type of chromatography, both the columns and the pumps are robust enough to handle very high pressures, allowing fast fl

Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)

Diagnostic specificity is the

ability of a test to correctly identify the absence of a given disease or c

The correlation coefficient

indicates the strength of relationship in a linear regression

Which one of these is best for a Six Sigma Project?

reducing defects in the billing and of blood wastage

When selecting quality control reagents for measuring an analyte in urine, the medical technologist should select

A quality control reagent prepared in a urine matrix

For the purposes of confirmatory drug testing, the method of choice is :

Liquid chromatography- Mass spectrometry

What are the major contributing factors to repetitive strain injuries?

position/posture, applied force, and frequency of repitition

Proper PPE in the chemistry laboratory for routine testing includes:

Impermeable lab coat with eye/face protection and appropriate disposable

Systematic error can best be described as consisting of :

constant and proportional error

Chemicals should be stored

according to their chemical properties and classification

Which of these is a best fit for a Kaizen project (Lean)?

improving the flow of the laboratory

Because almost all mass-spec instruments do this using a charge of 70eV, one may

Compare unknown spectra to published data

Personal protective equipment includes

gloves, safety glasses and labocoats

Reference interval transference studies

are used to verify a reference interval

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Clinical Chemistry 1

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Answers

1
type of chromatography, both the columns and the pumps are robust enough to handle very high pressures, allowing fast fl
Ion exchange chromatography
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)
None of the above
2
Interference studies typically use ______as an interferent.
highly lipemic specimens
all of these
highly icteric specimens
hemolyzed red blood cells
3
Which of the following does not require calibration in the clinical laboratory?
volumetric flask
liquid in glass thermometer
air displacement pipette
centrifuge
4
If two methods agree perfectly in a method comparison study, the slope equals ________ and the y-intercept equals ______
0.0, 0.0
0.5, 0.5
0.0, 1.0
1.0, 0.0
5
Diagnostic specificity is the
chance of an individual having a given disease or condition if the test is
ability of a test to detect a given disease or condition
chance an individual does not have a given disease or condition if the tes
ability of a test to correctly identify the absence of a given disease or c
6
The correlation coefficient
indicates the strength of relationship in a linear regression
expresses method imprecision
determines the regression type used to derive the slope and y-intercept
is always expressed as "b"
7
Which one of these is best for a Six Sigma Project?
design of a new lab
reducing defects in the billing and of blood wastage
reducing defects of blood wastage
selecting QC rules for a lab test
8
Beer’s Lambert Law of concentration and absorbance relationship is expressed as:
C=A/E
A=abc
V1 x C1=V2xC2
M X V= N
9
Which team member is the coach in a Lean Six Sigma project?
Yellow belts
Sponsors or Champions
blue belts
Black belts
10
What is the value in mg/dL for a solution containing 10mg of CaCl, made with 100ml of distilled water?
100
10
50
cannot determine
11
In steric exclusion chromatography, _____ molecules will elute faster than _____ molecules.
Delicious / unpalatable
Large / small
Electrically charged / electrically neutral
acidic / basic
12
When selecting quality control reagents for measuring an analyte in urine, the medical technologist should select
any quality control reagent as long as the analyte is pure
A quality control reagent prepared in a urine matrix
A quality control reagent prepared in a serum matrix
A quality control reagent prepared in DI water
13
QC results have to be within how many standard deviations (SD) to be considered acceptable?
2SD
1SD
3SD
14
Cation-exchange resins are ____ -charged, in order to interact with _____ -charged ions.
none of the above
Neutrally / neutrally
Positively / negatively
Negatively / positively
15
If a new test meets criteria less than the manufactures instructions. it is considered:
Lab modified
The upmost Quality
Lab rejected
Lab developed
16
Comparison of method studies:
are not required for non-waived tests.
estimate systemic error
are usually completed within 4 working days
use primary QC material and standards that span the reportable range
17
Which of the terms may be defined as the extent to which a measurement agrees with the true value of the analyte
accuracy
precision
linearity
reproducibility
18
___are weak acids or bases that minimize changes in the hydrogen ion concentration
Buffers
Analytes
Electrons
Ultrafiltratres
19
For the purposes of confirmatory drug testing, the method of choice is :
Liquid chromatography- Mass spectrometry
Steric exclusion chromatography
MALDI-TOF
Solid-phase analysis
20
What are the major contributing factors to repetitive strain injuries?
Temperature and vibration
Inattention on the part of the laboratorian
position/posture, applied force, and frequency of repitition
fatigue, clumsiness, and lack of coordination
21
A centrifuge needs to be balanced based on equalizing both the ___ & the ___ distribution across the centrifuge head.
Length, weight
Volume, length
b. Weight,height
Volume, weight
22
Proper PPE in the chemistry laboratory for routine testing includes:
Gloves with rubberized sleeve
Impermeable lab coat with eye/face protection and appropriate disposable
Safety glass for individuals not wearing contact lenses
Respirators with HEPA filter
23
The most common and inexpensive type of monochromator is
Interference filter
Glass prism
Diffraction grating
None of the above
24
Systematic error can best be described as consisting of :
proportional error
syntax error
random error
constant and proportional error
25
This is a solution that contains a known amount of an analyte and is used to calibrate an assay method.
assayed control
Cap survey
standard
patient samples
26
a value of an assayed control serum in the mean +/- 2 standard deviations, the probability of a value falling inside:
99.7%
65%
50%
95.5%
27
Icterus is caused by
Increased lipids
none of the above
Increased bilirubin pigment
Hemolyzed cells
28
What is the difference between serum and plasma?
fibrinogen
centrifuge speed
gel in tube
platelets
29
technology in which ions are injected tangentially to the electric field between the outer barrel like electrode and the
FWHM
Selective ion monitoring (SIM)
Orbitrap
Time of flight (TOF)
30
Chemicals should be stored
Inside a safety cabinet with proper ventilation
according to their chemical properties and classification
Inside a fume hood, if toxic vapors can be released when opened
Alphabetically, for easy accessibility
31
Which of the following containers is calibrated to hold only one exact volume of liquid?
volumetric flask
graduated cylinder
Griffin beaker
Erlenmeyer flask
32
________ is a process that uses pressure to force water through a semipermeable membrane, producing water that reflects
deionized water
ultrafiltration
distillation
reverse osmosis
33
What is the percent (w/v) for a solution containing 100g of NaCl made up to 500ml with distilled water?
58%
20 %
29%
5%
34
Laboratory liquid in glass thermometer should be calibrated against a NIST-certified thermometer.
True
False
35
In electrochemistry, spontaneous flow of electrons from an electrode with lower electron affinity is associated with :
Electronic cells
Half cells
none of the above
Galvanic cells
36
the average of the data points, or the sum of all data points divided by the number of points
mean
coefficient of variation
standard deviation
mode
37
Which of these is a best fit for a Kaizen project (Lean)?
design of a new laboratory
improving the flow of the laboratory
improving the turn around time of the laboratory
reducing laboratory billing errors
38
Because almost all mass-spec instruments do this using a charge of 70eV, one may
Encounter erratic molecular fragmentation behavior
none of the above
Ignore the need for instrument calibration
Compare unknown spectra to published data
39
A fire caused by a flamable liquid should be extinguished using which type of extiguisher?
Class B
pressurized water
Class C
Class A
40
Cathodes of phototubes act as _____ in the dark and emit ____ when exposed to light.
Monochromators / photons
Resistors / electrons
Inductors / protons
none of the above
41
Which of the following is not necessary for obtaining the spectrum of a compound from 190 to 500 nm?
Quartz cuvettes
Photomultiplier
Double-beam spectrophotometer
Tungsten light source
42
Personal protective equipment includes
gloves, safety glasses and lipstick
gloves, safety glasses and labocoats
gloves
hairspray, pepper spray, and bug spray
43
Which one of these methods is used for some immunological methods measuring hormones and tumor markers?
Flame photometry
all of the above
Turbidity/nephelometry
Chemiluminescence
44
For method development studies, which analytical performance test should be done first?
recovery
interference studies
imprecision studies
comparison of methods
45
Which of the following techniques has the highest potential sensitivity?
Nephelometry
Fluorescence
Turbidimetry
Chemiluminescence
46
Stray light in a spectrophotometer places limits on:
Sensitivity
Upper range of linearity
Photometric accuracy below 0.1 absorbance units
Use of a grating monochromator
47
Which of the following standards requires that SDSs are accessible to all employees who come in contact with a hazardous
Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
CDC Regulations
Personal Protection Equipment Standard
Hazard Communication Standard
48
Reference interval transference studies
are used to establish a reference interval
are used to verify a reference interval
use a 68% reference limit for acceptability
require as many as 120 normal donors
49
What is not a major component of the IQCP?
Risk assessment
SDS
Quality control plan
Quality Assurance
50
The risk assessment plan is based on ranking severity of failure, frequency of occurrence & probability of harm to a pt
True
False
51
The methodology for a Lean Six Sigma QI team will include consideration of all of the following factors except:
analyze
communication
measure
define
52
What is the dilution factor for a solution containing 100g of NaCl made up to 500ml with distilled water?
10
50 or 1/50
1:5 or 1/5
5
53
Which of the following refers to the movement of buffer ions and solvent relative to the fixed support?
Isoelectric focusing
Zone electrophoresis
Electroendosmosis
Iontophoresis
54
Which one of these processes is not a part of the QCP plan?
Proficiency testing
all of these are included
Training and competency
Internal controls
55
Of the following, which is not reportable to the Dept. of Labor?
a Laboratorian with a persistant cough that is only triggered at work
A laboratorian who was stuck by a contaminated needle after performing phle
A laboratorian who forgot to wear his lab coat and gloves while diluting s
A laboratorian that experienced a chemical burn
56
Which of the following are examples of non ionizing radiation?
neutron radiation
gamma rays and x-rays
ultraviolet light and microwave
Alpha and beta radiation
57
Class _____ fires present special problems and extinguishment is left to trained firefighters using special dry chemical
Class A
Class D
Class C
Class B
58
Which one of these is not a part of the post analytical phase?
Specimen management
Maintenance and calibration
Final results being released
Communication of alert values (critical values)
59
Which of the following is true concerning fluorometry?
Emission wavelengths are always set at lower frequencies than excitation.
he detector is always placed at right angles to the excitation beam
All compounds undergo fluorescence
Fluorometers require special detectors
60
An IQCP replaces what quality control program
CMS
Six Sigma
EOC
CAP
61
In partition chromatography, the polar molecules remain in the _____ solvent, and non plolar molecules are extracted In
aqueous, organic
Organic, aqueous
62
The ratio of concentrated or stock solution to the total solution volume is called ____________________
Serial DIlution
Dilution Factor
Dilution
Diluent
63
Chemicals should be stored alphabetically for easy access
True
False
64
Once a specimen is processed, the lab scientist should note any presence of serum or plasma characteristics such as:
all of the above
Hemolysis
Lipemia
Icterus
65
In this ionization source, droplets are not charged and the source contains a heated vaporizer to allow rapid desolvatio
Flame ionization
Thermal conductivity
Electrospray ionization (ESI)
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
66
When measuring volumes using glasswares, the technologist should read from the bottom of the _________________ .
meniscus
pippete
graduated line
container
67
If the occurrence of incorrect patient results happens occasionally (once per year) and the risk level is Not acceptable
Serious
Negligible
Minor
Critical
68
Allowable analytical error is:
best if it is greater than the total error
a combination of random and systemic error
used only for research and initial evaluation studies
69
An ROC includes all of the following except:
plots sensitivity and 1 - specificity
perfect test = an area under the curve <1.0
can be used to compare two different tests
equals receiver operator characteristic
70
Examples of typical reference interval data distribution plots include all of the following except
nonparametric
ROC
parametric
bimodal
71
A fire caused by electrical equipment should be extinguished with which type of extinguisher?
Class B
Class C
Class A
Halogen
72
The support materials for electrophoresis include all of these except:
Agarose gel
starch gel
bromide gel
Cellulose acetate
73
Most photometric instruments use ____ to select or isolate a narrow range of incident wavelength.
prisms
all of the above
Filters
gratings
74
The visible spectrum of light falls between _____ nm and ______ nm.
200/ 700
200 / 400
400 / 700
700 / 1000
75
Isolated bacterial/fungal colonies can be directly spotted on the MALDI plate & ionized which results in a protein “___"
Diagram
fingerprint
chain
vesicle
76
The process that encompasses all aspects of laboratory operation including patient identification, specimen collection,
quality assurance
reliability
Quality control
accuracy
77
to evaluate a moderately complex laboratory test, all of the following must be done except:
analytical sensitivity and specificity
accuracy and precision
verification of the reference interval
reportable range
78
To elute an analyte from an ion-exchange column, you must flush it out with a solvent bearing ions of the same charge
False
True
79
An indirect method of potentiometry uses blood gas analyzers to measure ion activity in whole blood & control conditions
True
False
80
If QC limits of acceptability are exceeded, the laboratory must assure the accuracy of patient result:
for the day of testing.
or all specimens obtained from the patient at the same time.
before patient testing can be performed.
for all analysis performed on that specimen regardless if the QC was accept
81
A Gaussian distribution is usually
bell shaped
uniform
skewed
rectangular
82
The fire tetrahedron is used to illustrate conceptually that any fire can be extinguished if these elements is removed:
heat
air
all of the above
fuel
83
Process Sigma is usually represented by:
DMAIC
DPMO
CLIA
SIPOC
84
a shift is an abrupt change in performance that becomes continuous
False
True
85
Which electrochemical assay measures current at fixed potential?
Amperometry
Anodic stripping voltammetry
Electrophoresis
Coulometry
86
Strong acids or bases should be ________________ before disposal.
none of the above, toss them
strengthened with more acid
combined with bleach
Neutralized
87
Proficiency testing is a component of Quality Assurance that assesses:
the quality control system.
whether breaks may be taken in the lab
inaccurate test results.
personnel competency, system troubleshooting and accurate test results
88
Based on the Planck equation, the energy of electromagnetic radiation is _____ to its _______.
Inversely proportional / velocity
Directly proportional / wavelength
Directly proportional / velocity
Inversely proportional / wavelength
89
A slow, gradual increase in the values obtained for quality control analysis is indicative of a calibration error
shift
calibration error
miscalculation
trend
90
The difference between maximum wavelengths, excitation, and emitted fluorescence, is called the Stokes shift.
True
False
91
A new medical technologist was selecting analyte standards to develop a standard curve for a high-performance liquid chr
ACS with impurities listed
CP
ACS with no impurities listed
USP
92
What are the key components of Risk Assessment in IQCP?
all of the above
environment
test system
Testing personel
93
Which of the following light sources is used in atomic absorption spectrophotometry?
Deuterium lamp
Xenon arc lamp
Hollow-cathode lamp
Tungsten light
94
Lean addresses which of the following?
eliminating waste
variation
DMAIC phases
7 to 9 month projects
95
Which of the following errors is not considered a preanalytical error?
during phlebotomy, the EDTA tube was collected prior to the red top tube.
the blood was not permitted to clot and was spun in the centrifuge 6 minute
The patient was improperly identified leading to a mislabeled blood sample.
The serum sample was diluted with tap water
96
A patient's serum sample was placed on the chemistry analyzer and the output indicated "out of range" for the measuremen
Tap water
DI water
Type lll water
Type 1 Water
97
A reference range can be verified by
literature and vendor material review
using samples from previously tested hospital patients
testing as few as 20 normal donor specimens
using pharmacy-provided plasmanate spiked with target analyte concentrati
98
One liter of 4 N sodium hydroxide accidentally fell and spilled on the laboratory floor, the first step is to:
Alert and evacuate those in the immediate area out of harm's way
Squirt water on the spill to dilute the chemical
call 911
Neutralize with absorbing materials in a nearby spill kit
99
Which of the following is the proper means of disposal for the type of waste?
Microbiologic waste by steam sterilization
Mercury by burial
Radioactive waste by incineration
Xylene into the sewer system
100
Colligative properties include:
Osmotic pressure
Vapor pressure
Boiling and freezing point
all of the above

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