
Building height
21
What absorbs radiation in a Collector Façade?
The glass layer
The thermal mass behind the glass
The air gap
The interior finishes
22
What is defined in the sources as the transmission of thermal energy across system boundaries?
Heat
Light
Radiation
Convection
23
What is a primary ECS type?
The HVAC system
The lighting system
The structural frame
The building façade or exterior envelope
24
What is the relationship between façade efficiency and the HVAC load?
Façade efficiency is irrelevant to the HVAC load
The HVAC load determines façade efficiency
Improved façade efficiency increases the HVAC load
Façade efficiency impacts the HVAC load
25
What’s a key advantage of Mechanical Ventilation?
They eliminate the need for fresh air intake
They are typically silent in operation
They require less space for ducts
Waste heat recovery
26
What’s the purpose of Night Cooling?
Increase humidity levels in the building
Generate electricity during the night
Release heat stored in concrete floor/ceiling slabs
Provide structural stability to the façade
27
What do adaptive façades aim to do with climate?
Minimize interaction with the climate
Completely shut out the climate
Not "shut out" climate, but "make use" of climate instead
Insulate the building against all external climate effects
28
When are Distributed ECS more efficient than Central ones?
In buildings with fewer zones
When overall system capacity is the primary concern
If needs of different zones vary widely
When acoustic insulation is the main goal.
29
What happens to shortwave radiation after glass absorption?
It is reflected back out through the glass
It remains shortwave radiation
It is dissipated immediately
It is transformed into longwave radiation
30
What other air contaminants are mentioned?
Lead paint particles
Radon and asbestos
Mold spores and pollen
Viruses and bacteria
31
What is in pipes of Chilled Ceilings in summer?
Refrigerant
Air
Cold water
Hot water
32
What do vertical shafts in Shaft Box Façades reduce?
It relies solely on natural ventilation
It is most economical for very tall buildings
It eliminates the need for any interior layer
Fewer exterior openings are needed compared to a Box Window Façade
33
What does Zoning in ECS address?
Environmental forces
Historical context
Material costs
Exterior landscaping
34
What % of people should be uncomfortable at most?
Less than 10%
Exactly 10%
More than 5%
Less than 25%
35
What is the max CO2 level for comfort?
0.05%
1.0%
0.2%
0.1-0.15%
36
What do light-directing systems help with?
They increase privacy by obstructing views
They are useful for providing structural support to the façade
They reduce exterior noise transmission
They help natural light reach darker areas
37
What’s behind the glass in a Trombe Wall?
Thermal mass
Water pipes
Reflective surfaces
Air vents
38
Why is interior sun protection less effective?
Primarily for aesthetic purposes rather than thermal control
Less because it deals with thermal energy after it has entered the room
Equally effective but less durable
More effective because it is closer to the occupants
39
Zoning in ECS also considers what?
Local building codes
Building orientation relative to north
Ownership
Historical occupancy data
40
What is a Brise-soleil?
Adjustable, linear, horizontal or vertical elements that shade a façade
Moveable textile systems like roller blinds or canopies
Horizontal elements mounted at ceiling level far out from the façade
Glass imprinted with silk-screened patterns
41
How does a Box Window Façade ventilate?
By drawing air from a continuous airspace behind the facade
Automatically without any opening
By opening the interior layer
Through vertical shafts connecting multiple stories
42
What defines a Second Skin Façade?
It alternates between double and single façade elements
It uses vertical shafts and box windows
A continuous, uninterrupted airspace between façade layers
It integrates decentralized ventilation units
43
What’s an example of a Hydronic system?
Water heated with geothermal energy within pipes embedded in concrete walls
Acoustic tile on a ceiling slab
Motorized windows for ventilation
A central air conditioning unit
44
What contaminants may indoor air contain?
Only bacteria and gases
Only odors and viruses
Only CO2 and dust
Dust, gases, CO2, odors, viruses, and bacteria
45
Where does exterior sun protection block solar radiation?
Within the glass layer of the façade
After it has been absorbed by interior surfaces
By the building's roof structure
In front of the glazing before it enters the building
46
Which window ventilation is most effective naturally?
Shaft ventilation
Gap ventilation
Cross ventilation
Motorized ventilation
47
What’s the climate goal of adaptive façades?
Generate their own climate
Make use of the climate
Mimic the interior climate
Regulate the climate globally
48
What is “frit” in fritted glass?
The patterned layer after firing
Pigmented glass particles used in ceramic-based paints
The protective coating applied after printing
The adhesive used to apply patterns to the glass
49
Which system offers more control when zones differ?
Central vs. Distributed systems
Hydronic vs. Air systems
Active vs. Passive systems
Natural vs. Mechanical ventilation systems
50
What is Gap Ventilation?
Airflow directed through vertical shafts
Airflow created by temperature differences
Leaks through openings, joints and seals
Ventilation controlled by mechanical fans
51
How can acoustics affect building performance?
Acoustic tile may dampen the use of a concrete slab as thermal mass
Double-pane windows improve acoustic insulation
Increased insulation thickness improves both acoustic performance
Using reflective surfaces for acoustic purposes can worsen glare issues
52
What is façade heating mainly used for?
To prevent condensation on the façade
To facilitate facade cleaning
To increase the aesthetic appeal of the façade
To reduce exterior noise transmission
53
How does Night Cooling affect slabs?
Releases heat stored in concrete floor/ceiling slabs
Causes condensation to form on the concrete slab
Increases the thermal mass of the concrete slab
Reduces the density of the concrete slab
54
Glazing in Exhaust Air Façade?
Both layers are typically double glazed
Interior: Single glazed, Exterior: Double glazed
Interior: Double glazed, Exterior: Single glazed
Both layers are typically single glazed
55
Heat moves from where to where?
Areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure
Lower temperature to higher temperature
Higher temperature to lower temperature
Areas of low pressure to areas of high pressure

L15_Environmental Systems Integration Flashcards | StudBud