Chapter 24: Urinary System

What must happen in order for micturition to occur?

The correct order of structures of the renal tubule is ____.

Where are the kidneys located?

The vessel that delivers blood to the glomerulus is called the ____.

Every day the kidneys filter nearly _____ of fluid from the bloodstream.

Hydrostatic pressure in glomerular capillaries forces water & solutes out of blood & across the filtration membrane.

Walls of the bladder contain transitional epithelium that allow for stretching approximately 500ml maximum capacity.

Water can leave the ascending limb of the nephron loop.

To do its job, the urinary system must have a well-developed vascular network and a large blood supply.

Which kidney is slightly lower?

Made up of two cell types to help maintain water/sodium levels & to regulate pH of blood.

How are proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule differentiated?

Urine formation process: occurs in tubules/collecting ducts; selectively moves substances from blood into the filtrate.

Collecting duct cell with short microvilli & hormone receptors to maintain sodium & water balance

Urine conduit from the kidney to the urinary bladder has peristaltic waves of smooth muscle.

What are capsule's three layers of supportive tissue from superficial to deep?

Normal chemical composition of urine consists of

Important for concentrating urine and maintaining salinity gradient with long loops.

Mechanoreceptors/enlarged smooth muscle cells sense blood pressure in afferent arteriole& secrete renin to regulate it.

Nerve fibers that regulate blood flow and influence urine formation.

Cluster of low pressure capillaries from efferent arterioles with high resistance that reabsorb solutes from filtrate.

All of the following are layers of the filtration membrane in the glomerular membrane EXCEPT the ____.

Descending limb of nephron loop is mostly thin segments with low metabolic rate and water permeability

Which is a function of the urinary system?

Short, less coiled structure which lacks microvilli making for decreased surface area.

Normal specific gravity ratio of substance to the mass or distilled water to urine is ___.

____ are the structural and functional units of the kidneys, which carry out the processes that form urine.

Cluster of capillaries more permeable from fenestration filtration passage both fed & drained by arterioles

Urine formation process: occurs in tubules/collecting ducts; selectively moves substances from filtrate back into blood.

The knot of capillaries where filtration occurs in the renal nephron is called the ____.

Urine formation process: occurs in renal capsule; hydrostatic pressure forces fluids/solutes passively through meabrane.

The juxtaglomerular complex plays an important role in the ____.

Cluster of thin wall capillaries extend deep& supply oxygen/nutrients(like blood vessels)& also form concentrated urine.

Where does urine collect and empty to?

Which is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Account for majority of nephrons only found in the cortex with short loops.

All of the following functions are carried out in the renal tubules EXCEPT ____.

The triangular region of the bladder that is delineated by the two ureteral and one urethral orifice is called the ____.

The urinary system is located in both the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

Which is the correct sequence of urine passed through the structures to the external environment:

Made of two segments that have different epithelium tissues which support opposing metabolic activities.

The length of the female urethra is greater than that of the male urethra.

The descending limb of the nephron loop is relatively impermeable to solutes and freely permeable to water.

What are the 4 major organs of the urinary system?

All of the following are normal healthy urinary constituents EXCEPT ___.

Which is NOT the double-walled cup at the end of a renal tubule?

Which is NOT true about nephrons?

Chemoreceptors/tight-packed cells that monitor salt concentration of filtrate entering DCT at very end of loop of Henle.

Internal region of the kidneys that is continuous with the ureters.

Renal arteries deliver __% of total cardiac output to the kidneys each ____.

Normal urine pH ranges from ___.

Long, coiled structure containing microvilli for increasing surface area to help absorption.

The part of the urinary system that carries urine to the body exterior is the _______.

Regulatory signals cells interconnected by gap junctions between arteriole & tubule cells.

Internal region of the kidney containing renal pyramids & columns.

The renal hilum lies on the ____ surface of the kidney.

What is the meaning of retroperitoneal?

In a frontal section of a kidney, the identifiable regions moving laterally to medially are ___.