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FINAL REVIEW, honors, AHS
FINAL REVIEW, honors, AHS
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Final review: genetics, DNA, evolution, ecology, body systems
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1
Bones in the forelimbs of a mammal
show convergence
offer no evidence of evolution
perform same function no matter what
can often be traced to a common ancestor
2
Water is absorbed from undigested material by the
pancreas
bladder
large intestine
gallbladder
3
Most of the oxygen in the blood is transported by
plasma
leukocytes
platelets
red blood cells
4
When you label the structures of the human body, it is an example of
psychology
function
physiology
anatomy
5
The first part of protein synthesis is called
replication
meiosis
transcription
translation
6
New combinations of genes may be produced by
all of these
sexual reproduction
mutations
immigration -species coming together
7
? x AB can have a kid with A and another with AB
A, B, or AB only
A only
A or B only
A, B, AB or O
8
What happens in the alveoli of the lungs?
platelets are exchanged
nothing
carbon dioxide is replaced with oxygen
blood fills the lungs
9
A Punnett square shows
alleles in the gametes
all possible genetic crosses
all possible genotypes
all answers are correct
10
Where does the process of chemical digestion begin?
stomach
esophagus
small intestine
mouth
11
This molecule found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm
DNA
RNA
DNA & RNA
neither DNA or RNA
12
Which of the following is NOT an example of a vestigial structure
human hand.
ankle bones in whales
appendix in humans.
pelvis in boa constrictors (snakes).
13
A producer makes 10 kilograms of tissue. If eaten, __ kilograms will be in consumer tissue
.1
100
1
10
14
New combinations of genes may be produced by
all of these
sexual reproduction
mutation.
immigration.
15
When Mendel crossed a
homozygous tall
plant with a
homozygous short
, the offspring inherited
TTtt
tt
TT
Tt
16
Solid, long is dominant to striped, short. Long, solid x short, striped makes ___ phenotypes
4
1
2
8
17
Which term is NOT an abiotic factor
temperature
plant
soil
water
18
Which of the following is the correct equation for cell respiration?
6 CO2 + 6 O2 + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6 H2 O
6 O2 + C6H12O6 →6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy
6 H2O + C6H12O6→6 O2 + 6 CO2 + energy
6 CO2 + C6H12O6 + light energy → 6 H2O + 6 O2
19
What are #5 and #6?
tRNA; anticodon
mRNA; anticodon
mRNA; codon
tRNA; codon
20
If a long tail cat X with a not tail, and a cat with a short tail is produced, why?
an incompletely dominant gene.
Simple dominance
an X-linked gene.
a mutation.
21
Eye color is polygenic. Which of the following best explains the genetics of this trait?
The gene for eye color is located on the Y chromosome.
Eye color is controlled by a single dominant gene.
Eye color is controlled by more than one gene.
The gene for eye color is located on the X chromosome.
22
An empty square in a pedigree diagram represents
a normal female
a dead relative
cousins in a family
a normal male
23
what is happening here?
transcription
DNA replication
translation
protein synthesis
24
Black = (B); red = (b) AND solid = (S); spotted = (s). If BbSs x Bbss, the chance of B_S_ is
9/16
1/3
3/8
3/16
25
The stability of a community generally increases with a
greater diversity and more links in the food web
greater number of organisms and fewer links in the food web
smaller number of organisms and more links in the food web
lower diversity of organisms and fewer links in the food web
26
Which of the following pairs is an ecosystem?
an abiotic environment and a community
a population and a community
a niche and a community
a biotic environment and a community
27
Carrying capacity is the population of a species
that an environment can hold in an optimal year.
showing exponential growth.
without limiting factors.
that an environment can support on a long term basis.
28
Where in a normal population curve would you find the world human population at this time?
at the earth’s carrying capacity
well above the carrying capacity of the earth
somewhere in the exponential growth phase
in a population crash
29
Mendel concluded that traits are
not inherited by offspring
determined by recessive genes only.
determined by dominant genes only.
inherited by passing genes from parents to offspring
30
Biological magnification is a concentration of toxins
that goes into the environment when a predator eats its prey
within the bodies of organisms at low tropic levels
that increases as predators eat prey
within certain cells of the body
31
The term that describes when one species benefits while another is harmed is
none of these
parasitism
commensalism
mutualism
32
Which of the following statements is the most correct?
plants photosynthesize and both undergo respiration
plants and animals photosynthesize and do respiration
plants photosynthesize and animals undergo respiration
plants and animals undergo respiration and photosynthesize
33
Which of the following is NOT a factor involved in the theory of evolution?
There is much variation in organisms making up a population.
All organisms reproduce beyond the limits of the environment
Food supplies keep pace with the growth of populations
Those most fit for their environment are most likely to live
34
Fossils provide evidence for evolution because
they provide excellent samples of DNA
they show patterns of biological change
they are millions of years old
they exist in all types of rocks
35
What are the chances for a carrier female and normal male to have a color-blind kid?
25%
100%
0%
75%
36
The second part of protein synthesis is called
replication
meiosis
translation
transcriptiong
37
True or False: Plants and animals do cellular respiration
False
True
38
Blood types (A, B and O) are controlled by
Incompletely dominant genes
Sex-linked genes
Multiple alleles
Linked genes
39
Why are mRNA received by eukaryotic ribosomes shorter than the mRNA formed by transcription?
Introns are removed before the mRNA is translated.
Base deletion mutations make the mRNA shorter.
Bases are removed from the ends of the mRNA.
Start codons are not at the end of the mRNA molecule.
40
What is wrong with this person's karyotype?
Turner Syndrome
Klinefelter Syndrome
Edward's Syndrome
Down Syndrome
41
Which of the following defines identical cells working together for a specialized function?
cell
organ
tissue
system
42
Natural selection operates to produce changes in
animals only
individuals
races
populations
43
The building blocks of DNA are made up of
a sugar
a nitrogenous base
a phospate group
all are correct
44
Polygenic traits are
are located on the X chromosome
controlled by more than one gene
are located on the Y chromosome
controlled by a dominant gene
45
Which explains why the insertion of a nucleotide in a DNA could result in a phenotypic change?
Antibodies would destroy the DNA.
Fatty acids would't attach to the DNA to transcribe the DNA.
The bases wouldn't code for the correct amino acids.
The DNA would't fit through the nucleus to get to ribosomes.
46
A coyote eats a deer. A vulture eats the carcass. Bugs eat the rest. Bacteria finish it.
carnivore---detritus feeder---scavenger---decomposer
scavenger---carnivore---detritus feeder---decomposer
decomposer---scavenger---detritus feeder--- carnivore
carnivore---scavenger---detritus feeder---decomposer
47
Why is oxygen important to the cells?
oxygen brings food to cells
oxygen helps cells to clot
oxygen is not important
oxygen is necessary to make cell energy
48
During what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
G1 - phase
G2 - phase
S - phase
49
Air is forced into the lungs by the contraction of the
heart
diaphragm
alveoli
bronchioles
50
An organism's ability to survive and reproduce is called
diversity
fitness
evolution
adaptation
51
What is the pattern for the occurrence of hemophilia in Queen Victoria’s (X
H
X
h
)descendants?
More males than females had hemophilia.
All of Queen Victoria’s children had hemophilia.
Females could not pass on the gene for hemophilia.
All of her kids were carriers for hemophilia.
52
Water is returned to the atmosphere from PLANTS by
transpiration
run off
condensation
evaporation
53
The inner lining of the small intestine is
flat
none of the above
porous
folded into fingerlike projections
54
What's complementary to ACCTGTAT?
UGGACAUA
TGGACATA
55
What organelle does aerobic respiration occur in?
mitochondria
rough ER
nucleus
ribosome
56
Darwin said that those with certain traits have an increased edge. Why?
inheritance from birth.
adaptation to the stress
all of these
development over a lifetime.
57
An individual with a genotype of AaBb is able to produce how many different kinds of gametes?
3
8
4
2
58
What is this called?
purine
pyrimidine
nucleoplasm
nucleotide
59
A white coat cow is crossed with a red coat. All babies have both red hairs and white hairs.
White coat is dominant
Red coat is dominant
red and white color are incompletely dominant
red and white coat are codominant
60
A nuthatch and a chickadee use the same resources. This interaction is
commensalism
mutualism
competition
parasitism
61
Is this person a male or female?
Male
Female
62
Which of the following would exhibit primary succession?
a swamp that has been drained
an abandoned farm
a forest that has been clear-cut
rock exposed by a retreating glacier
63
What process is this picture showing?
DNA replication
transcription
translation
protein synthesis
64
Organisms that live in the same area and belong to the same species are called
populations
niche
community
ecosystems
65
The major artery that pumps blood to the body is the
aorta
pulmonary artery
pulmonary vein
vena cava
66
Which shows the movement of energy in ecosystems?
heat---chemical energy---light energy
light energy----heat----chemical energy
light energy----chemical energy----heat
chemical energy----light energy---heat
67
What is the function of the urinary bladder
storage of urine
maintains water balance
filter waste out of blood
removal of urine
68
A female fly with genotype XRXr is mated with a male fly with XrY. What's the outcome? (R=red)
The chance of female offspring with red eyes is 100%.
The chance that a male offspring will have white eyes is 0%.
The chance of an offspring having white eyes is 50%
The chance of an offspring having red eyes is 75%.
69
What is the "food tube" called
small intestine
esophagus
large intestine
epiglottis
70
The removal of waste
from the blood
is the direct responsibility of which system?
Digestive
Excretory
nervous
Immune
71
What are # 7 and # 9?
amino acid; peptide bond
protein; amino acid
polypeptide; protein
ribosome; amino acid
72
Blood is pumped away from the heart to the lungs, through the
pulmonary artery
aorta
vena cava
pulmonary vein
73
Evolution occurs as a result of
physiological modifications
better survival or reproduction rates
environmental changes
desirable characteristics
74
According to Mendel : tall plants TT x short plants tt will give you offspring with
TT
Tt
TTtt
tt
75
What is the name of this diagram?
chromatin
karatin
karyotype
chromotype
