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Memory (Introduction)
Memory (Introduction)
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#cognition #psychology
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1
This type of memory is our knowledge of things like multiplication tables, word meanings, state capitals, etc.
Procedural memory
Semantic memory
Episodic memory
Declarative memory
2
Your memories about your last birthday are stored in your _____ memory
episodic
short-term
retroactive
semantic
3
Stores information over a lifetime and has an unlimited capacity (in theory)
Long-term memory
Short-term memory
Sensory memory
Working memory
4
Echoic
encoding is the encoding of
Images
Symbols
Sound
Sensations
5
Multiple choice type questions make the greatest use of which of the following types of memory?
relearning
recall
reintegration
recognition
6
The kind of memory that lasts for less than a second and is quickly forgotten...
iconic memory
echoic memory
eidetic memory
olfactory memory
7
What is the most common reason for forgetting?
Not trying hard enough
Failing to pay attention in the first place
Being completely incompetent
Studying in small chunks of time
8
L.A.S.E.R.
("
l
ight
a
mplification by
s
timulated
e
mission of
r
adiation
") is an example of which type of mnemonic?
Keyword
Acronym
Loci Method
Acrostic
9
Which is the correct order information travels through the
three stages of the Information Processing Model
are:
STM/Working - LTM - retrieval
STM/Working - sensory memory - LTM
STM/Working memory - sensory memory - LTM
sensory memory - STM/Working - LTM
10
Which type of rehearsal only keeps information in your STM until it is used or lost?
Distributed practice
Maintenance rehearsal
Musical rehearsal
Elaborative rehearsal
11
Which of the following periods of time
most
accurately states how long information is held in your STM/working memory?
a few seconds
a few hours
less than a second
a few minutes
12
Which of the following is an example of proactive interference?
Can't recall your new cell phone # because your old cell phone # interferes
Can't recall last year's Super bowl winner, just this year's winner
Recalling your new home address, but not recalling your old home address
Recalling your new locker number, but not recalling your old locker number
13
When new information makes it hard to remember old information...
motivated forgetting
retroactive interference
proactive interference
confabulation
14
The process of grouping items in order to make them easier to remember by making more room in your working memory.
rehearsal
mnemonic device
chunking
recall
15
____ is the input, storage, and retrieval of information that has been learned & experienced over time.
Cognition
Information
Learning
Memory
16
Working memory
is
most
associated with which of the following?
long-term memory
sensory memory
implicit memory
short-term memory
17
What does the
Ebbinghaus Curve
tell us about memory and forgetting?
Memory loss improves rapidly over time, then levels off
Memory loss goes through periods of decline and improvement
Memory loss declines at a steady rate
Memory loss is rapid at first, but levels off over time
18
Which type of rehearsal results in the deeper processing of information, making it more likely to be remembered?
Maintenance rehearsal
Dress rehearsal
Musical rehearsal
Elaborative rehearsal
19
The process of encoding information from ST/Working memory is most efficient when it
uses semantic memory
does not use repetition
involves some kind of association
uses repetition
20
The Loftus studies on eyewitness memory showed memory can be altered by information encountered after an event. This is
the Misinformation Effect
the Misremembering Effect
the Misogamy Effect
the Butterfly Effect
21
A ____ is a mental concept built by experience that helps organize information about the world
Chunking
Schema
Mnemonic
Acronym
22
What
type of mnemonic
used to remember the planets of the solar system, for example, is on this tee shirt?
Chaining
Acronym
Acrostic
Loci method
23
The majority of sensory inputs that enter our sensory memory are quickly forgotten.
True
False
24
Joan continually repeats a list of words for a Spanish test in an attempt to move them from STM to LTM. She is using
Elaborative Rehearsal
Chunking
Maintenance Rehearsal
Encoding
25
Joe recently got a new lock, but he finds that he keeps putting in his old combination instead of his new one. This is
Encoding confusion
Retroactive interference
Proactice interference
Amnesia
26
Which of the following is an example of “
procedural memory”
Putting on a pair of shoes
What the musical note "c" sounds like
The capital of Pennsylvania
One's high school graduation
27
Shown a pic of a tree, then asked to define "
bark"
, a person is more likely to say "part of a tree" than "sound of dog"
this is because of iconic memory
this is because of spacing effect
this is because of rehearsal
this is because of priming
28
On average
, your working memory can only hold ___ # of items
12
7
unlimited
16
29
Carol can't remember things that happened before her accident. This is generally known as:
insomnia
implicit memory
short-term memory loss
amnesia
30
Research on media-multitasking shows our attention
cannot
be evenly divided, but instead rapidly switches back & forth.
True
False
31
Unless we pay close attention, we miss even obvious events & info. in our environment. What concept best explains this?
inattentional blindness
pseudo-memory effect
cocktail party effect
tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
32
In which of the following stages of memory can information be lost (i.e. forgotten)?
LTM
Sensory memory
All stages
STM
33
Who is Mr. DeMarzo's celebrity man crush & look-a-like?
Chris Evans (aka Captain America)
Chris Pine (aka Captain Kirk)
Chris Pratt (aka Star Lord)
Chris Hemsworth (aka Thor)
34
Which of the following statements about media-multitasking is
FALSE
?
Media-multitaskers proved better at focusing attention on relevant info
When switching your attention, it takes a few moments to reorient thoughts
We tend to underestimate just how much we are actually distracted
Mediamultitasking degrades and diminishes or short-term/working memory
35
Information that is remembered without needing any memory cues is called ____.
Recall
Relearning
Reintegration
Recognition
36
Research has shown that the more we media-multitask the better we get at it.
False
True
37
"Muscle memory" is an example of ____ memory.
Explicit
Implicit
Reactive
Proactive
38
Emily asks Aaron 12 questions about psychology. Aaron only remembers the first 2 and last 2. This is because
I'm in full effect
Primary memory effect
Decay effect
Serial-position effect
39
What is the
first stage
of the
Information Processing Model
of memory.
Sensory memory
Long-term memory
Short-term Memory
Working memory
40
What is the
most
important factor in encoding information and improving one's memory?
being organized
limit interference
paying attention
attach meaning
41
Which type of memory retrieval process would involve remembering an old classmate's face & name in a yearbook?
relearning
interference
recognition
recall
42
Visual (iconic) memory lasts much longer than auditory (echoic) memory.
False
True
43
Dave met a intriguing girl yesterday and is trying to remember her name. Which of the following is Dave attempting?
Rehearsal
Selective attention
Retrieval
Google search
44
The process of transforming incoming information into a usable form that can be stored in your LTM
Transfer
Encoding
Retrieval
Organization
45
Type of mnemonic that works by having you take a “mental walk” & placing information to be remembered in familiar places
Mental palace (Loci Method)
Acronym
Acrostic
Chaining (Story)
