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PS 212 Final Exam Review CR
PS 212 Final Exam Review CR
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1
Referring to funerals as "homegoings," seeing death as a transition, and seeing a holistic life/death cycle are parts of
traditional Irish rituals meaningful for Irish-Americans today
traditional Italian rituals meaningful for Italian-Americans today
traditional West African rituals meaningful for African-Americans today
traditional Chinese rituals meaningful for Chinese-Americans today
2
The country that spends more on health care than any other industrialized country is
Sweden
Japan
the United States.
Belgium
3
This person is believed in many traditional societies to have access to and influence in the spirit world.
doula
necroman
soothsayer
shaman
4
When a turtle joined the goldfish, Shari had to revise her existing view of aquarium inhabitants. Piaget called this
object permanence
conservation
accommodation
assimilation
5
The type of suicide associated with people who are disenfranchised or not well integrated into society is
anomic suicide.
fatalistic suicide.
egoistic suicide.
altruistic suicide.
6
The goal of psychoanalysis is to
repress maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and impulses
transfer thoughts, feelings, and impulses onto the psychoanalyst
bring unconscious thoughts, feelings, and impulses into conscious awareness
support the acting out of unconscious thoughts, feelings, and impulses
7
When we use the behavioral technique of extinction, we can expect
immediate cessation of the undesired behavior.
intermittent, random decreases and increases in the undesired behavior.
rapid extinction of the behavior and then gradual recurrence.
an extinction burst where the undesired behavior increases & then stops.
8
10-year-old Richie bullies Joana, a classmate on whom he has a crush. Freud would call this behavior
reaction formation
sublimation
displacement
projection
9
We are more likely to be persuaded when we see the source of the persuasion as
officious, intimidating, and authoritarian
expert, authoritative, and intimidating
authoritative, officious, and intimidating
expert, attractive, and trustworthy
10
"Any time anybody helps anybody with a problem" is
Van Beck's simple definition of counseling.
Freud's simple definition of psychoanalysis.
Rogers' simple definition of person-centered therapy.
Beck's simple definition of cognitive therapy.
11
All of the following are listed in the National Funeral Directors' Association's 4 funeral cost categories EXCEPT
disposition
funeral director costs (e.g., services, facilities, merchandise, etc.)
post-funeral intensive grief psychotherapy
memorialization
12
The term that Erik Erikson used to describe human developmental stages:
sociobiological crises
psychosocial crises
psychoanalytic crises
existential crises
13
Your therapist says that your negative interpretation of events is causing your depression; their theoretical view is
behavioral
cognitive
psychoanalytic
humanistic
14
All of the following may decrease a funeral director's ability to deal with their own grief EXCEPT
doing the ongoing work to process their own history of grief and mourning.
handling an especially challenging death.
having personal unresolved loss challenges come up.
handling a loss similar to one that they have experienced.
15
All of the following are stages of the general adaptation syndrome EXCEPT
alarm
termination
exhaustion
resistance
16
The following quality is not helpful for funeral directors to display in arrangement interviews.
sincere attention to family expression
genuine humility
eagerness to demonstrate expertise and importance
self-awareness and reflection
17
This theorist believed that we developed over the lifespan through a series of psychosocial crises.
Erik Erikson
Aaron Beck
Sigmund Freud
Carl Rogers
18
When a couple loses a child to death, ________________ represent a major source of relational conflict.
differences in shopping and spending styles
different understandings of the child's cause of death
in-law relationships
differences in values, beliefs, and expectations
19
Most social science research is based on participants who are
college students of color.
of East Asian ancestry.
elders from diverse backgrounds.
White and middle-class.
20
Freud used the term "unconscious" to refer to
negative self-talk
our lifetime history of conditioning
thoughts and feelings of which we are aware
thoughts and feelings of which we are not aware
21
Bandura said that verbal persuasion, or telling someone that they are capable, can help them believe in their own
positive self-talk
positive reinforcement
self-efficacy
reemergence
22
Thrill-seeking behaviors may reflect
attempts to deny death anxiety.
negative self-talk.
cognitive distortions.
reactive attachment disorder.
23
The type of suicide by which a person expresses their ultimate commitment to a moral principle is
altruistic suicide.
fatalistic suicide.
egoistic suicide.
anomic suicide.
24
Couples with this attraction factor are less likely to divorce than couples without it.
emotional intelligence
similarity
difference
reinforcement
25
The study of global ethnic and indigenous health/illness beliefs is
prayer.
ethnomedicine.
bioenergetics.
expressive arts therapy.
26
A notice of a person's death that typically includes a biography and information about survivors is a(n)
online memorial
memo
obituary
eulogy
27
Suicide seen as a way to escape intolerable torment and desperation in life is
anomic suicide.
preemptive suicide.
surcease suicide.
fatalistic suicide.
28
Benjamin Rush introduced this therapeutic approach to the US.
psychoanalysis
cognitive-behavioral therapy
moral therapy
rational-emotive behavior therapy
29
All of the emotional, physical, and behavioral reactions to the death of a loved one are termed collectively
bereavement.
grief.
mourning.
shock.
30
Being told that you may not have fast food and then wanting it even more is an example of
subliminal persuasion.
reaction formation.
reactance.
projection.
31
Another term used for
personalized funerals
is
ego funerals
aqua funerals
green funerals
life-centered funerals
32
All of the following behaviors will support families' developing trust in funeral directors EXCEPT
showing active wisdom and caring.
playing a passive role.
playing an active role.
showing compassion.
33
Abraham Maslow considered all of the following historical figures to have attained self-actualization EXCEPT
Albert Schweitzer
George H. W. Bush
Abraham Lincoln
Eleanor Roosevelt
34
Excess black bile was believed to lead to depression in the theory of
Skinner
Rogers
Freud
Hippocrates
35
Sociological thanatology does NOT focus on
social interactions
cultural rituals
mechanisms and forensic practices
pain and symptom control
36
Kubler-Ross said that people with terminal prognoses experienced all of the following EXCEPT
denial.
belief.
bargaining.
acceptance.
37
Cremation is preferred over interment by
Judaism.
Islam.
Christianity.
Buddhism.
38
In the mature understanding of death, universality refers to the fact that
all living things die.
death has clear and specific causes.
death means that all life ceases.
after dying, living things do not come back to life.
39
A typical traditional Japanese family grave for ashes is a
haka
columbarium
chaka
spirit tablet
40
9-year-old Leila understands that 2 differently-sized bottles can hold equal amounts, reflecting Piaget's
sensorimotor stage of cognitive development
concrete operational stage of cognitive development
formal operational stage of cognitive development
preoperational stage of cognitive development
41
Which statement reflects the "slippery slope" or "wedge" argument?
Euthanasia is contrary to the Hippocratic Oath.
Euthanasia is wrong ethically because medical diagnoses are not infallible.
Legalizing euthanasia creates a burden on the judiciary system.
Legalizing voluntary euthanasia would lead to involuntary euthanasia.
42
Kastenbaum's death system (people, places/contexts, times, objects, and symbols) functions to do all EXCEPT
deny that death is a part of life
dispose of the dead
make sense of death
prevent death
43
Messages seem to result in the greatest attitude change when they
differ dramatically from our existing beliefs.
do not differ much from our existing beliefs.
are identical to our existing beliefs.
are diametrically opposed to our existing beliefs.
44
Circumstances that may be likely to contribute to complicated grief for an adolescent include
a car crash killing members of the high school football team
death of a great-grandparent of natural causes at age 103
death of the elderly former mayor of a nearby town
death of a distant relative whom the bereaved met once over a decade ago
45
Introspection
referred to a method in which participants experienced sensory stimuli and then
drew a picture
expressed their feelings and impulses without censoring them
shared their dreams from the previous night
thought inwardly about their conscious experience
46
The process of deterioration in the body's systems and organs is
clinical decomposition
cellular death.
brain death.
electroencephalographic death
47
The Piagetian stage in which young children explore the world through their mouths and their fine and gross motor skills
sensorimotor
preoperational
concrete operational
formal operational
48
The type of counseling used specifically following an individual or community crisis is
situational counseling.
informational counseling.
directive counseling.
supportive counseling.
49
If someone dies intestate (without a will), their property will be distributed based on
spousal requests.
federal rules.
family wishes.
state law.
50
The correct developmental sequence of Piaget's stages of cognitive development:
sensorimotor, formal operational, concrete operational, preoperational
concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor, preoperational
preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
51
Another term for (informed) consent for a certain treatment is
50% risk rule.
rebuttal.
inquiry.
assent.
52
Psychic maneuvers that may promote violence include all of the following EXCEPT
perceiving people as objects/less than human
encouraging a person to believe that they are "above the law"
seeing oneself as worthless
Encouraging a potential perpetrator to have empathy with intended victims
53
Death of a sibling is particularly likely to cause questions about life/death, good/evil, and the meaning of life in
young children.
adolescents.
young adults.
elders.
54
A vault or building often near a church where human skeletal remains were stored was a
morgue
medical examiner's office
charnel house
attic
55
Psychologists use all of the following methods to explore personality EXCEPT
structured interviews
case studies
horoscopes
psychological assessments
56
After her 1st day of kindergarten, Tonya can name her classroom number and her teacher's name, in line with Piaget's
concrete operational cognitive developmental stage
sensorimotor cognitive developmental stage
preoperational cognitive developmental stage
formal operational cognitive developmental stage
57
Developing this mindset will support funeral director mental health.
avoiding all personal stressors
striving for perfection in all endeavors
acceptance of their own imperfections
ignoring the needs of others
58
People who have near-death experiences report
visiting the underworld.
an altered sense of self-esteem.
leaving the body.
taking a pilgrimage to an afterlife shrine.
59
Your counselor focuses on your psychological strengths and your resilience, consistent with
positive psychology
psychoanalysis
behavioral psychology
cognitive-behavioral psychology
60
One mandate of hospice programs is to
prescribe the right way to die
provide family financial services
offer alternative treatment options
provide follow-up bereavement services
61
Kellehear's idea of the compassionate city includes all of the following EXCEPT
a closed circle of safety and support that prohibits outside interference
a commitment to spiritual and storytelling traditions
a focus on the needs of elders, bereaved, & those with serious illnesses
a strong commitment to social and cultural differences
62
Death awareness adds dimension to life by reminding us about
things that we have left undone.
our histories and heritages.
life's precious, fragile nature.
the fact that family is everything.
63
A special kind of bodily existence with symbolic or spiritual meaning
is our text's definition of
reincarnation.
resurrection.
fetal development.
regular church attendance.
64
Paraphrasing is
asking questions about what the family said.
using leading questions to support families' making good choices.
using your own words to show families that you understood what they said.
listening actively to the family's expressions.
65
Treatment options considered by the medical establishment to be unproven and/or potentially harmful are called
complementary therapies.
curanderismo.
unorthodox therapies.
bioenergetics.
66
Disenfranchised grief relates to
losses that are not socially acknowledged or supported by ritual.
losses that happen when we are not at home.
losses that do not happen at fast food establishments.
losses that do not fit with our cognitive schemas.
67
After experiencing a life-threatening hurricane, Samuel may overreact to future storms, consistent with
mood disorder
psychotic disorder
generalized anxiety disorder
post-traumatic stress disorder
68
Learning a relaxation technique to associate with a phobia is the treatment called
mindful conditioning.
systematic desensitization.
aversion therapy.
exposure therapy.
69
When a funeral director talks too much, they are not able to
show their expertise.
share their own experiences.
listen.
provide enough information.
70
A behavior that is helpful when responding to a person/people in crisis is
reflection.
making judgments.
debating.
asking lots of questions.
71
Structuring restful activities, physical activity, and stress management are suggestions for
alleviating stress.
increasing stress.
decreasing mindfulness.
decreasing productivity.
72
"Hush, Little Baby" and "Rock-a-Bye, Baby" are examples in English of the worldwide history of focusing on death in
nursery rhymes
eulogies
lullabies
dance tunes
73
Musical expressions related to death include all EXCEPT
keening
dirge
ode
lament
74
Children experiencing family illness and/or death can take changes in this as warnings about future challenges.
family routines
family meals
family communication patterns
family outing patterns
75
Sharing the story of a loss achieves all of the following EXCEPT
brings people together in mutual support
provides emotional relief
promotes the search for meaning
encourages ongoing mourning after the funeral
76
Native American death songs
represent attempts to bargain with the gods to avoid death.
summarize the story and values of the deceased's life.
are used in ancestor worship rituals.
are used to transition the dead into their new roles.
77
Sandy has only drawn with crayons. When she gets her first pencil, she draws with it the same way, illustrating Piaget's
concept of object permanence
concept of conservation
concept of assimilation
concept of accommodation
78
The term "life span" refers to
theoretical projection of healthy years of life
theoretical projected life length based on optimal circumstances
Ayurvedic body type
theoretical projected genetic lifelong tendencies
79
Nirvana
means
bliss.
retirement.
utopia.
extinction.
80
Relational conflicts, relationship importance, and cause of death can all affect
arrangement interviews.
non-traditional funeral choices.
grief trajectories.
speed of probate.
81
All of the following are included in Van Beck's list of the Six Logical Steps of the funeral EXCEPT
the farewell ritual.
the event of the death.
legal problems connected to probate.
notification of the event.
82
Nearing death, Selene looks back on her long life with satisfaction. She has resolved Erikson's psychosocial crisis of
identity vs. role confusion
integrity vs. despair
generativity vs. stagnation
intimacy vs. isolation
83
The cognitive perspective focuses on
thinking
physiology
emotions
culture
84
You have difficulty coping with stress, meeting goals, and managing anxiety, consistent with the Big Five trait of
extraversion
agreeableness
openness to experience
neuroticism
85
In order to deal with stress, it is important to be able to
delegate responsibility and authority.
complete all tasks yourself to make sure that they are done right.
avoid focusing on signs of personal burnout.
avoid sharing your concerns with others.
86
Restlessness and/or mental activity are characteristic of the
dissonant grieving style
instrumental (linear) style of grieving
consonant grieving style
intuitive (affective) style of grieving
87
When discussing death with a child, it is important to
give an honest explanation using language that the child can understand.
be as vague as possible so that the child does not feel anxious.
avoid talking about it unless it becomes a crisis.
use euphemisms so that the child will not worry.
88
Grief counseling has all of the objectives listed below EXCEPT
avoiding all feelings connected to the loss.
exploring thoughts and feelings connected to the loss.
gaining insight.
functioning better on the daily level.
89
If you score high on the altruism trait on your personality inventory instrument, you may be likely to
throw your coworker under the bus to serve your own interests
spread gossip at work because you feel knowledgeable when you do so
order the most expensive menu item when you're splitting the bill equally
give your seat on the subway to someone who needs it more
90
Kastenbaum's concept of "the good death" includes all of the following EXCEPT
an ending to the long, contemplative journey
a transfiguring experience enacting high values
the coherent final phase of a good life
affirmation of significant personal relationships
91
Using our existing internal and external resources to solve new problems that we have never seen before is
emotional IQ
crystallized intelligence
fluid intelligence
emotional intelligence
92
The Latin word
humare
, meaning this, became the root of the word "humanity."
to bury
to stand upright
to cook
to socialize
93
Much of ancient Egyptians' focus in life was on
debasing ancestors.
raging against death.
preparation for the afterlife.
serving ancestors.
94
Circumstances that can lead to traumatic reactions include
creative group problem-solving.
war and physical assault.
connectedness to spirit.
trust in social institutions.
95
The choice that is not a characteristic of a helping funeral director is
empathy.
warmth.
asking too many questions.
genuineness.
96
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) relates to
a goal of the Homeland Security Department
emergency room personnel management
hospital triage
intervention after traumatic occurrences
97
Joey attends church every Sunday so his neighbors will see him as a good Christian, consistent with Kohlberg's
self-centered stage of moral development
preconventional stage of moral development
postconventional stage of moral development
conventional stage of moral development
98
Our text says that some Native Americans signify mourning by
cutting their own hair short.
burying beloved clothing.
fasting for 4 days.
eating ceremonial feast foods.
99
The psychoanalytic technique of free association involves
getting a bonus session at the conclusion of each quarter.
sharing thoughts, feelings, images without censoring them.
joining a local group of psychoanalysis patients to share experiences.
hanging out with a diverse crowd and sharing about it in therapy.
100
An undesirable way to start a sentence in an arrangement interview is
"What do you think?"
"If I were you."
"Something that has worked for some people is."
"How does that sound to you?"