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Psychology - Intelligence
Psychology - Intelligence
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A.P. Psychology
Flashcards
64 cards
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Questions
64
Answers
1
To combine words into grammatically sensible sentences, we need to apply proper rules of
semantics
syntax
phonics
simulation
2
The Atkinson-Schriffrin 3-stage information-processing model introduced distinctions among
shallow processing, semantic processing, deep processing
recall, recognition, relearning
serial position effect, spacing effect, testing effect
sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory
3
A normal curve would represent the distribution of
American schoolchildren in terms of their ages
the American population in terms of gender
all of these groups
American women in terms of their physical heights
4
Sternberg distinguished among analytical, practical, and _________ intelligence.
intrapersonal
creative
musical
spatial
5
2-factor theory of emotion places more emphasis on importance of ___ than James-Lange theory
subjective well-being
catharsis
physiological arousal
cognitive activity
6
The use of barbituates _______anxiety and _______nervous system activity.
decreases; increases
increases; decreases
increases; increases
decreases; decreases
7
Taking away a license of a reckless driver is intended to serve as a
negative punishment
positive reinforcement
positive punishment
negative reinforcement
8
The spillover effect is best explained in terms of the
catharsis hypothesis
relative deprivation principle
two-factor theory
adaptation-level phenomenon
9
Consciousness is to unconsciousness as _______ is to _________.
tolerance; withdrawal
latent content; manifest content
delta wave; alpha wave
sequential processing; parallel processing
10
Three key attitudes of scientific inquiry are
ingenuity, practicality, certainty
certainty, creativity, curiousity
pride, enthusiasm
curiosity, skepticism, humility
11
The pop-out phenomenon illustrates that some stimuli almost inevitably trigger
hypnagogic sensations
toaster effect
narcolepsy
selective attention
12
A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of a neuron is called the
action potential
tickle me Elmo effect
agonist
refractory period
13
When animals revert from a newly learned habit to their biologically predisposed behaviors...
instinctive drift
spontaneous recovery
latent learning
law of effect
14
Any stimulus, when presented after a response strengthens the response is called a(n)
positive reinforcer
unconditioned stimulus
conditioned stimulus
negative reinforcer
15
If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of
content validity
predictive validity
reliability
standardization
16
Night terrors typically occur
following sleep apnea
among older adults
during NREM-3 sleep
during REM sleep
17
Maslow referred to the needs for purpose & meaning that lie beyond the self as
self-esteem needs
belongingness needs
self-actualization needs
self-transcendence needs
18
Which of the following is an example of respondent behavior?
picking your nose
thanking someone for their help
studying for a test
blushing when embarrassed
19
Nociceptors trigger neural impulses in response to a sprain or a burn. This illustrates
perceptual adaptation
psychokinesis
transduction
the bunny hop
20
Sensory experiences that occur without an external sensory stimulus are called
hallucinations
restless toe syndrome
dissociations
night terrors
21
Amplified recording of waves of electrical activity that sweep across the surface of the brain
EEG
MRI
PET scan
fMRI
22
By testing their predictions with the observational method of science, psychologists are using
empirical approach
independent variable
a correlation coefficient
standard deviation
23
Without conscious effort, your ______ prepares you to fight or flee from dangerous situations.
autonomic nervous system
relative deprivation
adaptation level
emotion-focused coping
24
Titchener was concerned primarily with the study of
sensory experiences
inherited traits
social relationships
psychological disorders
25
The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is a
morphene
proototype
suffix
phoneme
26
Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as
epinephrine
endorphins
a parking meter
dopamine
27
Feelings of hunger are decreased by the hormone
ghrelin
serotonin
orexin
PYY
28
Feature detectors identified by Hubel & Weisel consist of
bipolar cells
ganglion cells
rods and cones
nerve cells in the brain
29
Hypnagogic sensations are most closely associated with _________ sleep
NREM-2
NREM-3
REM
NREM-1
30
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning is call a(n)
conditioned response
unconditional stimulus
unconditioned response
conditioned stimulus
31
Imitating another person's facial expression of emotion is most likely to facilitate
a punch in the nose
the feel-good, do-good phenomenon
hiccups
empathy
32
Replication of a research study is most likely to be facilitated by
hindsight bias
the placebo effect
ass-kicking
operational definitions
33
Nociceptors trigger neural impulses in response to a sprain or a burn. This illustrates
transduction
psycho-Barbie
tinnitus
psychokenisis
34
Achievement tests are designed to
compare person's personality with highly successful persons
assess ability to produce novel & valuable ideas
measure desire/potential capacity to meet challenges
assess learned knowledge or skills
35
Compared with the structuralists, early behaviorists were less likely to focus on study of
thinking
screaming
smiling
fighting
36
Aptitude tests are to ____________ as achievement tests are to _______________.
current competence; future performance
past competence; current interests
future performance; current competence
current interests; past competence
37
the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the
limbic system and endocrine system
somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
brain and spinal cord
cerebrum and cerebellum
38
A cross-sectional study is one in which
different age groups are tested at the same time
different characteristics of a person are assessed at once
the same people are retested over a period of years
the behavior of a group is assessed by different researchers
39
The pop-out phenomenon illustrates that some stimuli almost inevitably trigger
narcolepsy
neuroadaptation
selective attention
hypnagogic sensations
40
Ebbinghaus' use of nonsense syllables to study memory led to the discovery that
what is learned in one mood is easily retrieved in same mood
information automatically processed is rarely forgotten
our sensory memory capacity is essentially unlimited
the amount remembered depends on the time spent learning
41
Howard Gardner identified a total of _______ intelligences.
8
3
5
0
42
According to the opponent-process theory, cells that are turned "on" by
red light are turned "off" by blue light
green light are turned "off" by red light
yellow light are turned "off" by red light
green light are turned "off" by blue light
43
A drug that mimics the effects of a particular neurotransmitter is called a(n)
opiate
glob of phlegm
steroid
agonist
44
The amount of light entering the eye is regulated by the
retina
feature detectors
optic nerve
iris
45
Consciousness is to unconsciousness as ________ is to _________.
sequential processing; parallel processing
delta wave; alpha wave
latent content; manifest content
tolerance; withdrawal
46
Normal visual sensation in the absence of complete visual perception is best illustrated by
prosopagnosia
tinnitus
boredom
synaesthesia
47
The role of learning in motivation is most obvious from the influence of
incentives
arousal
instincts
homeostasis
48
The feature detectors indentified by Hubel and Weisel consist of
bipolar cells
ganglion cells
nerve cells in the brain
rods and cones
49
Resistance to extinction is most strongly encouraged by ______________ reinforcement.
negative
delayed
conditioned
intermittent
50
The eugenics movement would have been most likely to encourage
selective breeding of highly intelligent people
creation of special education for intellectually inferior
use factor analysis for id of types of intelligence
construction of racially/culturally unbiased tests
51
The ovaries in females and the testes in males are part of the
sympathetic nervous system
central nervous system
intercourse system
endocrine system
52
In addition to secreting orexin, the ____ monitors levels of the body's other appetite hormones
hypothalamus
hippocampus
amygdala
cerebellum
53
Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems & make judgments efficiently are
fixations
heuristics
algorithms
brain farts
54
Efficient communication between brain centers requires ample white matter containing
neural cell bodies
sensory neurons
fluid intelligence
axons
55
Skinner developed a behavioral technology that included a procedure known as
shaping
modeling
latent learning
intrinsic motivation
56
Hypnagogic sensations are most closely associated with ____________ sleep.
NREM-1
NREM-3
NREM-2
REM
57
Brightness is to intensity as hue is to
wavelength
color
amplitudes
pitch
58
The level of serotonin in the brain is
increased by a diet high in protein
increased by a diet high in carbohydrates
decreased by a diet high in salt
decreased by a diet high in sugar
59
WAIS was initially created by
David Wechsler
William Stern
Howard Gardner
Robert Sternberg
60
Normal visual sensation in the absence of complete visual perception is best illustrated by
fartitis
tinnitus
synesthesia
prosopagnosia
61
A dieter whose weight falls below his set point is likely to experience a(n)
increase in hunger & decrease in metabolic rate
increase in hunger & an increase in metabolic rate
decrease in hunger & decrease in metabolic rate
decrease in hunger & increase in metabolic rate
62
Spearman's
g factor
refers to
highly developed skill or talent
general intelligence underlying successful performance
ability to understand and regulate emotions
genetic contribution to intelligence
63
Ten distinct & basic emotions were identified by
William James
Charles Darwin
Caroll Izard
Stanley Schachter
64
Ability to delay gratification in pursuit of long-range rewards is characteristic of
divergent thinking
emotional intelligence
heritability
savant syndrome