Supreme Court Cases

1st - School officials can regulate student speech in school-sponsored activities.  

1st - Ruled school-sponsored prayer is unconstitutional because it violates the first amendments establishment clause.  

Guaranteed the right to legal counsel for defendants unable to afford an attorney. 

14th - Upheld racial segregation under "separate but equal" doctrine. 

Political districts cannot be created based on race (gerrymandering) 

Established judicial review. 

1st - "clear and present danger" test for speech restrictions. Difference in free speech allowances in peacetime v. war.

A state’s partial recount of election ballots is unconstitutional.  

Affirmed federal power, ruling states cannot tax the national bank. 

1st - Strengthened First Amendment by allowing Pentagon Papers publication. 

States must redistrict legislative districts to accurately represent the population.  

14th - Upheld internment of Japanese Americans during WWII. 

1st - Declared flag burning a protected form of speech. 

14th - Declared racial segregation in schools unconstitutional. 

14th - Ruled racial quotas in college admissions are unconstitutional. 

1st - Affirmed students' right to free speech in schools as long as it does not disrupt education.  

Ruled African Americans were not citizens, and Congress could not prohibit slavery in territories.