Chapter 1

Question 1

The vestibular nuclear complex comprises four “major” nuclei (superior, medial, lateral, and descending). The Lateral...

Accepted Answer

The Lateral vestibular nucleus is the principal nucleus for the VSR.

Question 2

Hair cells are in each ampulla/otolith organ are sensors that convert displacement due to head motion into neural firing

Accepted Answer

True

Question 3

The VOR normally acts to maintain stable vision during head motion by...

Accepted Answer

The angular VOR, mediated by the SCCs, compensates for rotation., The linear VOR, mediated by the otoliths, compensates for translation.

Question 4

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is caused by

Accepted Answer

movement of detached otoconia within the inner ear (canalithiasis), otoconia adherent to the cupula (cupulolithiasis)

Question 5

Cerebellar lesions or lesions in the pathways to and from the cerebellum cause vestibular dysfunction to be permanent

Accepted Answer

True

Question 6

Head motion moves the endolymph in the same direction.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 7

Each canal plane within each labyrinth is perpendicular to the other canal planes.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 8

The SCCs sense head velocity and enable the VOR to generate an eye movement that matches the velocity of the head movemt

Accepted Answer

True

Question 9

peripheral vs central vestibular lesions and Nystagmus

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nystagmus can be repaired by an intact brainstem and cerebellum., Persist Nystagmus for over several weeks is usually due to a central lesion

Question 10

The medial vestibulospinal tract mediates postural or head changes in response to SCC sensory input(angular head motion)

Accepted Answer

True

Question 11

The medial vestibulospinal tract descends in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (C-Spine) for cervical axial musculature

Accepted Answer

True

Question 12

Which reflex generates compensatory body movement to maintain head and postural stability and thereby prevent falls.

Accepted Answer

Vestibulospinal reflex (VSR)

Question 13

The output of the central vestibular system goes to the ocular muscles and spinal cord to serve three important reflexes

Accepted Answer

True

Question 14

The posterior-inferior cerebellar arteries (PICAs) are the most important arteries for the central vestibular system.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 15

The lateral vestibulospinal tract gets input from the otoliths and the cerebellum for antigravity posture and head move.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 16

The labyrinthine artery is a branch of (AICA), and the basilar artery supplies the peripheral vestibular system

Accepted Answer

True

Question 17

The peripheral vestibular system consist of

Accepted Answer

Consist of the membranous and bony labyrinths, and the hair cells

Question 18

The labyrinth has no anastomosis and is highly susceptible to ischemia. 15 sec blood cessation affects auditory nerve

Accepted Answer

True

Question 19

The utricle senses acceleration along the occipitocaudal axis and linear motion along the anterior-posterior axis.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 20

The Cerebellum is the primary Processor, and the vestibular nucleus complex is the adaptive processor.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 21

There is no direct communication between the endolymph and perilymph compartments.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 22

The cervicocollic reflex (CCR) is a cervical reflex that stabilizes the head on the body

Accepted Answer

True

Question 23

The reticulospinal tract is probably involved in most balance reflex motor actions.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 24

The internal auditory canal (IAC) contains

Accepted Answer

The facial nerve, the nervous intermedius (sensation branch), The labyrinthine artery, The vestibular and cochlear nerve CN8

Question 25

The mass of the otolithic membrane causes the maculae to be sensitive to gravity and vertical acceleration

Accepted Answer

False

Question 26

In an upright individual, the saccule is vertical (parasagittal), whereas the utricle is horizontally oriented.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 27

The CNS ( Central Processing) comprises the Cerebrum and the vestibular nucleus complex.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 28

The AICA branch of the basilar art is the sole blood supply 4 the peripheral vestibular system via the labyrinthine art

Accepted Answer

True

Question 29

The peripheral sensory apparatus is the sensory input and is composed of Vision, proprioception, and vestibular.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 30

The peripheral apparatus senses head angular velocity and linear acceleration motions and sent information to the CNS.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 31

The bony labyrinth is filled w/ perilymphatic fluid that communicates via the cochlear aqueduct with cerebrospinal fluid

Accepted Answer

True

Question 32

The otoliths differ from the SCCs in: they respond to linear motion instead of angular motion, acceleration vs velocity.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 33

The vestibular nuclear complex comprises four “major” nuclei (superior, medial, lateral, and descending). The Superior..

Accepted Answer

The superior and medial vestibular nuclei are relays for the VOR

Question 34

The three important reflexes are the vestibuloocular (VOR), the vestibulocollic (VCR), and the vestibulospinal (VSR

Accepted Answer

True

Question 35

The reticulospinal tract gets sensory input from all vestibular nuclei and from all of the other systems to keep balance

Accepted Answer

True

Question 36

The vestibular nuclear complex comprises four “major” nuclei (superior, medial, lateral, and descending). The Medial..

Accepted Answer

The medial nucleus is involved in VSRs, coordinates head and eye movmts

Question 37

The membranous labyrinth is filled with endolymphatic fluid with electrolyte composition (high Na: K ratio)

Accepted Answer

False

Question 38

The otoliths register forces related to angular acceleration and respond to head motion and static tilt against gravity

Accepted Answer

False

Question 39

The hair cells in the otoliths respond to angular velocity, and the hair cells in canals respond to linear acceleration

Accepted Answer

False

Question 40

Patient with unilateral vestibular loss avoids head motion toward the side of the lesion.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 41

The bony labyrinth consists of three semicircular canals (SCCs), the cochlea, and a central chamber called the vestibule

Accepted Answer

True

Question 42

Neural firing increases in one vestibular nerve and decreases on the other side.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 43

The head is tilted laterally cause

Accepted Answer

shear force is lessened upon the saccule, shear force is exerted upon the utricle

Question 44

The hair cells of the saccule and utricle, the maculae, are on the medial wall of the saccule and floor of the utricle

Accepted Answer

True

Question 45

The human vestibular system is made up of

Accepted Answer

3 components

Question 46

The hair cells of the ampullae rest on a tuft of blood vessels, nerve fibers, and tissue called the crista ampullaris.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 47

The otolithic membranes contain calcium carbonate (limestone) crystals called otoconia.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 48

Hairs can bent toward or away causing firing rate increases or decreases in the vestibular nerve (excitation/inhibition)

Accepted Answer

True

Question 49

VSR impulses to stabilize the body are transmitted via the lateral and medial vestibulospinal tracts to the spinal cord.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 50

Angular head motion, endolymphatic pressure across the cupula cause the cupula to bend and stimulate hair cells

Accepted Answer

True

Question 51

Which one is not a components of the human vestibular system

Accepted Answer

mechanism for motor input

Question 52

Which reflex acts on the neck musculature to stabilize the head.

Accepted Answer

The vestibulocollic reflex (VCR)

Question 53

The membranous labyrinth contains the three SCCs and the two otolith organs, the utricle, and saccule (5 in total)

Accepted Answer

True

Question 54

The vestibular nuclear complex comprises four “major” nuclei (superior, medial, lateral, and descending). The Descending

Accepted Answer

The descending is connected to all of the other nuclei and the cerebellum

Question 55

Which reflex generates eye movements that enable clear vision while the head is in motion

Accepted Answer

The vestibuloocular reflex (VOR)

Chapter 1

Questions 55

Chapter 1

Questions 55